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2006 31m 2000 2006 7 2009 7 2013 5 10 1 2012 2 6 WG WG WG WG WG WG WG URL http://news-sv.aij.or.jp/tokubetsu/s22/ 2013 4 3 2013 12 2 WG 2 WG 2014 1

WG WG 2 (1) (2) (3) (4) 2

65 5 65 2 1) 1)5) 14 2 [] 1) 2012.8 2) 2013.3 3)2013.3 4) 2013.8 5) 23 2012.3 1) 4) 6 2) 4) 29 3

2012 6 2013 7 2 13 2013 5

1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 6) 7) 8) 9) 10) 11) 12) 13) 14) 1) 8) 2) 9) 3) 10) 4) 11) 5) 12) 6) 13) 7) 14) 7

300 20 2 Evac 2 20 9

3 Evac 1,500 1 101 1,010m/ Evac Evac 1 182kg 9.5kg 12

1.5m/ 0.81m/ Evac WTC 3 13

3 1,500 1 1 3.2.2.1 11 1 1,341 5 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 3.2.2.1 1,500 2 1 3.2.2.2 8 3 6,775 3 20 4 4 1 3 5 EV 19

EV 3 20 3.2.2.3 5 64,000 1 3 4 4 3.2.2.2 20

1 21

3.2 1 3.2 3.3.3.1 3.3.2.1 3 (a) (b) (c) t EV _ EVC N n1 H P n 2 V E n T D 2 Pn N D E E 1 tev _ EVC P n n n n V E T D N E D E 3.3.3.2 1 1 11 11 36.8 22

2 247.4 5 5 11 264.0 1 2 247.4 5 2 2037.0 34 1 8 [] 36.8 264.0 11 10 1 2 9 3 8 4 7 5 6 5 4 3 2 0 600 1,200 1,800 2,400 [] 247.4 2037.0 5 5 11 1 1 23

2.2 3.3.3.1 3657 27003500 784011760 4 8 32 34 3.0m/s 7.0m/s 1 1332 5 (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (a) (b)(a) 10 1000 (a) (c) 2 (b) (c) (d)(c) 24

50 7840 5 3.3.3.1 125 2650 4 32 2650 32 25 2650 4 25 125 4 50 5 110 4 10 8 50 4 102030 40 10 4 8 3.3.3.1 4 125 2650 18.1 18.2 25 35.2 7.4 50F 25F 1F 1F 1F 50F 40F 30F 20F 10F 1F 50F 25F 50F 40F 30F 20F 10F 1F 50F 25F 26

(e) (a)(d) 2 1 1 3.3.3.2 3.3.3.3 27

3.2 3.2 Evac 1)4) (a) (b) (a) (b) 28

492 2 3.3.3.4 3.3.3.12 3.3.3.5 100 SWFC 1100m GE1,2,4 89F SH2,3 78F SE2-14 54F SE1-14 30F 2F 1F 12 29

GB5004595 100 1 15 2 5.00 / 3 4 5 6 7 8 1.00 1.00 30

Michael J.Kinsey, Edwin R. Galea and Peter J. Lawrence : INVESTIGATING THE USE OF ELEVATORS FOR HIGH-RISE BUILDING EVACUATION THROUGH COMPUTER SIMULATION, Human Behaviour in Fire Symposium, pp.85-96, 2009 31

1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 1) 5) 2) 6) 3) 7) 4) 8) 1.1) 1.1) 1 1.1) 1.2) 33

1,574,979 20 19 1990 9 10,096 2013 8 8,547 1 19 91,186 2013.08 9,257 1994 262,273 2012 125,599 328,590 897,637 5 50 1973 2 1992 2 23 2 1 34

2003 5 21.5 10 2013 5 17.3 2 2 75 2011 50,900 6 30,500 23 2011 2008 14 154.4 3.6 1995 2.2 GH: 5. 35

2.3 2.4 36

(5 ) 3.1 (4 ) ( ) (a) ( WG ) 3.1(a) 2 2 ( 1.3 ) 3.1(b) (b) 3.1(a) 2 2 ( 1.3 ) 3.1(b) 24 ( WG ) 3.1) 37

