(11) - CDN 2002.07.02 E-Mail: katto@katto.comm.waseda.ac.jp

n n n 1 ( ) (a) ( ) (b)

IP (1) (S,G): S: G: IGMP Join/Leave D 224.0.0.0 239.255.255.255

IP (2) Shortest Path Tree Shared Tree Shortest Path Tree : (S, G) (S) (S,G) Shared Tree : (*, G) (S) (S, G) (*, G)

IP (3) DVMRP version 3 Prune Prune Prune Prune ( ) (S, G) Prune Graft Graft Graft ( ) Graft (S, G)

IP (4) PIM-SM Join Join ( ) Join Join (*, G) Prune Prune Prune Prune ( ) (*, G)

IP (5) SSM Any Source ASM (Any Source Multicast: ) (R2, G) G (S1, G) (S2, G) (many-to-many) Source Specific (S1, G) (R2, G) (R1, G) (S2, G) SSM: (S, G) (one-to-many) (R1, G) (232.0.0.0 232.255.255.255)

IP (6) DVMRP (S, G) PIM-SM (S, G) (*, G) ( ) SSM (S, G) 1 1 IGMP v3 subscribe PIM-SM (PIM-SSM)

(1) (1) WWW HTTP WWW Web IGMP IP Multicast

(2) (2) SAP SAP: Session Announcement Protocol (SDP) SAP (by IP Multicast) IGMP IP Multicast

( ) ( )

3 or SNR EI EP EP I B P B P B 1 2 SNR SNR 1

(1) Receiver-Driven Layered Multicast Leave (= )

Join Experiment (2) Join Leave ( ) 4 detection time Join Leave 3 2 Join Join 1 2 join timer *= ( ) 1 join timer ( )

Shared Learning (3) Join R H R L R L S R L Join R L R L Join Join Join

(4) RLM Join ( ) Steady S Join ( ) Hysterisis H Join D Drop M ( ) Measurement

(1) ( ) P2P (Peer-to-Peer) (S)

(2) P2P

CDN Content Delivery Network

CDN & CDN #1 #n

(1) L3 L3 ( )

(2) L4 L4 Web (80 ) (RTSP: 554 ) ( : L4 ) ( L3 )

(3) L4/L7 L4/L7 (URL) (URL: L7 )

(4) Delayed Bound (1) L4/L7 #1 #2 SYN/ACK SYN ACK HTTP GET SYN/ACK SYN ACK TCP Delayed Bound SYN/ACK SYN ACK HTTP GET #1 HTTP GET #2

(5) Delayed Bound (2) L4/L7 #1 #2 Data #1 Data #2 Data #1+ #2 #1 #2 = Aggregate

& #1 ( ) #n &

(1) DNS (1) CDN s DNS DNS #1 DNS DNS DNS #n (surrogate) DNS

(2) DNS (2)

(3) DNS + L4 CDN s DNS #1 (surrogate) DNS DNS DNS DNS L4 ( ) DNS

(4) URL (L7 ) CDN s L7 #1 rtsp://server-n #n (surrogate) URL

(5) URL (2)

(6)

(7) Akamai FreeFlow L7 rtsp://x.akamai.net/y/stream.com/content1.rm #1 #n (surrogate)

(8) CDN full-site:

CDN #1 #1 #2 CDN #2 #1 #2 CDN

P2P CDN CDN P2P CDN #1 peer #2 #1 #2 peer #1 peer #3 #2 peer #4 peer peer...

Mobile IP (1) Mobile IPv4 ( ) CN (Corresponding Node) HA (Home Agent) Registration (CoA) FA (Foreign Agent) MN (Mobile Node) Router Advertisement (MN: ) (CoA: )

Mobile IP (2) Mobile IPv4 ( ) CN (Corresponding Node) HA (Home Agent) MN CN CoA MN FA (Foreign Agent) MN (Mobile Node) (MN: ) (CoA: )

( ) Reverse Tunneling Mobile IP (3) Mobile IPv4 ( ) MN (Mobile Node): CoA (Care of Address): ( ) HA (Home Agent): FA (Foreign Agent): CN (Corresponding Node): MN FA CoA (Discovery: Advertisement, DHCP ) MN HA CoA (Registration) CN HA MN (Delivery) MN MN MN CN

Mobile IP (4) Route Optimization ( ) CN (Corresponding Node) HA (Home Agent) Binding Update (CoA) CN Registration (CoA) FA (Foreign Agent) MN (Mobile Node) MN CoA

Mobile IP (5) Fast Handover (1) CN (1) (2) FA #1 FA #2 MN (1) MIP (HMIP) (2) (3)

Mobile IP (6) Fast Handover (2) MIP CN HA MAP FA MAP: Mobility Anchor Point AR: Access Router AR1 AR2 AR3 AR4 Regional Registration MN

Mobile IP (7) Fast Handover (3) Buffering Bi-casting CN CN Old FA New FA Old FA New FA MN MN

Mobile IP (8) Mobile IPv6 ( ) CN (Corresponding Node) HA (Home Agent) MN CN + Binding Update (CoA) Registration (CoA) IPv6 Router FA (Foreign Agent) IPv6 MN CoA MN (Mobile Node) (MN: ) (CoA: )

Mobile IP (9) Mobile IPv6 ( ) IPv4 FA IPv6 Stateless Address Autoconfiguration Home Address Option MN CoA Destination Option Binding Update Route Optimization IPv6 MIPv6 MN CoA (Stateless Address Autoconfiguration ) MN HA CoA (MIP Registration) CN HA MN MN Binding Update CN MN CN HA

(1) SIP (1) CN SIP Location Server SIP Invite 302 Client Moved SIP Invite (CN MN) 200 OK (MN CN) Registration DHCP Server MN

(2) SIP (2) CN SIP Location Server Re-registration MN Moves (MN CN) SIP Re-Invite (CN MN) 200 SIP OK (MN CN) Old AR New AR MN

L3/L4 ( ) L7 ) IP L7 (P2P ) CDN L3/L4 L7 P2P CDN L3 (Mobile IP) L7 (SIP Mobility) L3/L4 L7 L3/L4