= /

[ ( 3)] 1 System of National Accounts SNA SNA 1993 93SNA 2008SNA 1.1, Gross Domestic Product (GDP) SNA GDP. 1 (Gross Value Added), (1) (2) (3) 1 1

1 1 1 5 100 75 1 20 30 1 100 500 1500 3000 1 500 +1500 +3000 =5000 500 100 75 3000 500 3000 3500 5000 / 3000 500 2

1: 500 1500 500 1000 3000-1500 =1500 500 +1000 +1500 =3000 GDP 1 3000 GDP GDP (capital) 2 2 GDP 1 2, (physical capital) 3

(Gross) (Net) 3 (Gross Value Added), (Net Value Added) GDP (Net Domestic Product, NDP) GDP 1.2 GDP 2 5 10 100 5 (e.g. )5 70 10 (e.g. )5 30 1 50 1 25 1 100 2 2 3 4

2: GDP GDP GDP 3 GDP SNA. 4 (Gross Domestic Income, 3: GDP GDI) ( : 8%) GDI = }{{} =DI 4 5

GDI (Domestic Income, DI) 4: GDP GDI GNI (2010 ) ( ) GDP GDP GDP GDP (GNP) 93SNA GNP (Gross National Income, GNI) GNP GDP GDP GNP GNP GNI GNI GDI GNI DI (NI) 2010 SNA, GDP, GDI, GNI 2010 GDP 481.1 6

108.1 GDP 22% 335.3 12.3 347.6 1.3 GDP GDP GDP (1) (2) (3), (4) (1)-(4) C, I, G, NEX, GDE = C + I + G + NEX 1: (2010 ) ( ) GDP GDP = GDE I 5 5 7

GDP GDI GDP GDE 1 2010 GDP, GDI, GDE 2 GDP GDP 2.1 GDP GDP GDP GDP I 1 t (e.g., 2012 ) i (i = 1, 2,..., I) Q i t, Pt i i i M 1 m (m = 1, 2,... M) R m t, i m X m,i t i m i m : P i t Q i t R m t M m=1 X m,i t R m t X m,i t GDP ( ) M t GDP = Pt i Q i t Rt m X m,i t + = m=1 M m=1 R m t X m,i t Pt i Q i t (1) 1. ( m ) GDP ( ) M t GDP = Pt i Q i t Rt m X m,i t + = Pt i Q i t m=1 m m R m t X m,i t R m X m,i t (2) GDP (2) 8

GDP! " (!!" 5: GDP (1955-2012 ) '!!" &!!" #))!,#)''-#))+." $!!!)%/01",#)+!-$!!)." $!!')%/01",#))&-$!#$." %!!" $!!" #!!"!" #)''" #)(!" #)('" #)*!" #)*'" #)+!" #)+'" #))!" #))'" $!!!" $!!'" $!#!" ( ) 5 1955 2012 GDP GDP 1990 68SNA 93SNA 1968 1993 GDP 93SNA 2000 2005 (Input Output Table) 0 5 6 (1)2005 (93SNA, 2001 2010, GDP 1994 ), (2)2000 (93SNA, 1980 2009 ), (3)1995 (93SNA, 1980 2003 ), (4)1990 (68SNA, 1955 1998, 1970 ), 4 6 2005 2000 5 2005 2000 6 http://www.stat.go.jp/data/io/system.htm 9

(2000 ) 6: 1995 2000 2005 2010 (2005 ) 1995 2000 2005 2010 2001 2004 2000 2009 1980 1980 2000 2001 2009 2001 2000 2005 2010 2001 (GDP 1994 ) 2005 2001 2005 2.2 GDP GDP 5 GDP GDP GDP i t V i t P i, Q i V i t = P i t Q i t, 10

