12 40 7 1995 9 11 12

5 10 5 8 9 6 10 7 19 20 100

1

2

3

4

31 1956 5 28 1953 12 54 17 32 1957 40 1965 5 40 1965 7 26 5 5

11 1999 2,263 40 895 11 1999 690 352 7 1995 12 11,152 10,353 799 28 1953 1 6

31 1956 54 17 34 1959 40 1965 5 31 1956 5 12 43 1968 5 40 1965 1 25 1950 1 40 1965 1 7

43 1968 9 26 1 2 1 8

1998 2 26 1951 8 26 1951 3 9

3 16 6 4 1 1 40 1965 44.8 1966 43 1968 15 1940 3 16 10

4 12 4 3 5 11 31 3 4 14 4 17 4 21 4 23 4 26 5 2 5 28 34 1 2 2 11 31 4 23 5 7 5 8 5 10 5 14 5 4 31 4 28 5 8 5 9 5 10 16 17 21 23 11 8 5 8 5 16 8 7 6 14 11

46 1972 1991 12 12

43 1968 9 26 43 1968 13

14

31 1956 5 20 1945 30 1955 10 48 1973 31 1898 2,542 43 1910 39 1906 15

40 1907 3 10 41 1908 8 41 1908 880 2 1927 40,000 1930 39 1906 22 1889 4 2,400 12,040 1912 12 17,192 1915 2,911 18,681 24 1949 8,584 42,137 31 1956 3,258 50,461 35 1960 15 19,819 4,757 24 16

30 1955 50 15 1926 7 25 1950 17

7 1932 45,000 20 1945 2 20 1945 10 25 1950 20 30 1955 1 35 1960 45,245 1 7 8 3 1 4 1 20 10 27 1952 DOP 34 1959 85 18

( 38 ) ( 35 ) 3 43 5 48,000 t 45,245 t 12 3 24,000 22,142 43 3 19 1 40 4 18,000 15,969 3 2 39 9 11 1 40 1 12,000 11,800 20 4 43 5 12,000 10,890 35 7 39 1 10,000 4,244 14 4 39 12 3,600 2,826 20 30 1955 3,233 1,781 33 1958 7,758 1,647 34 1959 13,147 1,378 30 1955 1 2 2 34 1959 10 34 1959 12 19

7 8 34 1959 11 7 20 20

30 7 1932 16 1941 5 1930 1 2 1937 62 1987 5 13 1938 21

22 22 1947 5 10 10 1921 trimercury-aldehyde 19 1944 30 1955 15 1926 1,500 7 1932 18 1943 15 26 1951 50 26 1951 27 1952

27 1952 8 28 1953 29 1954 6 100 8 1 28 1953 29 1954 30 1955 23

18 1885 16 1941 24 1949 26 1951 29 1954 30 1955 32 1957 24

25 33 1958 700 2 3 45 1970 64 38 1963 39 1964 39 1964 40 1965 42 1967

45 1970 29 8 1 29 1896 26

27 24 25 26 27 1/3 28 29 28 10 1,000m 28 29 30 32

31 1956 5 34 1959 7 31 1956 4 5 2 2 2 3 5 1 4 5 4 5 8 5 28 30 28 1953 12 31 1956 8 29 31 1956 54 17 28

31 1956 8 13 8 14 8 24 31 1956 11 3 1 1 33 1958 8 29

31 1956 10 10 12 32 1957 1 25 26 1 3 30 7 64 1966 3 32 1957 31 2 30

10 31 1956 8 3 11 32 1957 1 32 1957 1 2 3 4 1 32 1957 3 30 4 10 31

17 1942 334 114 24 1949 93 7 25 1950 12 31 1956 11 31 2.299 1957 31 1956 11 19 3 1 12 23 2 20 275 1979 31 1956 11 17 1 7 32 1957 3 1 40 8 32 1957 2 8 33 65 32 1957 2 8 7 32

