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Vol. 2, 1 17, 2013 1986 A study about the development of the basic policy in the field of reform of China s sports system 1986 HaoWen Wu Abstract: This study focuses on the development of the basic policy in the field of reform of Chinese sports system in 1986. Social background, various sports business, and the sports policy of each year are reviewed from 1976, in which the Cultural Revolution in China was terminated. The results of this study can be summarized as follows: After the Cultural Revolution, with the raising of the emancipating the mind by Xiaoping Deng, unreasonable criticism on the sport was wiped out, and sports activities was resumed in China. In 1978, a policy of reform and opening-up was proposed, and reform of China s social system was started. Meanwhile, as the first step of sports business reform, China has returned to the international Olympic committee in 1979, and a policy of competitive sports priority was formulated for winning at the Olympic Games. In 1980, i.e., the second year of the implementation of the policy of reform and opening-up, national finance was shocked by the increase of expenses, which was necessary to the reform. With the rapid development, financial problems in the sports business emerged due to the expanded fund. In 1981, National Sports Commission pointed out the financial problem in sport, and ordered each local sport authority to ensure their financial investment. In the same year, commercial sports activities were sponsored. In the beginning of 1980, because of the activity of the representative players in the international competition, sports boom occurred in China. Thus, in order to respond such a new situation of sport, the Chinese government promulgated several reform proposals, and a development goal of sports business was decided to establish a sports powerful country until 2000. Therefore, the subjects on flexible use of sports facilities, training of players, scientizing of sport, funding, etc., were emphasized. In 1984, the Chinese government announced a basic policy of China s economic reform, and plans of system reform in each field were developed. Although the 23rd Olympic Games Los Angeles was the most important goal in 1984 in the sports field, the policies on sports system reform had not been formulated. In the same year, it was pointed out that players were very important for obtaining good results after the 23rd Olympic Games. Consequently, reform of sports personnel training system was urgently needed. In 1985, Three prominent problems in sports business were submitted, and sports socialization was emphasized to resolve the problems of players and sports finance. After that, a research society of China Sports Development Strategy was established for full reform of the sport. Based on the process described above, the basic policy in the field of reform of China s sports system including all kinds of reform policies was summarized about promoting the socialization of sports and realizing the goal of 2000, via resolving the most serious problems in sports area at that time, such as financial problems and shortage of players, etc. Key words : China, sports system, development, policy Received: July 19, 2013 Accepted: August 19, 2013 1. 1978 1 2 1986 1

1986 1993 2000 2001 2010 3 2004 1 7 98 1 35 4 5 2008 9 2 6 1986 20 30 1993 7 8 1986 1978 1979 9 10 11 1980 12 1984 70 225 20 24 2000 13) 14 1986 1 2, 3, 4, 7 2, 3, 9, 10 2

1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 12 7. 8. 9. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 1. 2. 3. 4. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 1993 1949 1991, pp. 107 111. 3

1986 15 1976 1986 1986 2. 1) 1976 1978 GDP 230 8100 520 16 1966 17 1976 9 1976 10 1977 1 18 19 1977 7 20 1978 12 18 22 5 11 36 21 22 1978 2 1976 1985 10 9 23 200 24 1964 25 4

10 1976 1978 1978 12 26 27 28 10 29 2 1976 1977 1978 1400 30 31 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 1978 1978 32 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 5

1986 6. 280 1 5 7. 8. 9. 10. 3. 1 1978 33 1979 7 1980 5 34 1978 12 1979 2 35 1978 2 36 6

3 8 1978 8 12 37 1977 1979 1978 38 1979 1971 1971 10 1973 1972 39 1975 4 1978 12 1979 1 1 40 1979 10 1980 22 1979 1979 1980 41 1. 2. 3.. 4. 1979 1980 1979 2 1980 1 30 7

1986 30 42 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 1979 1979 1980 170 120 43 44 1980 3 28 45 10 46 1. 2. 3. 2 203 4 25 5 35 47 3 1978 1980 3 1980 8

4. 1 1978 1981 1 8 9 48 1981 49 50 1. 2. 3. 51 1980 10 52 12 53 1981 9 10 54 11 5 5 55 1982 56 1982 7 9

1986 57 2 1981 1984 23 1980 1980 5. 1 1980 1979 1981 3 58 36 7 59 1981 10 60 11 3 61 1982 9 9 62 1980 1983 3 1 3 9 1 63 1983 2 10 64 65 1. 20 1 2 3 10

4 5 2. 3 1 2 3 4 5 3. 1 2 3 4 4. 5. 6. 7. 2 1980 1983 1978 1983 66 1983 6. 1 1984 32 4 67 23 8 23 4 10 11