ICU CCU NICU 3.2 3.3) 3.2) 38

( ) ( ) ) (*) (*) 83 (* 4.3 ) (*) ( ) P (*) (S.S. ) (*) (*) (2 ) (*) ( ) (*) ( ) ( 1 2 3.2 ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 1 ( 4.2) 1 2 1 3 1 2.5 1 2 2 3 1 1 3 2 2 3 3(4) 3 4 1 4 * * 1 3 2 ( ) 1 3 4.3.1 ( 39 ) 4.3 (1:1000) 4.1 ( ) ( ) 1 3 1 1 2 2 3 3 2 ( 4.1 ) ( 4.3 27 ) ( 4.1 ) 4.2 ( ) ( 4.1 ) ( ( ) ( 4.1 P=0 ) 4.1 1999 6 ) ( ) WG 39

A: ( ) B: 1( ) C: 2( ) ( ) ( ) D: ( ) D ( ) 4.1 ( ) 1 2 1 3 2 1 1 2.5 2 3 ( ) 2 1 4 4.2 ( ) 40

B) 2 ( B) 1 1 ( 4.1 4.1 C( 1-1 ) A( 1 +1 ) S( 2 +1 1 +2 ) (A S) ( ) 4.3.2 2 ( +2) [5] 53 (P=18) 2 ( +1 2 ) [5] 53 A [6] 63 As [6] 63 2 ( +2) ( +0.5) ( ) ( +0.5) SS [5] 53 1 ( -0.5) 2 ( +1) Ba [6] 63 3 1 1 2 ( +0.5) (3) 1 2 2 ( 2 ) 2 1 1 2 [7] 19 B [8] 60 3 ( +1) A 4.3 [ ] ( ) (1) 1 1 2 ( 4 ) 2 1 B 2 ( 1 ) [1] 52 1 ( -1) C [2] 67 [3] 78 2 B [4] 44 3 ( +1) A 3 ([1] 52 [3] 78 [4] 44) B [2] 67 ( -0.5) ( +0.5) B [4] 44 ( ) ( +0.5) Ba (2) 1 1 3 ( 2 ) 3 2 [7] 19 ( +0.5) Ba [8] 60 ( -0.5) Cb 1 2 2 ( [7] 19 66 ) [7] 19 2 1 4 ([24] 74 ) ( ) 2 ( +2) 2 ( +1) [8] 60 (1 3 ) 2 (25 35 ) (4) 1 2 2.5 ( 2 ) 2.5 ( ) 1 [9] 37 ( -1) 2 1 ( +1) B [10] 25 ( -1) 3 ( +1) 3 1 ( +2) S [6] 63 (P=0) [9] 37 1 42

0 10 20 50m P=21 P=19 4.3[1] 52(1 :40 1 2 1) ( ) 4.1 ( ) 2 ( 4.1 ) ( ) 1 2 0 10 20 50m P=36 P=12 4.3[2] 67(1 :48 1 2 2) 43

0 10 20 50m P=28 P=22 4.3[3] 78(1 :50 1 2 2) 0 10 20 50m P=25 P=30 4.3[4] 44 (1 :55 1 2 3) 44

0 10 20 50m P=20 P=18 P=12 4.3[5] 53(1 :50 1 3 1 2 4) 0 10 20 50m P=37 P=16 P=0 4.3[6] 63(1 :53 1 3 1 1 2) 45

0 10 20 50m P=38 P=66 4.3[7] 19(2 :104 1 2 2) 0 10 20 50m P=56 P=35 4.3[8] 60(2 :91 1 2 3) 46

0 10 20 50m P=41 P=41 P=0 4.3[9] 0 10 20 50m P=0 P=51 P=51 P=0 4.3[10] 47

( -0.5) ( ) ( +0.5) B [10] 25 1 ( -0.5) 1 ( +1) ( +0.5) ( +0.5) As [10] 25 ( ) 3 1 ) [11] 04 [12] 16 ([11] 04 1 ) ([11] 04 [12] 16 ) [12] 16 (6) 1 2 3 2 ( 2 ) 2 2 (5) 1 2 3 1 ( 6 ) 3 1 ( P=0) 2 [11] 04 [12] 16 [15] 77 [16] 85 ( ) 2 ( +2) ( -1) S([12] 16 [15] 77 [16] 85) A([11] 04) [13] 23 [14] 61 ( 14 52 ) 2 ( +1) (1 2-0.5 2 4 +1) ( -1) [13] 23 A [14] 61 Ba 4 ([12] 16 [13] 23 [14] 61 [15] 77) 2 ( +2) ( +0.5) ( +0.5) S Ss SS [11] 04 [16] 85 ( 1 ) 2 2 2 1 ( +1) 2 ( +2) [18] 73 1 2 ( 2 ) [17] 68 SS [18] 73 2 3 ( +0.5) ( -1) Ss [17] 68 1 [11] 04 [16] 85 2 ( +0.5) ( +0.5) A [18] 73 1 ( -0.5) 2 ( +1) ( +0.5) A [18] 73 ( 2 1 ) 2 (7) 1 2 3 3 ( 4 ) 3 3 ( +1) 4 ( +2) 3 4 1 ( +2 +3) (6) 2 2 ( +2) [21] 71 ( +0.5) ( +0.5) A Ba [13] 23(SS) ( ) ( ) 1 ( 2 ( 2 [18] 73 ) 4 [22] 32 SSSSSS( ) 3 [19] 26 [20] 27 SSSS [21] 71( -1) SSS 1 ( -0.5) 48

