- - - - 1999 Leonid MAC Multi-Instrument Aircraft Campaign November 8-23, 1999 1998-2002 (2001 ) Predictions, Observational Plans and Results for Leonid 1998-2002. Photo Gallery taken by Photographic Camera Photo Gallery taken by Digital Camera Encounter with 1999 Leonid Meteor Storm! // Millennium Shower // The Leonid Multi-Instrument Aircraft Campaign (Leonid MAC) is a NASA and USAF sponsored interagency and international effort to study a rare natural phenomenon, a meteor storm, for clues to the composition of meteoroids, cometary debris, and the emission processes. On the night of November 18, 1999, two aircrafts took off on a mission to rendezvous with the biggest meteor storm since the 19th century. Over the Mediterranean Sea, these aircrafts encounter with the Leonid Meteor Storm, thousands of meteors per hour. From 12 km up, flying about 150 km apart, with over twenty instruments pointing out the Leonids, capturing images and making stereoscopic observations. Through meteors observation, physical and chemical properties of cometary meteoroids can be studied indirectly from the details of their interaction with the Earth's atmosphere. For the road to knowledge of the comets, early solar system and life lead through the meteors. 1. Leonid MAC? 1/12
Image courtesy of NASA-ARC. Leonid MAC(Multi-Instrument Aircraft Campaign) 1997 (SETI) (Dr. Peter Jenniskens) 1998 99 2 NASA 98 99 Center; Dr. Peter Jenniskens(The SETI Institute NASA-ARC), Principal Investigator of the Leonid MAC. Left; Dr. Hajime Yano(Planetary Science Division ISAS), Principal Investigator of Japanese Team. Right; Dr. Avell(NAOJ) 2. Leonid MAC? 2/12
Leonid MAC 33 " " 98 NHK NASA CCD 99 2 30 1 10 1999 7 78 8 4 3. 11 8-13 3/12
Image courtesy of USAF and NASA-ARC. 1998 11 8 Leonid MAC 1 452 FISTA 99 ARIA 4. 11 14 4/12
Image courtesy of NASA-ARC and Sky Watcher. FISTA ARIA 150km 12km 500 600km 2 2 14 3 GPS UHF " " 10 30 5. 11 16 2 3 3 16 22 << ARIA >> 5/12
Image courtesy of NHK, Yano, and Nakanishi(Tenmon guide, Sebundo Shinkosya Co. Ltd. (All rights reserved.) ARIA NASA-TV BBC Sky&Telescope NHK TV ARIA ARIA 4 6 " " " " ARIA FISTA FISTA ARIA NHK meteor, meteor, meteor!! f58mm f28mm f135mm << FISTA >> Image courtesy of NHK, Yano, and Nakanishi(Tenmon guide, Sebundo Shinkosya Co. Ltd. (All rights reserved.) FISTA NHK 1m 0 " " 1 6/12
" " FISTA 390 70km 6. 11 17 BGM 23!? 7 Image courtesy of NHK. 7/12
<< ARIA >> ARIA! 1 FISTA f58mm,f1.2 (32.7 18.3 ) meteor, meteor, meteor!! ARIA! 1 40 f28mm,f/1.4 1 50 " "!?!? "Meteor Shower" " " "Meteor Storm" " "! NHK 10 1 150 1 1 NHK 10 3 12km!! FISTA 2 30 ARIA It's a SPRITE! 50 100km 1 14 << FISTA >> ARIA f28mm (37.1 20.8 ) FISTA f50mm,f/1.0 8/12
5 FISTA 5 IMO " " 1833 NHK 2 19 19 Japanese team(nhk crew and Jpanese scientists) after Leonid Meteor Storm, Lajes airport at Azores Island. Group photo ARIA team of Leonid MAC. Courtesy: David Nugent. 7. 11 19 3 TV 19 5 2 " " 30 2 ARIA NHK f135mm f58mm 9/12
f135mm,f2.0 FISTA ARIA " " 3 3 " " 8. 11 20 19 7 20 10 ARIA meteor, meteor, meteor!! ARIA meteor!! Kennedy Space Center, Florida. 9. 11 22 11 22 80 FISTA ARIA 3 10. 10/12
Image courtesy of IMO and NMS. Leonid MAC 2001 11 18-19 2001 ------------- --------------------- Image courtesy of M. Toda. 12 2 2 2 4 ---------------------------------------------------------------------- FISTA ARIA 11 13 FISTA ARIA 11/12
ARIA NHK f28mm/f1.4 ARIA 11 18 2 14 ( ) NHK f50mm/f1.0 FISTA 11 18 2 15 30 ( ) 1 11 18 2 16 00 ( ) 2 11 18 2 16 30 ( ) 3 11 18 2 17 00 ( ) (International Meteor Organization; IMO) 18 2 4 (±5 ) ( ; ZHR) 5000 3 1899 ( ; ) 2 8 (D. Asher), 2000 2 (pp8-13) Sky Watcher, 18, No.2, pp8-13, 2000. Authors: Shinsuke Abe, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, National Astronomical Observatory, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan Hajime Yano(Planetary Science Division, Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Kanagawa 229-8510, Japan Home Page 12/12