1986 68 1. 35 1984 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 10 1979 1984 69 1980 1982 70 2 1984 10 1980 71 1984 1 72 10 73 74 1984 1984 10 11 1000 75 14 76 12 77 2 1984 12

2. 1956 77 8911 1965 1410 79153 1978 2458 225977 1985 2638 249772 1993 1949 1991 p. 352, p. 391 1984 225 20 24 78 2 1956 1978 1978 1985 7 32 79 80 2400 800 300 1985 4 81 1. 1986 1990 1988 1990 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 82 83 84 85 1985 3 7 13

1986 1984 1985 10 86 87 7. 1986 1978 22 1980 1980 1980 2000 1984 23 20 1978 1984 1985 1985 1978 1980 1980 1980 1981 1982 1983 14

1984 1985 14 1985 1985 1986 3 1978 1985 4 15 1. 2004 1 14 2. 2001 4 6. 3. 1975 1982 1949 1981 pp. 226 227 4. 1994 5 5. 1 1990 2 4 15. 2 2003 13 23. 3 2002 2002 5 7 11. 2004 1 7 11. 2002 1 43 45. 2002 3 12 15. 2007 2008 6 7 10. 2010 10 11 15. 4 2004 12 34. 5 2009 2 93 98. 6 2002 1 6 9. 7 1986 1999 20 3 4 9. 1994 5 3 5. 晓 1997 2 42 45. 晓 1994 2 13 16. 8 2003 13 23. 9 2011 1960 41 1 : 25 35. 10 1993 1981 1949 1991, pp. 233 235. 11 1994 5 3 5. 15

1986 12 1993 1980 1949 1991, pp. 229 232. 13 1984 35 15 16. 14 1986 20 44 45. 15 1988p. 114. 16 晓 1999 50 p. 271. 17 1990 2 5. 18 1998p. 69. 19 1998 6 23 27. 20 1993 p. 114. 21 1993 p. 116. 22 2008 5 4 8. 23 2008 5 8 9. 24 1998 6 23 27. 25 1953 p. 116. 26 1990 2 4 15. 27 1990 2 4. 28 1993 p. 110. 29 1998 6 23 27. 30 1993 1978 1949 1991, p. 222. 31 1993 1978 1949 1991, pp. 222 223. 32 1993 1978 1949 1991, pp. 223 225. 33 1993 pp. 118. 34 1978 1985 1987 p. 451. 35 1993 1979 1949 1991, p. 225. 36 1982 1978 1949 1981, pp. 125 127. 37 2008 p. 406. 38 2008 pp. 406 407. 39 1988 p. 104. 40 1996 p. 132. 41 1993 1979 1949 1991, pp. 225 227. 42 1993 1980 1949 1991, pp. 229 232. 43 19821981. pp. 4 5. 44 1982 1949 1981. p. 133. 45 1982 1949 1981. pp. 140 145. 46 1982 1949 1981. pp. 140 145. 47 1982 1949 1981. p. 140. 48 2008 p. 15. 49 1993 1981 1949 1991, pp. 233 235. 50 1993 1981 1949 1991, pp. 233 235. 51 1993 1981 1949 1991, pp. 233 235. 52 2006 2 22 25. 53 1993 1949 1991. p. 107. 54 1993 1949 1991. p. 115. 55 1993 1949 1991. p. 116. 56 1982 2 19 27. 57 1982 1982, p. 109. 58 2008 p. 72. 59 2008 p. 73. 60 2008 p. 73. 61 1993 1949 1991. pp. 530 531. 62 2008 p. 73. 63 1993 1949 1991, pp. 238 241. 64 1993 16

1949 1991, pp. 238 241. 65 1984 1983, pp. 57 65. 66 1978 pp. 40 41. 67 2008 p. 88. 68 1993 1949 1991, pp. 243 244. 69 19841984. p. 52. 70 1986 p. 480. 71 2001 1986 14 5. 72 1993 1984 1949 1991, pp. 245 247. 73 1985 1984, p. 48. 74 1985 1984, pp. 49 51. 75 2007 2 29 37. 76 1985 1984, pp. 49 51. 77 1993 1949 1991, p. 271. 78 1984 35 15 16. 79 2001 1986 14 5. 80 1986 20 44 45. 81 1993 1985 1949 1991, pp. 248 250. 82 2001 1986 14 5. 83 2008 p. 219. 84 1985.7.15 85 2008 p. 224. 86 1993 1949 1991, pp. 253 254. 87 1993 1949 1991, pp. 253 254. 2 2 13 201 E-mail whwjob@hotmail.com 17