0 10 20 50m P=51 P=0 P=50 P=0 P=0 4.3[11] 04(2 :101 1 3 1 1) 0 10 20 50m P=0 P=48 P=50 4.3[12] 16(2 :98 1 3 1 2) 49

0 10 20 50m P=44 P=44 P=14 4.3[13] 23(2 :102 1 3 1 2 4) 0 10 20 50m P=21 P=52 P=21 50

0 10 20 50m P=43 P=0 P=43 4.3[15] 77(2 :86 1 3 1 3) 0 10 20 50m P=0 P=48 P=48 4.3[16] 85(2 :96 1 3 1 2) 51

0 10 20 50m P=0 P=45 P=45 P=0 4.3[17] 68(2 :90 1 3 2 2) 0 10 20 50m P=40 P=0 P=40 P=16 4.3[18] 73(2 :96 1 3 2 2 3) 52

0 10 20 50m P=0 P=50 P=50 P=0 P=0 4.3[19] 26(2 :100 1 3 3 3) 0 10 20 50m P=0 P=40 P=0 P=45 P=0 4.3[20] 27(2 :85 1 3 3 3) 53

0 10 20 50m P=6 P=42 P=0 P=42 P=0 4.3[21] 71(2 :90 1 3 3 : 3) 0 10 20 50m P=0 P=0 P=50 P=50 P=0 P=0 4.3[22] 32(2 :100 1 3 4 4) 54

0 10 20 50m P=23 P=38 4.3[23] 01(1 :60 1 4 : 4) 0 10 20 50m P=21 P=25 P=27 P=27 4.3[24] 74(2 :100 1 4 : 4) 55

0 10 20 50m P=41 P=0 P=45 4.3[25] 08(2 :86 1 5 : : 1 3) 0 10 20 50m P=50 P=0 P=50 P=0 P=0 P=0 4.3[26] 56

0 10 20 50m 4.3[27] 09(2 :94 1 7 : 2 4 7) P=0 0 10 20 50m P=34 P=34 P=18 P=12 4.3[27] 09(2 :94 1 7 : 2 4 7) 57

[19] 26 2 ( +2) ( +0.5) ( +0.5) Ss [21] 71 [22] 32 2 ( +1) ( +0.5) ( +0.5) [22] 32 As [21] 71 1 ( +1) Ss [20] 27 Cb [19] 26 ( 9m 6m) ( ) 4 [24] 74 1 ( -0.5) 2 ( +1) ( +0.5) A 7 [27] 09 7 3 1 ( -0.5) 2 ( +1) 3 ( +3) ( +0.5) SSS 5 [25] 08 [26] 05 1 2 7 [27] 09 1 12 34 1 1 (8) 1 2 4 ( 5 ) 3 (4 [23] 01 5 [25] 08 [26] 05) 1 (4 [24] 74) 1 (7 [27] 09) 4 [24] 74 A 1 (21 27 ) [27] 09 1 2 3 4 [23] 01 SSSS 5 [26] 05 SSSSS [25] 08 SSSS 4 [24] 74 ( -1) 4 ( +2) 2 ( +2) 2 1 ( +1) SSS 7 [27] 09 ( -1) ( ) 1 2 4 7 ( +2) 2 3 ( +2.5) 1 4 1 ( +1.5) SSSS 4.3 39 4.2 ( ) 1 1 ( 8 ) [6] 63(1 3 1 ) ( As SS) 1 2 ( 31 ) 1 20 27 SSSS Cb 25 08 26 05 27 09 SSSS SSSSS SSS 5 [26] 05 [25] 08 3 ( +3)( 2 ) ( +0.5) ( +0.5) SSS 4 [23] 01 2 ( +2) ( +0.5) Ss 6. 58