32 1957 9 6 32 1957 3 32 1957 7 4 2 8 16 9 11 4 2 32 1957 10 3 2 3 3 33

33 1958 6 24 2 3 3 33 1958 7 7 33 1958 8 7 34 1959 1 16 33 1958 9 33 1958 8 1 31 9 32 9 34

33 1958 9 35

34 1959 3 34 1959 6 6 34 1959 2 10 10 9 34 3 1960 3 10 1 11 11 36

31 1956 31 1956 7 1 31 1956 5 11 37

26 27 28 31 34 12 30 10 1935 38

31 2 1957 6 33 1958 8 34 1959 43 1968 Minamata Disease 45 1970 3 48 1973 39

90 50ppm 4 D. Hunter R. Bomford D. Russell 15 1940 Quart. J. Med. 9 1 4 15 Hunter Russell Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiat. 17 1954 33 1958 F. Henke O. Lubarsch 13 2 A. Pentschew Hunter 32 1957 4 Von Oettingen 1954 Hunter 2 Hunter 34 Hunter McAlpine 33 1958 2 Lancet 9 40

33 1958 9 NIH National Institutes of Health Kurland 34 1959 NIH 41

34 1959 7 40 1965 5 33 1958 0.1ppm 3 33 1958 7 34 1959 7 14 2,000ppm 7 22 42

34 1959 7 22 8 6 1 12 17 29 3,500 8 19 34 1959 9 10 17 1,500 10 31 1956 34 1959 11 2 8 2,000 100 11 4 6 34 1959 11 2 5 43

7 34 1959 11 9 34 1959 10 21 1 10 22 11 1 8 2 11 10 11 12 34 1959 1 11 12 44

34 1959 11 34 11 11 1999 34 11 11 NHK 50 3 26 NHK NHK 7 1995 45

1969 34 1959 11 24 25 78 2 3,400 11 28 12 12 12 24 25 3,500 6,500 46

12 30 10 3 12 25 5 34 1959 7 34 1959 8 5 7 1932 24 1949 34 1959 9 28 29 1954 34 1959 8 24 29 9 9 9 28 32 1957 2 34 1959 9 47

32 1957 5 34 1959 7 34 1959 10 6 400 11 30 11 2 400 34 1959 12 34 1959 7 10 1 48

11 10 3 3 34 1959 12 19 12 24 35 1960 20ppm 0ppm 60 1985 4 50 50 ph 8 9 35 1960 2 16 17 NIH 49

34 1959 12 35 1960 1 35 1960 8 1960 35 5 World Neurology 8 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 50

1988 1989 7 33 1958 NIH T 9 34 1959 7 35 1960 World Neurology 1960 11 36 1961 37 1962 34 1959 Jernelov 43 1968 1 51

1964 1969 52

34 1959 11 35 1960 1 34 1959 10 6 7 11 12 8 13 8 53

35 1960 2 26 1 2 4 12 2 16 6 7 36 1961 3 6 4 35 1960 34 1959 9 12 35 1960 4 8 54

12 2 36 1961 36 1961 4 1 NIH PHS Public Health Service 36 1961 4 9 37 1962 NIH 34 1959 12 30 4 5 55

34 1959 6 48 1973 34 1959 12 36 1961 9 39 1964 3 35 1960 2 79 35 1960 4 36 1961 1 39 1964 1 44 1969 5 56

34 12 25 36 9 14 39 3 31 44 12 27 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 37 11 29 35 2 3 7 10 3 10 1972 35 1960 30 34 1959 57

30 9 5 7.5 11.9 15 36 1961 3 1 2 6 8 7 1 16 37 1962 9 6 4 10 11 29 16 30 1 1 2 6 50 30 58

fetal congenital 64 13 1.0ppm 33 1958 12 34 1959 7 39 1964 1 20 200 40 1965 3 7 37 1962 4 38 1963 1 37 1962 4 59

