Bathymetric distribution and phenology of Ecklonia kurome in the western Wakasa Bay, the Sea of Japan. Tomokazu Nishigaki and Akio Douke Bathymetric distribution of large brown algae, and temporal variation in growth and maturation of Ecklonia kurome is reported from July 2012 to July 2013 off the southeast coast of Isokatsura-jima, western Wakasa Bay, in the Sea of Japan. In waters shallower than 4.5 meters, Sargassacean species were dominant, whereas E. kurome, Sargassum ringgoldianum ssp. coreanum and S. macrocarpum characterized deeper waters. Lengths of central lamina and longest lateral pinna and wet weight of E. kurome were greatest in early summer (May-June), and least in winter (December-February). Sorus formation was observed between October and December. Ecklonia kurome 2004 Turbo cornutus 1998 2006 1990 1990 1992 1994 1996 1996 2006 1km Fig.1 Fig. 1 Study sites ( ) for bathymetric distribution of Sargassacea species and E. kurome, and phenology of E. kurome off the southeast coast of Isokatsura-jima, Wakasa Bay, Sea of Japan. 37 2015 1
2011 6 15 200 m 10 m 5 m 2003 Sand Pebble Cobble Boulder Rock 2012 5 24 2 5 8 m 1 m 1 m 2 m 0.5 m 0.5 m 2 10 cm 2 2003 2012 7 2013 7 1 5m Sargassum ringgoldianum ssp. coreanum 2 1 cm 1992 2 3 ACL-208DK ACL-215DK 5 m Fig.2 0.5 m 13.2 m 60 m 70 130 m 140 200 m 5 m Table1 0 40 m 8 40 m 100 m 10 100 m Sargassum macrocarpum 5 Fig. 2 Depth and percentage cover of bottom on a line transect (200 m) off Isokatsura-jima. 2
Fig. 3 Productive structure of Sargassacea species and E. kurome at depths of 2, 5 and 8 m off the southeast coast of Isokatsurajima. 37 2015 3
Table2 0.5 1.2 m 0 10 m Sargassum micracanthum Sargassum horneri 1.2 3.0 m 10 40 m Sargassum confusum Sargassum hemiphyllum Myagropsis myagroides Sargassum patens 3 3.0 4.5 m 40 60 m Sargassum siliquastrum 9 4.5 6.8 m 60 110 m 5 6.8 13.2 m 110 200 m 2 5 8 m Fig.3 2 m 6 0 10 cm 1,700 g m -2 5 m 50 60 cm 80 90 cm 20 30 cm 30 40 cm 8 m 5 m 390 g m -2 2 5 8 m m -2 g m -2 1.5 17 32.0 1,100 21.0 760 Fig.4 2012 7 22.8 8 28.8 2013 2 10.3 3 10.4 6 22.8 7 26.3 32 33 10 31.2 3 6 33.5 34.2 Fig.5 1,670 5,320 g m -2 Sargassum fulvellum 2 87 100 2012 7 1,260 g m -2 8 1,200 g m -2 1 190 g m -2 5 730 g m -2 7 550 g m -2 1,470 2013 1 4,040 2012 8 g m -2 2.1 8.0 Fig.6 5.5 15.0 m -2 2013 3 1.5 7.0 m -2 4 56.5 m -2 7 51.5 61.5 m -2 Fig.7 Fig.8 2012 7 504 38 mm 274 49 mm 296 48 mm 247 104 g 8 Fig. 4 Changes in water temperature and salinity at 5 m depth between July 2012 and July 2013, at E. kurome phenology study site, Isokatsura-jima. Fig. 5 Monthly changes in standing crop of Sargassacea species and E. kurome, July 2012 to July 2013. 4
Fig. 6 Temporal variation in age-class density of E. kurome, July 2012 to July 2013. Fig. 8 Temporal variation in percentage of adult E. kurome plants with sorus, July 2012 to July 2013. 332 54 mm 7 371 56 mm 182 34 mm 2 4 7 192 71 215 46 mm 6 116 34 g Fig. 7 Temporal variation in plant length ( ),central lamina length ( ),longest primary pinna length ( ) and wet weight ( ) of adult E. kurome plants, July 2012 to July 2013. Mean S.D. for 6 samples. 9 10 16 11 81 12 351 40 mm 179 38 mm 31 1 118 40 mm 42 9 g 1 12 1 5 452 45 mm 1994 1995 2006 2011 2008 2010 2010 1980 2010 1994 1995 2008 1980 2010 Fig.1 1980 3 m 4.5 m Table2 Fig.3 2 m 5 m Phyllospadix japonicus 5 6 m 1980 37 2015 5
2008 5 m Fig.3 Fig.5 5 m Fig.3 5 6 11 12 1 1 2 Fig.7 1996 1992 9 2 9 12 1996 8 12 1990 10 12 11 Fig.8 4 2012 2013 7 Fig.6 Fig.5,7 2010. 32:13-16 2003. 14:43-60 1996 44:241-247 1980. 69: 23-45 1994 60:365-369 1996 44:59-65 1990 19:1-8 2011. 33:13-16 2006. 28:16-20 1998 1-196 2004. 133-158. 1990 3 U90044:1-25 1992 40:39-46 2006. 28:27-32 2008b. 30:27-30 1994. - 17:72-79 1995. - 18:22-27 6