25 D Effects of viewpoints of head mounted wearable 3D display on human task performance 1140322 2014 2 28
D HMD HMD HMD HMD 3D HMD HMD HMD HMD i
Abstract Effects of viewpoints of head mounted wearable 3D display on human task performance Saki KITAYAMA Nowadays, many people can enjoy head mounted display (HMD) with low cost. It is going to be popular that we use HMD for not only to view just some contents but perform some specific operation with the movie associated with the observer s movement taken by an attached camera. In medical practice, 3D HMD devices are already used for endoscopic surgery. The position of a camera attached to HMD in such a situation can be manipulated to better view for operation. However, it is not clear that how changing viewpoint have an effect on human behaviors. In this study, the effects of inconsistency between the visual image through HMD and body/head orientation on the performance of usual task were investigated through two experiments. The task in Experiment 1was to walk on the line drawn on the floor and the task in Experiment 2 was to trace the line with pen wearing HMD. The results showed that the significant effect of the manipulation of the orientation of camera was found in Experiment 1 while the significant effect of the manipulation of the head orientation was found in Experiment 2. These results suggest that the factors which affect the performance with different viewpoint wearing HMD depend on the tasks. key words HMD, walking, tracing, view point ii
1 1 1.1.................................. 1 2 1 2 2.1................................... 2 2.2...................................... 2 2.3.................................... 4 2.4.................................... 4 2.5...................................... 7 2.5.1............................. 8 2.5.2................................ 12 2.6...................................... 15 3 2 16 3.1................................... 16 3.2...................................... 16 3.3.................................... 16 3.4.................................... 17 3.5...................................... 18 3.5.1............................. 20 3.5.2................................ 23 3.6...................................... 27 4 28 iii
29 30 iv
2.1.......................... 3 2.2 Web.................................. 3 2.3 HMD..................................... 3 2.4.................................... 3 2.5 HMD............................. 3 2.6............................. 5 2.7................................ 5 2.8........................ 6 2.9.......................... 6 2.10...................... 7 2.11........................ 7 2.12 A (....................... 10 2.13 B...................... 10 2.14 C...................... 10 2.15 D...................... 10 2.16 E...................... 11 2.17 F...................... 11 2.18 G...................... 11 2.19 H...................... 11 2.20 I....................... 11 2.21 J....................... 11 2.22 A (......................... 13 2.23 B......................... 13 v
2.24 C......................... 13 2.25 D......................... 13 2.26 E......................... 13 2.27 F......................... 13 2.28 G......................... 14 2.29 H......................... 14 2.30 I......................... 14 2.31 J......................... 14 3.1................................ 17 3.2.............................. 18 3.3........................ 18 3.4................... 18 3.5...................... 19 3.6 A (.................... 21 3.7 B.................... 21 3.8 C.................... 21 3.9 D.................... 21 3.10 E.................... 21 3.11 F.................... 21 3.12 G.................... 22 3.13 H.................... 22 3.14 I.................... 22 3.15 J.................... 22 3.16 A (....................... 25 3.17 B...................... 25 vi