1 9 35 1960 3 35 1960 10 1,000 3 35 1960 200ppm 4 80ppm 920ppm 430ppm 1855ppm 3 60

46 1971 1966 36 1961 7 12 61

36 1961 11 CH 3 HgSCH 3 37 1962 37 1962 8 CH 3 HgCl 38 1963 2 16 PHS 38 1963 2 19 36 1961 3 4 20 62

39 1964 1 39 1964 37 1962 39 1964 12 41 1966 3 36 1961 9 7 37 1962 9 1 WPCF 2 WPCF 39 1964 41 1966 9 3 WPCF 63

40 1965 5 43 1968 9 40 1965 1 4 4 5 1 5 31 6 12 7 2 34 1959 40 1965 6 16 6 28 6 30 3 6 14 412 2,813 172 50ppm 61 200ppm 21 40 1965 6 21 3,849 19,888 120 300 384 81 64

7 26 39 1964 8 5 7 50ppm 1 60km 40 1965 9 8 3 40 1965 1 47 1972 WHO FAO 50ppm g/g 0.4ppm g/ml 0.3mg 26 5 2 16 61% 200ppm 1 56.8ppm 0.2 2ppm 50ppm 0.2ppm WHO/FAO 50ppm 100 0.2ppm 23 65

WHO 50 ppm 0.2 ppm 0.4 Tejning Bakir Kojima 0.2 mg/ / 0.3 mg 60 kg 5 g/kg/ WHO 51 1976 WHO 1 0.2 0.5 ppm 50 125 ppm 1 1kg 3 7 g 53 1978 52 ppm 82.6 ppm 2 1990 WHO 101 WHO 50 125 ppm 33 0.2mg 3.3 g/kg 2003 FAO WHO JECFA 61 1.6 g/kg / 17 2005 JECFA 2.0 g/kg / 48 1973 0.17 mg 50 kg 48 0.4 ppm 0.3 ppm 41 1966 3 24 66

6 30 39 1964 6 16 41 1966 11 42 1967 4 7 18 24 8 30 67

42 1967 6 42 1967 9 43 1968 3 43 1968 1 40 1965 11 42 1967 40 1965 12 41 1966 42 1967 6 42 1967 8 43 1968 5 68

43 1968 9 26 31 1956 5 12 5 34 1959 11 35 1960 2 44 1969 2 69

41 1908 7 1932 15 1926 43 1968 26 1951 27 1952 27 1952 8 28 1953 29 1954 28 1953 30 1955 PRTR 70

ISO 1) 2) 3) 27 1952 PCB 1) 71

2) 1) 2) 3) 72

73

31 1956 5 1 5 28 7 31 1956 8 11 3 40 1965 5 31 6 16 1) 2) 1 1 1 74

6 8 1) 2) 3 3) 1) 75

2) 1) 31 1956 54 17 2) 31 1956 11 3) 76

4) PRTR 5 2 77

78

32 1957 33 1958 1 79

1) 2) 80

31 1956 8 31 1956 11 31 1956 12 35 1960 11 3 3 2,726 46 1971 11 23,000 10 40 1965 6 2,813 2 39 1964 8 26 5 81

1) 2) 34 1959 7 3) 1) 2) 35 1960 36 82

44 1969 31 1956 11 3) 44 1969 12 41 1) 2) 3) 83

4) 35 1960 11 3 84

1 2 3 5 85

31 1956 11 32 1957 32 1957 5 34 1959 7 10 6 400 34 1959 7 37 1962 40 1965 42 1967 35 1960 4 36 1961 9 7 42 1967 52 1977 86

Le Prix De L institut De La Vie 400 31 1956 5 8 3 1) 31 8 32 1957 5 68 3 2) 3) 87