5.1) 5.2) 5.3) 1 ( 5.1) 15 2 17 (1) 170 897 400 11 2 1 2 2 1 1 92 78 3 10 4 (2) 1 5.2 7 2 5.1) 1 5.2) 5.4) 3 1 4 20 (3) 5.4 5.3 7 0 10 12.3 34.1 62

(4) 5.5 (5) 70 5.6 95 70 60 5 ( 5.2 ) 63

1: ( 2,3 ) 2: 3: 4: ( ) 5: ( ) 20 2,12 20 ( 5.3) ) 5.2 5.7 20 40% 59% 24% 38% 50 73 38% 61% ( 12 4 ) 8 (1 3 ) ( 19 ) 17% 30 49% 5 ) ( 5.4) 60 75 40 60 20 30 64

1441 12 (1) (t start_aid ) 6.1 PHS (48 [ ]) t detect [sec] 6.1) l 1 [m] v [ ] k 1 k 2 (2) [m/sec] l 2 [m] (3) (4) 6.1) 6.1 6.2) 6.1) t pre [sec] t pre 0sec l 3 [m] v aid [m/sec] N 1 [ ] P d [ ] P staff [ ] k 1 6.1) 6.3) 65

f1 f2 (2) 6.1 1.00m/sec 48 0 6.2 3 (1) 2 6.3) (a) 6.2 2.5m 2.1m 2.1 (2) (b) 400 600 6.2) (3) 2.0m 6.2 2 200 6.3) 960MJ/m 2 0.0241kW/sec 2 0.2429 kw/sec 2 6.3 240MJ/m 2 6.3 30 30 20 0.0140kW/sec 2 0.0381 kw/sec 2 0.2569 kw/sec 2 20 6.3 66

(4) 20 90m 2 6.4 1m 2 (a) 180m 3 / 1m 2 1.0m 3 / 180m 2 100m 2 (b) 1m 2 130 m 2 0.02m 2 /m 2 1/50 0.02m 2 130 m 2 6.5 1.0m 3 / 60m 2 1/50 50m 2 1.25/50 20 6.6 A 4 A1 48 0 24 A 6.6 (a) ( 50m 2 1.0m 3 / /m 2 ) 6.4) A1 42m 4 6.4 1.80 10 6.2 7.9 80m 11.3 70m A 10.0 1.8 7.9 11.3 279m 2 (b) ( 60m 2 1/50) 1m 2 1.0m 3 / 1/50 6.4 20 B 67

1.1) 2000 1.2) 1.2) 5.1) 10 2 5.2) 78 1 10 2 5.3) 5.5) 5.8) ( ) ( ) A: B: C: 1 20,19 A: 6,072 B: 1,894 A: 3,547 B: 1,106 A: 9,216 B: 3,000 12 (1980 ) A: 2,935 B: 1,472 A: 2,103 B: 1,054 02 A: 1,995 B: 0,589 A: 0,228 B: 0,058 5.4) 3 ( 25 9 ) 6.1) t detect Q detect ( 1) Q detect Alpert ( 2) 6.5) T e [ ] T g [K] Q [kw] H [m] r [m] T g r H [K] u [m/sec] RTI [m 1/2 sec 1/2 ] T e 72 0.014kW/sec 2 240MJ/m 2 0.0241kW/sec 2 960MJ/m 2 0.2429kW/sec 2 H 2.5 Q 0.0381t 2 kw Q 0.2569t 2 kw r 2.6 RTI 38m 1/2 sec 1/2 1 72 586kW(124 ) 956kW(61 ) 6.6) Ts [K] A w [ ] kpc [kw sec 1/2 /m 2 ] t [sec] Q detect [kw/sec 2 ] r [m] T detect [K] H f [m] 6.2) Alpert 6.5) [kw] 440 470 6.3) Zn 16 18 6.7) 0.16 kw sec 1/2 / 1/2 2 1 69

s 0.525kg/m 3 0 1.205kg/m 3 0.68 kg/m 3 B 1.3m 0.35 Q H 2.1[m] T s [K] T 0 293[K] [ ] B [m] g 9.8[m/sec 2 ] s [kg/m 3 ] [kg/m 3 ] 12 1441 1 W, H [m] W1.3 H2.1 W0.9 H2.1 0.5 5 346kW 360kW 1.0 5 600kW 714kW 73kW 76kW 8kW 12kW 10 750kW 1 30 2 20 6.8) 1m 2kW/m 2 5 6 6.9) 1.1) Q 0.01 0.007 0.10 0.070 5 0.50 0.350 5 1.00 0.700 c p 1.0[kJ/kg K] 400 T s 673K 20 T 0 293K H 2.1m Z n 70