i GDP V i t Pt i, GDP GDP GDP GDP t t t GDP i Q i t t P i t t GDP t GDP = Pt i Qi t, (3) GDP GDP GDP 7 2005 GDP, 2005 GDP 100 7 1955 9.08 GDP 7: GDP (1955 2012, 2005 )! " (!!" '!!" &!!" %!!" $!!" #!!"!" #)''" #)(!" #)('" #)*!" #)*'" #)+!" #)+'" #))!" #))'" $!!!" $!!'" $!#!" ( ) 5 2010 104.15 55 11.5 7 GDP 11

g 1 + 104.15 9.08 9.08 = (1 + g) 55 g = ( 1 + ) 1/55 104.15 9.08 1 0.045 9.08 55 4.5% 8 7 GDP GDP 8: GDP (1955 2012, 2005 ) "&$% "#$% &$% #$% "'&&% "'(#% "'(&% "')#% "')&% "'*#% "'*&% "''#% "''&% +###% +##&% +#"#%!&$%!"#$% ( ) 5. 2.3 GDP GDP GDP GDP GDP GDP 100 t GDP t GDP = t GDP 100 I = P t i Q i t I P 100, (4) t i Qi t 9 2005 GDP. 2000 GDP GDP 12

9: GDP (1955 2012 2005 ) '#!" '!!" &!" %!" $!" #!"!" '())" '(%!" '(%)" '(*!" '(*)" '(&!" '(&)" '((!" '(()" #!!!" #!!)" #!'!" ( ) 5 10 1999 GDP GDP 8 GDP 10 GDP 1990 1990 GDP V t = P t Q t V t V t+1 V t V t = P t+1q t+1 P t Q t P t Q t (5) (5) P t+1 P t Q t+1 Q t 1 V t V t+1 V t V t P t(q t+1 Q t ) + Q t (P t+1 P t ) P t Q t = Q t+1 Q t Q t + P t+1 P t P t (6) 13

10: (GDP )(1955 2012 2005 ) '"#$ '%#$ &"#$ &%#$ "#$ %#$ &(""$ &()%$ &()"$ &(*%$ &(*"$ &(+%$ &(+"$ &((%$ &(("$ '%%%$ '%%"$ '%&%$!"#$ ( ) 5 GDP (4) GDP = GDP + 11 GDP GDP 3 GDP (Consumer Price Index, CPI) (Corporate Goods Price Index, CGPI) GDP CPI ( ) CGPI CPI CPI GDP t GDP CPI t CPI Q i t t P i t t t. t t = I C P i t Q i t, 14

11: GDP '&$% '#$% "&$% "#$% &$% #$% "(&&% "()#% "()&% "(*#% "(*&% "(+#% "(+&% "((#% "((&% '###% '##&% '#"#%!&$%!"#$% ( ) 5 I C (I C I) I C P i t Qi t 100 CPI t CPI = IC P i t Q i t IC P i t Qi t 100. (7) 12 CPI GDP 2005 100 CPI GDP 2000 GDP CPI CPI 3.1 CPI GDP GDP GDP GDP GDP CPI 15

12: (1955 2012 ) '#!" '!!" +,- &!" %!" $!" #!"!" '())" '(%!" '(%)" '(*!" '(*)" '(&!" '(&)" '((!" '(()" #!!!" #!!)" #!'!" GDP (4) ( ) GDP /100 = I Pt i P Qi t i t Pt i I P i t Qi t = Pt i Qi t Pt i I P t i Qi P i t t θ i t θt i Pt i Qi t I P t i Qi t i, i t I θi t = 1 θt i (4) GDP /100 = θ i Pt i t P i t GDP t t θ i t θ i t Qi t CPI (7) CPI/100 = = I ( P i t Qi t P i t P i t IC P i t Qi t P i t Qi t I P i t Qi t ) Pt i Pt i 16

I C = I µ i t P i t Qi t I P i t Qi t µ i t i Qi t GDP µ i t I µi t = 1 µ i t (7) CPI/100 = µ i Pt i t P i t CPI GDP t t 12 2000 CPI GDP θ i t µi t i CPI i GDP i GDP CPI GDP θ t i GDP CPI, µ i t CPI 17