3.18 C...................... 25 3.19 D...................... 25 3.20 E...................... 26 3.21 F...................... 26 3.22 G...................... 26 3.23 H...................... 26 3.24 I....................... 26 3.25 J....................... 26 vii
2.1.................................... 5 2.2.............. 9 2.3 cm................... 12 3.1............ 20 3.2 pixel............... 24 viii
1 1.1 HMD HMD D HMD HMD HMD [9] HMD HMD 2 1
2 1 2.1 1 2.2 2.1 POLHEMUS FASTRAK HMD 2.3 3 HMZ-T3W SONY 1280 720 320g 45 20m 750 Web 2.2 LifeCam HD-3000 Microsoft 2 2.4 Simpring (ibuffalo SRTK01BK MATLAB+Psychtoolbox[10][11] Microsoft Excel 2010 R Web HMD 6cm Web LEGO Web FASTRAK 2
2.2 2.1 2.2 Web 2.3 HMD 2.4 2.5 HMD 3
2.3 2.3 10 8 2 20-22 21.2 2.4 2.5 Web HMD 2.6 1m 1m 2.7 1 1 1 5 10 1 2.4 6 HMD 7 2.8 2.8 2.9 MATLAB Shuffle 2.1 2.2 4
2.4 : y = ax + b (2.1) = (y (a x ) b) 1 + a 2 (2.2) ( ) ( ) 2.1 HMD - - - - - - - 2.6 2.7 5
2.4 2.8 2.9 6
2.5 2.5 2.10 2.11 2.10 2.11 7
2.5 2.5.1 2.2 2.12 2.21 2.10 HMD 7 1 HMD (F(6, 9) = 7.43, p < 0.01) Bonferroni - (p < 0.05) - (p < 0.05) - (p < 0.05) 2 (F(6, 18) = 6.47, p < 0.01) Shaffer (p < 0.01) (p < 0.05) 8
2.5 2.2 A 9.39 11.08 10.33 10.81 11.83 11.36 13.75 B 8.96 16.43 14.59 13.88 13.69 12.39 11.85 C 8.17 13.48 9.70 10.74 14.73 13.27 14.27 D 9.30 11.05 11.86 11.41 10.91 9.83 11.11 E 11.04 12.35 10.90 12.10 12.38 12.38 11.35 F 11.70 16.06 13.07 15.82 13.70 12.95 15.59 G 10.63 13.81 12.93 13.36 13.86 12.53 15.03 H 7.18 7.85 7.32 7.68 8.21 9.26 7.89 I 11.44 12.95 10.94 12.86 11.43 10.53 12.08 J 9.38 11.34 10.78 11.14 11.47 10.51 10.87 9
2.5 2.12 A ( 2.13 B 2.14 C 2.15 D 10
2.5 2.16 E 2.17 F 2.18 G 2.19 H 2.20 I 2.21 J 11
2.5 2.5.2 2.3 2.22 2.31 2.11 7 1 (F(6, 9) = 1.22, p = 0.306) 2 (F(1, 9) = 0.26, p = 0.621 : F(2, 18) = 0.32, p = 0.728) 2.3 cm A 2.71 2.97 3.00 3.30 3.07 2.73 3.09 B 2.52 3.26 3.52 2.57 2.84 3.13 2.53 C 1.85 2.47 2.56 1.99 2.78 4.08 2.92 D 2.31 4.05 3.66 3.40 2.48 2.85 2.88 E 1.83 2.39 2.08 1.91 2.03 1.73 2.19 F 1.98 2.07 1.33 2.08 1.88 1.99 1.61 G 3.19 2.56 2.68 2.60 2.96 2.20 2.90 H 2.06 2.34 1.74 1.72 1.75 2.28 1.68 I 1.99 2.93 2.73 3.04 2.72 3.20 2.65 J 2.00 1.82 1.90 2.38 1.64 1.90 2.17 12
2.5 2.22 A ( 2.23 B 2.24 C 2.25 D 2.26 E 2.27 F 13
2.5 2.28 G 2.29 H 2.30 I 2.31 J 14
2.6 2.6 - - - HMD 15
3 2 3.1 3.2 Slim Pen Tablet Princeton 3.1 (ELECOM TK2-BT3H) HMD Web 3.3 10 6 4 21-22 21.6 16
3.4 3.1 3.4 HMD 3.2 1 1 1 5 10 1 MATLAB Shuffle 2.2 17
3.5 3.3 3.2 3.5 3.4 3.5 3.4 18
3.5 3.5 19
3.5 3.5.1 3.1 3.6 3.15 3.4 7 1 (F(6, 9) = 1.80, p = 0.115) 2 (F(1, 9) = 9.62, p < 0.05) 3.1 A 5.72 6.02 5.48 6.16 5.29 7.60 8.03 B 10.19 7.97 8.01 11.95 10.92 10.06 8.86 C 6.29 9.55 7.99 6.30 7.36 9.26 8.69 D 7.04 5.64 6.76 6.47 4.95 4.29 8.97 E 5.32 5.06 4.45 5.59 3.82 7.31 6.62 F 6.11 6.44 5.56 5.77 5.70 6.47 6.28 G 10.64 7.94 9.89 8.38 9.82 9.32 11.97 H 5.86 6.29 5.14 6.10 5.37 5.98 5.80 I 2.55 3.16 2.92 2.63 2.97 3.00 3.34 J 7.36 8.41 7.54 8.71 10.06 8.15 8.77 20
3.5 3.6 A ( 3.7 B 3.8 C 3.9 D 3.10 E 3.11 F 21
3.5 3.12 G 3.13 H 3.14 I 3.15 J 22
3.5 3.5.2 3.2 3.6 3.15 3.5 HMD HMD 7 1 (F(6, 9) = 3.373, p < 0.01) Bonferroni - (p < 0.01) - (p < 0.01) - (p < 0.01) HMD 6 2 (F(1, 9) = 0.19, p = 0.892 : F(2, 18) = 0.72, p = 0.498) 23
3.5 3.2 pixel A 1.9 2.2 2.2 2.5 2.9 3.7 3.3 B 1.9 2.9 2.8 3.4 2.8 3.5 2.5 C 2.2 4.9 2.5 3.5 4.3 5.6 3.9 D 1.6 8.3 3.0 2.7 3.4 3.1 2.7 E 3.3 5.5 6.2 5.1 4.0 3.6 3.4 F 1.9 4.9 2.4 3.2 4.3 2.3 4.1 G 2.1 2.3 2.5 2.8 7.0 3.7 4.7 H 1.7 3.2 3.8 3.1 2.3 3.8 3.3 I 2.0 3.0 5.4 3.4 2.0 3.5 3.9 J 2.1 4.6 4.4 4.1 3.5 3.6 4.2 24
3.5 3.16 A ( 3.17 B 3.18 C 3.19 D 25
3.5 3.20 E 3.21 F 3.22 G 3.23 H 3.24 I 3.25 J 26
3.6 3.6 - - - 27
4 HMD HMD HMD HMD HMD HMD 2 28
Yan Pengfei 29
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