1.1) 1995.7 1.2) 2013.8 3.1) 5 ) pp.81 84 2012.9 3.2) 3.3) ( 2000.1 5.1) 19 43 pp.971 975 2013.10 346 1984.12 5.2) Vol.35, No.6, pp.27-32, 1985.12 5.3) 5.4) 5.5) 5.6) 5.7) 5.8) 19 42 pp.601 604 2013.6 1992.3 42 4 4 NO.551, 14 1 2 ( ) 22 ( ) 25 6.1) 22 WG2 2011.3. 6.2) pp.95 1989.1 6.3) 6.4) BRI2002 6.5) 6.6) 6.7) 6.8) 6.9) 2005.4 2002.1 19 42 pp.601 604 2013.6 2007.12 2003.2 20 21 3 pp.253 254 2009.8 71

1) 5) 2) 6) 3) 7) 4) 8) 93

23,000 226 2.1) 1970 200 3 13,170 160 2.2) 1970 250 24 4 1 911 2.3) 6 6 1 7 12 35 6 2.2-1 1 2 20 60 1 2 25 2 3 2.2-1 2.2-1 94

2.2-2 8 1 30 13 8 2 19 2.3-1 2 32 2.3-2 2 2.3-3 33 2.3-4 45 2 1 2.5m² 24 2.3-5 23 95

1 2.4-1 20 2 30 1/4 2 2.4-22.4-3 20 3 2 6 2 3 1/4 3 2 353 80 32 4 4 3 35 96

3 2.1) 24 http://www.nippo.or.jp/howto/ 2.2) 24 12 2.3) 24 4 1 1 B 3.2-1 8 18 4 1,729 1,611 856.2 ( or ) 0 1 2 3 9 15 18 24 20 4 27 5 27 120 3.1-1 3 7 00 18 00 7 00 16 00 18 00 20 00 ( or ) 8 8 46 120 10 150 3.2-1 97

(or ) 12 9 73 0 1 2 3 4 5 3 2 1 6 (10 ) 4 1 3 3 0 3 1 1 5 1 1 5 2 5 18 20 2 7 30 20 00 7 30 15 00 70 2 3.2-2 8 2 1 3.2-3 6 46 98

18 4 4 636 5 855 6 261 ( or ) 6 0 1 2 3 4 5 18 20 24 28 30 30 150 45 40 8 30 16 30 7 00 8 30 16 30 19 00 23 8 30 11 30 700 8 30 11 30 16 00 160119 00 23 1 2 5 11 3 KE SU 1 2 3 4 1 3 0 2 1 KE SU 2 1 99

2012 7 2 A8 11 8 B 1 A 0 4 2 1 2 B 0 1 2 (7 ) A B 1 B 2 A 02 1 35 2 3 100 4.2-1 A 4.2-2 B

4 B 3 1 1 25 01 2 02 35 3 2 A 17 B 15 1 0 ( A 3 A 0 4 1 1 2 1 8 1 1 45 B 0 4 50 (2) 3 4 A 3 1.0m/s 4 1.3m/s 5 1.2m/s 1.9m/s 1.68 m/s 5 B 2 75 0.7m/s 25 1.1~1.3m/s 31.8m/s 4 1.3m/s 5 1.3m/s (3) 4 5 3 0.3m/s 4 5 0.6m/s 35 3 45 23 0.15m/s 45 4 0.4m/s 5 0.5m/s 1 5234 23 ( 3 ) 4 2 543 101

2 5 4 3 10 8 4 10 8 5 10 8 3 6 6 6 2 4 4 4 1 2 2 2 0 0.4 0.8 1.2 1.6 2 2.4 2.8 [m/s] 0 0.4 0.8 1.2 1.6 2 2.4 2.8 [m/s] 0 0.4 0.8 1.2 1.6 2 2.4 2.8 [m/s] 0 0.4 0.8 1.2 1.6 2 2.4 2.8 [m/s] 4.2-3 [: A: B] 2 15 3 15 4 10 8 5 15 10 10 6 10 5 5 4 2 5 0 0.1 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.9 1 1.1 [m/s] 0 0.1 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.9 1 1.1 [m/s] (4) 2 1.01.3m/s 2 3 3 0 0.1 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.9 1 1.1 [m/s] 4.2-4 [: A: B] 0 0.1 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.9 1 1.1 [m/s] B 0.60.78m/s B 23 1/5 4 5 3/4 (1) 1 A 01 25 B 01 3 (7 ) 01 102

