October 2014 2 2014 SSM SSM 1 1 1.1 1909 2002 2002 : 114 1965 SSM 20101965 40 1917 26 50 1907 1916 1917 26 1907 16 SSM 1 1 1886 1896 1906 1916 1926 95 05 15 25 35 31.6 47.4 10.5 5.3 5.3 32.4 51.4 13.5 1.4 1.4 18.1 56.1 19.3 3.4 3.1 13.8 61.3 19.7 3.5 1.7 20.7 58.6 20.7 1955 2005 SSM
119 1943 1945 1916 25 1886 95 1896 05 3 1 1906 15 10 2 2 SSM 2 1886 95 1926 35 40 1/4 1926 35 1.4 3 2 1886 95 1896 05 1906 15 1916 25 1926 35 44.7 33.3 20.6 13.4 11.9 37.9 44.7 52.4 50.9 52.1 10.2 11.6 17.7 22.7 28.1 3.9 5.9 6.4 7.9 5.2 3.4 4.6 2.9 5.2 2.7 3 1918 1919 30 1931 36 1937 1940 1941 1945 0.553 0.924 0.454 0.640 0.798 1.958 1.409 1.743 1.176 1.205 1.032 0.836 1.624 1.554 1.024 0 0.447 0 0.486 0.722 0 0 0 0.667 1.025 0.819 0 0 0 0
October 2014 15 40 3 1937 1.176, 1.205 1937 40 1941 45 1.2 3 2011 8 20022014 1997 : 177 SSM SSM A B 2 4 B 3 3 1936 1937 1940 1941 3 4 3 2010201220122013 1936 3
119 1936 47.7 1981 1997 : 185 0.96 0.95 1.01 1937 40 1941 25.3 3 72.263.858.2 5 51937 6 1916 25 1916 25 3 1906 15 4 1936 A B 1937 40 A B 1941 45 A B 0.96 0.95 1.01 0.62 0.77 0.96 47.7 6.8 6.3 4.0 4.0 3.4 3.27 3.04 4.80 4.52 4.08 6.83 1.63 4.89 29.9 7.1 6.0 5.2 4.5 4.1 3.7 3.4 3 72.2 3 63.8 3 58.2 AB 4.49 6.05 6.80 7.39 8.88 8.38 1.91 25.3 10.4 6.1 5.0 4.1 4.0 3.3 5 1918 0.807 1919 30 0.673 1931 36 0.779 1937 1940 0.889 1941 1945 0.909 1886 95 0.781 1896 05 0.769 1906 15 0.850 1916 25 0.908 1926 35 0.917
October 2014 6 1886 95 A B 1896 05 A B 1906 15 A B 0.31 1.63 2.30 44.4 11.1 11.1 0.84 1.20 0.51 0.66 46.6 6.8 5.5 5.5 3 66.7 3 64.4 3 59.8 1916 25 A B 1926 35 A B 6.42 8.26 9.35 7.39 8.64 2.15 10.23 10.89 25.3 9.8 6.1 5.3 4.5 4.3 3.9 3.2 1.96 5.94 2.48 8.51 11.54 3.33 9.38 21.1 10.5 7.0 7.0 5.3 5.3 5.3 3 62.3 3 61.4 AB 2.23 2.38 1.84 4.83 1.59 2.02 36.2 8.0 4.3 4.3 3.7 3.4 5 6 1931 1937 1936 1937 1937 7 1926 35 1906 15 1916 25 1926 35
119 7 6 1918 1919 30 1931 36 1937 1940 1941 1945 A B A B A B A B A B 0.77 1.48 1.19 1.03 0.68 1 2 1 53.3 6.7 0.43 0.64 0.45 0.86 14.3 17.5 9.5 58.7 30 63 83 268 715 1886 95 1896 05 1906 15 1916 25 1926 35 A B A B A B A B A B 0.41 0.51 0.31 0.43 0.68 16.7 16.7 5.6 55.6 5.6 0.26 0.33 0.64 0.57 0.94 0.28 2.9 13.0 15.9 13.0 53.6 1.5 18 69 326 693 53 0.90 0.65 0.49 1.25 0.52 1.08 2.14 1.82 1.69 2.21 0.64 22.9 14.5 8.4 50.6 3.6 3.7 22.1 18.7 15.0 39.0 1.5 1.71 2.78 4.28 3.13 3.51 1.88 2.43 6.90 7.74 7.67 6.39 2.54 3.4 18.3 25.0 17.2 32.5 3.7 1.7 21.7 22.7 21.2 28.3 4.5 1.73 5.59 5.71 6.10 4.84 2.01 1.89 3.18 2.48 4.13 1.66 2.5 22.8 20.4 23.1 28.0 3.2 1.9 17.0 18.9 39.6 22.6 8 1918 1919 30 1931 36 1937 40 1941 45 1.15 1.11 0.80 0.93 0.74 2.24 1.56 1.28 0.63 0.34 0.79 0.42 1.10 0.99 0.73 0.67 1.24 0.22 1.54 0.86 0.64 1.80 1.59 0.99 0.95 1.60 0.81 1.39 0.49 0.41 0.94 1.02 1.75 1.44 2.16 1.62 2.31 4.08 2.11 6.07 8.13 5.75 6.28 1.66 1.60 0.70 2.33 1.77 1.39 3.67 3.50 3.06 3.47 15.00 2.57 8.33 9.39 18 7.97 5.12 2.00 3.59 2.62 4.36 1.71 11886 95 21896 1905 31906 15 4 1916 25 51926 35 50
October 2014 1916 25 1916 25 1926 35 8 6 5 1 15 40 20 20 100 11919 30 21931 36 1886 95 1896 05 1896 05 1906 15 31937 40 1896 05 30 40 1906 15 1916 25 68 41941 45 1896 05 40 12 1906 15 3 1916 25 18 9.39 1926 35 1 4 1906 15 4.36 1.3 1931 1937 1941 1941 1943