4) 88

89

1) 400 2) 3) 12 90

20 26 1951 10 1998 1998 2 3 1) 2) 3) 4) 47 1972 45 1970 91

30 1) 2) 1) 2) 92

3) [ ] 93

31 1956 8 31 1956 11 33 1958 34 1959 10 11 39 1964 40 1965 12 40 1965 3 42 1967 43 1968 9 34 1959 11 94

34 1959 11 35 1960 2 1 4 2 36 1961 3 4 38 1963 35 1960 36 1961 31 1956 8 32 1957 3 32 1957 4 34 1959 6 35 1960 11 3 95

1) 2) 43 1968 31 1956 12 34 1959 9 40 1965 3 3) 96

97 1) 31 1956 32 1957 34 1959 34 1959 11 12 2) 38 1963 1) 34 1959 12 39 1964 1 2)

1) 38 1963 40 1965 2) 3) 98

4) 1) 2) 99

100

36 1961 3 4 37 1962 8 38 1963 2 16 PHS 2 20 42 1967 6 39 1964 12 41 1966 3 40 1965 12 40 1965 6 42 1967 43 1968 1 42 1967 8 43 1968 5 43 1968 9 101

1) 2) 41 1966 4 63 44 1969 3) 42 1967 9 1 43 1968 1 1 4) 102

103

20 1945 25 1950 25 1950 10 27 1952 DOP 30 35 1960 35 1960 45,244 40 104

1950 41 1908 105

106

33 1958 9 3 34 1959 10 63 1988 2 29 107

108

34 1959 8 6 9 23 12 24 1) 2) PR 109

3) 41 1966 6 1) 2) 110

111

31 1956 11 32 1957 8 9 34 1959 12 1) 4 2 32 1957 8 33(1958) 7 33 1958 9 34 1959 9 34 1959 7 34 1959 11 37 1962 38 1963 32 1957 33 1958 34 1959 112

32 1957 34 1959 11 52 1977 6 32 1957 4 32 2) 4 113

114 22 65 4 65 2 1)

2) 38 1963 11 1) 90 2) 115

116

117 25 1950 30 1955 10 27 1952 DOP 30 1955 33 1958 34 1959 11 42 1967 7 21 45 1970 1)

2) 1) 2) PRTR ISO14000 ISO14001 118

ISO14000 1992 4 ISO International Standardize Organization ISO14000 JIS 3) 31 1956 54 17 4) 59 1984 119

120

31 1956 5 8 11 34 1959 1 34 1959 8 34 1959 11 10 11 12 35 1960 2 1 41 1966 11 43 1968 5 9 1) 121

2) 35 1960 3) 1) 2) 1) 122

2) 3) 123

124

29 1954 8 1 31 1956 5 8 34 1959 11 34 1959 30 38 1963 2 NIH PHS 1) 125

2) 35 1960 43 1968 37 1962 39 1964 35 1960 126

34 1959 11 2 100 1 35 34 1959 38 1963 2 1) 2) 52 1977 6 62 1987 3 1 34 1959 11 127

1) 34 1959 37 1962 38 1963 2 37 1962 35 1960 20 51 1976 2) 35 1960 38 1963 3) 128

129

32 1957 8 1 34 1959 11 25 78 2 3,400 11 28 12 12 12 25 12 30 42 1967 6 43 1968 1 130

131

34 1959 11 2 7 34 1959 11 9 43 1968 1 43 1968 6 8 17 34 1959 12 43 1968 132

133

34 1959 8 19 34 1959 11 2 4 34 1959 11 6 34 1959 37 1962 4 38 1963 1 43 1968 8 29 100 34 1959 134

135

30 34 1959 36 1961 3 1 2 6 16 37 1962 9 11 16 1) 30 2) 2 5 37 1962 3) 136

4) 137

12 138

PRTR 139

International Programme on Chemical Safety 10 140

1964 1966 1968 1970 15 1970 1970 1972 20 1979 &A 1995 NHK 50 26 NHK NHK 1995 1995 1996 40 1997 1999 1999 141