(2) AB 2 5 2 0 1 2 A B 01 3 2 :0 :1 A (3) A 1 02 0 1 23 B 1 01 0 1 01 2 2 5 5 5 E 5 2 3 4 5 2 3 34 3 3 34 ( B (4) A 3 2 4 5 3 3 B 103

0 1 1 2 2 (1) 6 3 B 25 (2) A B 2 B 1 A AB A B 8 13 6 () 4.3-2 4.3-3 7 A 1 3 B 12 7 104

A B A B A 6 105

01 B 1 A 3 B B 1 B 0 60 150 30 8 56 8 8 120 5 6 50 6 5 6 EV 10 8 5 106

( 30 ) 0.5m/ 0.12m/ 0.02 1.0~1.3m/ 0.6~0.78m/ 3 1.0m/ 0.15m/ 0.04 0.42m/ 0.05 0.67m/ 0.09 2~5 107

0 1 B 0 1 1 5 2 0.5 m/s 0.12 m/s 35 2 1.0m/ 3 0.15m/4 0.42m/5 0.67m/ 2 108

() 2.3-4 109

110

0 1 2 3 4 5 8 12 12 28 26 31 117 3 3 3 3 3 2 8 25 2 2011 12 5 1 0,1,2 1 3,4 2 1 5 2 1 2 3 4 5 16 20 35 31 33 135 26 2011 12 21 1 0,1,2 1 3 2 1 4,5 1 111

0 1 2 3 4 5 2011.12.12 13 20 27 33 32 34 9 168 2012.7.24 16 28 30 36 36 36 10 192 8 8 7 5 4 3 3 38 1 2 1 2011 12 12 1 012 1 3 1 4 5 2 2012 7 24 1 012 1 3 2 4 5 2 112

0 1 2 3 4 5 12 18 24 27 27 27 4 4 6 3 2 1 5 1 1 2 1 1 2012 8 2 5 8 E C 7 7 7 0,1 0 1 C 7 2345 E 7 2012 11 2 D E 012 E 345 D 7 KI 6 5 5 6 EV 4 4 5 230 EV 1 1 1 2 113

EV 2 1 1 2 1 1.1.5 1 54 3 2013 1 0 8 4 1 10 3 2 9 2 3 7 4 7 3 5 8 1.1.6 5 2 1 25 1 24 10 10 30 5 1 6 0 1 1 2 1.1.7 0 1 2 1 2 35 114

1 3 4 5 0 1 3 4 5 4 1 1 5 3 5 3 5 ( 1-2-2 ) 115

116

0 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 1 2 1 3 1 4 5 1 1 117

118

0 1 2 3 5 3 1 2 2 1 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 119

120

121

0 1 2 5 0 1 4 6 1 2 3 4 5 1 0 4 2 1 7 1 0 1 7 1 0 5 1 7 7 5 1 7 1 7 122

123

124

125

0 1,2 1 2 1 1 2 2 2 3 4 5 1 2 0 1 2 3 1,2 2 1 2 4 2 1 2 4 2 7 4 7 5 7 126

127

128

1) 2) 3) 5) 6) 7) 1) 5) 2) 6) 3) 7) 4) 2 3 2 3 1 124 124 124 129

2 2 2 2000 WG 1) 124 100m 2 60cm 130

2.12.3 2.4 2.6 2.72.9 2.12.3 2.42.6 1 2.72.9 1 9 2 80,000m 2 11 15 67 8 9 2.1 9 7 8 5 1 60,000m 2 1 2 3 30,000m 2 2.2 3% 6 60,000m 2 1 2 3 14,000m 2 1 2.3 3 2.4 182 37 1 3 9 2 1 131

2.4 4.2%2%2 3 3% 4 1 1 8 5.6 2.7 930% 1 /m 2 1 0.027 1 0.011 2.7 118 1 114 8 104 1 0.0370.023 0.102 1 2.5 50 32 1 5 404 1 368 3 253 2 2.5 1.0% 2.8 10 10% 132

2.6 3 2.9 100 2.6 1.6% 2.9 3 21.6% 0.0183 0.0151 0.0022 1 1) 2013.4 2) 20112012 133