119 1 5 1 8 1937 1919 30 12.7 1941 45 3 35.1 1918 3.6 1941 45 9.7 34 1941 5.6 9 1936 1937 40 1941 45 0.5 4.4 7.6 3.0 4.6 0.9 3.0 5.8 2.9 6.9 3.5 5.3 0.3 5.2 6.8 3.2 3.3 5.4 11.0 0.8 3.3 5.3 8 9 1936 1937 1941 19641974
October 2014 2 76.6 1936 83.31937 40 82.61941 45 14 18 83.019 22 76.0 23 29 81.830 88.5 19 29 1.4 15 17 6 7 15 2 2 1 2 1
119 4 1919 30 1931 36 1937 40 1941 45 8 ward 6 2 1937 1 1919 1936 2 1919 3 1 1937 1 4 1936 1937 1941 5 1940 3 1941 6 1936 1937 41 11936 21937 40 3 5 2 31941 45 3 1 1936 37 40 10 1937 40 41 45 C6 C5 C3 C4 C1 C2 1918
October 2014 10 4 1 C5C6 9 2 C 3 3 C 1,C4 4 C 2 2 SSM SSM SSM 2 2.1 1 2003 2 3 1 1 1 2 3 3
119 4 2 1 2 2 2 3 2014 1889 a b 1t 1 2 3 1886 95 1896 1905 1906 15 1916 25 1926 35 4 15 18 19 22 23 29 30 40 5 6 1940 1941 45 2 11 1940 1941
October 2014 11 1940 1941 45 B expb B expb 3.262** 38 2.330** 97 ref. ref. 1906 15 1886 95 1896 05 1916 1925 1926 1935 ref. 19 22 15 18 23 29 30 40 ref. ref. 2 NegelkerkeR 2 N **p1, *p5, p0.10 1.005** 0.366* 6 0.177 0.733* 25 1.045** 0.558** 1.312** 2.666** 1.222** 1.456** 0.375 0.276 0.105 0.402 0.125 0.372** 0.288* 0.309 3881.098 0.165 30718 1927 0.366 0.693 0.994 0.837 0.480 1.025 0.352 0.572 3.712 70 0.295 0.233 0.687 0.759 0.900 0.669 0.882 0.689 1.334 0.734 0.921** 0.209 0.203 0.271* 0.616* 24 0.619 0.456** 0.471* 1.502** 1.075** 1.285** 0.193 0.201 0.141 0.213 80 0.197 0.158 97 5019.189 0.106 13803 2152 0.398 1.232 1.226 1.311 0.540 1.024 0.538 1.578 0.625 0.223 0.341 0.277 1.213 0.818 0.868 0.809 1.084 0.822 0.854 0.908 1940 1940 1940 1941 1916 25 20 1940 1941 10 1940 10 1931 1941 1 1 1 2 3 1931 40
119 9 1940 2 11941 2 1 1940 2 2 1941 2 3 2.2 1 1939 3 1 3 2 3 3 3 4 1945 4 1 12 3 1, 3 3, 3 4 SSM 10 10 15 18 3 2 30 40 10 3 2 1941 45 4 1 1945 1927 1996 1938 1939 2
October 2014 SSM 3 12 ref.19 22 15 18 23 29 30 40 ref ref ref.1941 45 1936 1937 40 R 2 N **p1, *p5, p0.10 2014 4 4 4 β 51 36 56 11 3 46 33 7 27 6 26 0.279** 0.324** 0.149 1092 2014 1940 1941 3 1940 1941 1941 2014 1941 11 1941 2!
119 2002 2003 SSJ SSM 2005 SSM 2003 83 108. 1964 2009 2003 1991 152 178. 2012 19512012 37 54. 1990 2013 1965 SSM 2012 120 135. 1996 1988 1974 1981 1988 3 1988 NHK 1997 2010 1960 179 208. 1991 137 153. 1989 3 1988 2 2003PHP 2011105 1981 2002 2006 559 86. 20141! Nagelkerke R2
October 2014 SSM 289 62 1
119 Who Became the Soldiers? Part 2 Inequalities in Educational Background and Occupation in Pre-war Showa Period Military Service ABSTRACT We used SSM survey data to examine the educational and occupational characteristics of people who served in the military. In particular, we examined whether there were inequalities between their educational and occupational backgrounds, and in their military service. The results of the analysis are as follows. First, the inequality between educational and occupational background was large before the Pacific War, but shrunk during the Pacific War. Second, regardless of time period, only those from upper white-collar backgrounds had difficulty performing military service. Third, the attributes of soldiers did not influence the period of time spent in military service. Key Words: conscription system, educational background, occupation, inequality