6 IC 2cm 2cm 134

6 1 1 0.102 /m 2 0.027 /m 2 0.6m 2 / 0.2m 2 / 100m 2 5.16m 2 3.1 14 8 6 2 50m60m 3,000 m 2 135

0.5 /m 2 8 3,000m 2 0.5/m 2 1,500 A B 750 124 3,000/1000.6m18m 8 1 18/82.25m 8 3.1 30m2 15m 124 3,000/100 0.27m8.1m 8.1/81.0125m 2.5m2.25m 1.8m 1.5 /m A750/1.5 3.6138.9 B 750/1.510.846.3 2m 2 2750 54.8 A 138.9 3.1 B A A 2000 3.2 JR 3 JR 3 3.2 6p.60 136

3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 1 1 1 3.7 137

3.8 3.7 3.8 9p.8 16 3.8 2013 3.9 3.10 2m 2m 138

123 1m 2 2 1 1 2 4m 1/12 75cm 2m 1.5m 4m 2 1) AA=4m1248m 4m 5 40075 5.33B B 2m510m 1 2 2m CC2m 24m 1 ABC4810462 m 2) 1 3.11 180 248332m 62m 3) 2 3.12 238 222m1 10m 2 139

ICU 5% 1977 32 3 120.785m 2,048.80m 2 1 5 612 1321 2226 2732 3.13 3.14 3.15 1979 16 4 91m 38 3.16 3.17 140

12p.61 3-11 12p.61 3-11 1981 32 4 140m 2,840m 2 3.18 3.19 14p.8 3 1985 17 3 1,471.84m 2 1,000m 2 3.20 2 3 1 1 3 3.21 141

3.22 14m 2 5cm 1985 10 3.23 3.24 1,500mm 142

1999 3 2 3 1/13 120cm 150cm 3.25 4.5m 94m 3.26 3.27 3 NPO 2005 7 2 NPO 3 4 4 3.28 1/13 120cm 150cm 3.29 1990 7 2,000 2 841 7 2 7 5 19m 143

4m 3.30 2 3.31 55 58 1955 1958 7 55 58 13.323.33 3.34 2014 2005 3.35 3.36 2 1 1/12 80m 3.37 7 55 58 144

2001 23 3.38 3.39 120cm 1/16 860cm 225cm 45m 3.40 3.41 145

201312 8 3.1 1689 21 3 1617 7 1721 1618 1920 *1 *2 146

1) 2cm 24 2cm 25JIS 12.515cm 23cm 2cm 26 2) 3) 0.6m 2 / 560mm 950mm 1 3.1 1.2m 2 27 2 2.12.1 900mm 1,200mm=1.08m 2 1 4) 1) 5) 124 1 100m 2 27cm 36cm 6) 7) 123 2 1 m 2 2 2m 1) 34 pp.529-5321994.6 2) 18 2003.10.28 3) 298 pp.2-72002.11 4) 21 pp.40-59 2012.3.5 5) p.1311995 6) 2001 7) pp.271-2721995 8) No.395p.28 1999.6 9) 431 pp.2-102013.12 10) 1 541 pp.101-1082001.3 11) 1977 11 pp.175-184 12) 1980 12 pp.230-238 13) 1981 14) Vol.31 No.2 131 pp.4-121981.4 15) 1981 4 pp.145-160 16) 1985 11 pp.234-242 17) 1985 8 12 pp.132-135 18) 1994 4 pp.124-132 19) 1991 1 pp.259-277 20) 2005 11 pp.58-77 21) pp.33-42 2012.12.2 22) 216 pp.30-352004.1 23) 431 pp.30-35 2013.12 24) p.35 1981 25) pp.109-110 1993 26) p.261996 27) 24 147

100m 2 5.16m 2 4.1 5 124 1,500m 2 2m 1) 2013.4 2) 25 814 25 9 27 148

150 149

僅 150

151

152

迂迂 153

154

155

156

汲 157

1 僅 1 3-8 158

3-7 159

160

161

162

163

164

杖杖 165

166

167

ID 2 120 200 2 450 2 60 2 1000 400 2 35 168

摺 169

170

2F (11) (12) (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) (18) (19) EV (20) 2 1 h B h W 3F (21) (22) (23) (24) (25) (26) (27) (28) (29) EV (30) h B h W 1 2 1 h B h W 1 2 1 1 + 2 1 2 h B hw 1 1 171

(1) (1) (2) (5) (3) (4) (5) 0 50 100 200m (3) (4) (2) 1 2 172

173

174

梗樋樋 5 175

T. Nishino, M. Ouchi, S. Tsuburaya, T. Tanaka, A. Hokugo, Emergency Evacuation of Fukushima Residents Living in the Vicinity of Nuclear Power Station, Proceedings of International Symposium on Engineering Lessons Learned from the Giant Earthquake, 2012.3 2 梗 4-10Tanaka, T., (2012) Characteristics and Problems of Fires following the Great East Japan Earthquake in March 2011, Fire Safety Journal 54: 197-202 4-11Hokugo, A., Nishino, T. and Inada, T.: Damage and Effects Caused by Tsunami Fires: Fire Spread, Fire Fighting and Evacuation, Fire Science and Technology, Vol.30, No.4, pp.117-137, 2012 http://blogs.yahoo.co.jp/kumaya2000/66267187.html http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-cliplw6fms http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0m3c_dklr2y 176

WG 1), 2, 3), 4), 5), 6), 7), 8), 9) 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8) 9) 1. ( )( ) WG 5 WG WG 2. ( ) 1) 1 3. (C)(G)(R) 1),2) 1() (M P) 2 3 (1)(M) :M - :M - :M - ():M - ():M - ():M - ():M - ()():M - ():M - ():M - (2)(P) :P :P :P ():P :P :P :P :P 3.1 ()() () 3 3 2 Cb Cf Cb 2 Cf 4 Cb :Cb-p :Cb-m Cf :Cf-v:Cf-h :Cf-t:Cf-s :Cf-c :Cf-m () 177

1 1 2) 178

3.1.1 ()(Cb-m) (Cf-m) ( 3 ) P -P -P - 3.1.2 (Cb-p) (Cb-p Cb-m) (Cb-p) (1) () (Cf-h) ( 3 ) P Cb-pCf-h (2) () (Cf-v) ( 3 ) P P Cb-pCf-v (3) ( ) () (Cf-t) () (Cf-s) () () ( 3 ) P P Cb-pCf-tCf-s ()() (4) (Cf-v) (Cf-t) ( 3 ) P P Cb-pCf-vCf-t (5)() ()() (Cf-c) (VOCA) ( 3 ) P Cb-pCf-c 3.1.3 () (Cb-p) () () 3.1.2 () (Cf-v)( 179

) (Cf-h) (Cf-c) ( 3 ) P P Cb-pCf-hCf-vCf-c 3.2 ( ) ( Gb-p) (Gf-v, Gf-h)( ) ( 58 :)( 62 :)( 57 : :)( )() () ( 11 ) (Gf-m) ( ) 2 Gb Gf Gb 2 Gf 5 Gb :Gb-p :Gb-m Gf ( ) :Gf-v (, ) :Gf-h ( ) :Gf-t :Gf-c ( ) :Gf-m ( 3 ) P P P P P P Gb-pGb-m Gf-vGf-hGf-tGf-mGf-c 3.3 6 2 Rb Rf Rb 6 Rf 4 Rb :Rb-p :Rb-m 4 :Rb-w : :Rb-u : :Rb-t : :Rb-s : Rf : :Rf-s : : :Rf-e : : :Rf-c : : :Rf-r : 3.3.1 () () (Rb-w) () (Rf-s) 180

114 ( ) ( 3 ) M -M -M -M -M -Rb-wRf-s 3.3.2 ( )(Rb-u) (Rf-e) (3.2) ( 3 ) M -Rb-wRf-e 3.3.3 ( ) ( WG 1 ) (1) (2) ( ) () ( )( WG 2 ) (3) () ( WG 1 ) (4) () ( WG 2 ) (1)(4)( 3 )M -M - M -M -M -M -M -M -Rb-wRf- (M -)()( 2 ) 2 3) 181

() ( 1 ) WG ( WG 2 ) ( WG 4 ) ()( )(M -) () (1) a) ( 2 ) () () b) ( WG ) c) () (2) a) ( ) b) () ( ) (M -) () () (M -) (M -) 1 ( 5 ) 3.3.4 ( ) 2 () 2 (1) ( WG 4 ) ( WG 2 ) (2) 182

( WG 2 ) (1) (2)(3 ) M-M-Rb-w Rf-r 4. 1) 18 : 14 10 2):: : 216 : 16 3): : 42 4 : 4 183

2 184

185

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