1,, 0, b (b b 2 b ) n k n = n j b j, (0 n j b 1), n =(n k n k 1...n 1 n 0 ) b, n j j j +1, 0,...,b 1 (digit). b b, n b 1 ñ, ñ = k (b 1 n j )b j b N, n b n, n = b N n, n =ñ+1 b N, n m n + m (mod b N ), b N, b, x k x = n j b j, (0 n j b 1) j=, x =(n k...n 1 n 0.n 1 n 2...) b x b x b x b, b., x b b 2B +1 (B B 1 ) n k n = n j (2B +1) j, ( B n j B), n =(n k n k 1...n 1 n 0 ), b Z/bZ,, 2B +1 Z/(2B +1)Z, B,...,0,...,B
2 2B +1, n n, b (n b 2 ) n k n = n j ( b) j, (0 n j b 1), n =(n k n k 1...n 1 n 0 ) b, b, b = b j k 1 (, b j 2), n n = n 0 + n 1 b 0 + n 2 b 0 b 1 + + n k b 0 b 1 b k 1, n =(n k n k 1...n 1 n 0 ) b j B, B, b = 60, 60, 24, 7, n =(n 4,n 3,n 2,n 1,n 0 ), n 4 weeks n 3 days n 2 hours n 1 miniutes n 0 seconds (n ) Fibonacci F j Fn = F n 1 + F n 2, F 0 =0, F 1 =1 Fibonacci, n, l n = F kj, F kj+1 F kj, F kj+1 F kj, k j+1 >k j +1 n l n = F kj, F kj+1 F kj, n =(k l...k 1 k 0 ). C,,,,,,,,,,,
3,, Fibonacci n,, n ex14-1-1.c 1., 2. feof(stdin) (stdin) 1, 0 3. feof,,,, EOF EOF feof, 1. EOF feof, 0. 4. MAX_CHAR_PAR_LINE buf 5. fgets, fgets buf, MAX_CHAR_PAR_LINE, stdin buf, NULL 6. fgets, fgets,,, EOF fgets, EOF fgets NULL, buf 7. ex14-1-2.c, 8. ex14-1-3.c scanf 9. ex14-1-4.c. a b, n, m scanf,, scanf
4 scanf printf, ex14-2.c 1. ex14-1-1.c, 2., fopen fopen, FILE * stdio.h, feof, fgets stdin fopen fclose 3. fopen, "r" NULL. ex14-3.c : 1. ex14-1-2.c,,,,. 2., fopen "a". fopen 3. printf fprintf ex14-4.c 1. 2. fgets, fprintf, fgets NULL,, printf NULL (0x00), 0x00 3., fread, fwrite fread, fwrite ex14-5.c 1.,,, UNIX wc 2.,, MAX_CHAR_PAR_LINE - 1 3., Windows 2,
5 ex-14-6 1.,,,,, 2., s, atoi int 0 1-2 +3 4 5-6 7 8 +10, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10 0 1-2 +3 4 5-6 7 8 +10, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, ex-14-7 1. argv argc 2. argv[0]./a.out 1 2 3, argc 4, argv[0]./a.out, argv[1] 1 exercise-14-1 cat [file...] cat, cat file file cat file1 file2 file1, file2 cat exercise-14-2 od file od file 16, file
6 00000000: 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 0a 31 32 33 34 35 00000010: 36 37 38 39 3a 3b 3c 3d 3e 3f 40 41 42 43 44 45 16, 4 8 16, 2 0x36, 0x00000010, 16 ex14-1-1.c /* $Id: ex14-1-1.c,v 1.2 2004-07-12 14:39:34+09 naito Exp $ */ while(!feof(stdin)) if (fgets(buf, MAX_CHAR_PAR_LINE, stdin)!= NULL) printf("%s", buf) ; ex14-1-2.c /* $Id: ex14-1-2.c,v 1.2 2004-07-12 14:39:43+09 naito Exp $ */ while(!feof(stdin)) fgets(buf, MAX_CHAR_PAR_LINE, stdin) ; printf("%s", buf) ;
7 ex14-1-3.c /* $Id: ex14-1-3.c,v 1.2 2004-07-12 14:39:57+09 naito Exp $ */ while(!feof(stdin)) scanf("%s", buf) ; printf("%s\n", buf) ; ex14-1-4.c /* $Id: ex14-1-4.c,v 1.1 2004-07-09 12:56:09+09 naito Exp $ */ int n, m ; scanf("%d %d", &n, &m) ; printf("n = %d, m = %d\n", n, m) ;
8 ex14-2.c /* $Id: ex14-2.c,v 1.2 2004-07-12 14:40:16+09 naito Exp $ */ FILE *in ; if ((in = fopen("ex14-2.c", "r")) == NULL) return -1 ; while(!feof(in)) if (fgets(buf, MAX_CHAR_PAR_LINE, in)!= NULL) printf("%s", buf) ; fclose(in) ; ex14-3.c /* $Id: ex14-3.c,v 1.2 2004-07-12 14:40:28+09 naito Exp $ */ FILE *in, *out ; if ((in = fopen("ex14-2.c", "r")) == NULL) return -1 ; if ((out = fopen("outfile", "a")) == NULL) return -1 ; while(!feof(in)) if (fgets(buf, MAX_CHAR_PAR_LINE, in)!= NULL) fprintf(out, "%s", buf) ; fclose(out) ; fclose(in) ;
9 ex14-4.c /* $Id: ex14-4.c,v 1.2 2004-07-12 14:40:42+09 naito Exp $ */ #define MAX_CHAR (1024) char buf[max_char] ; size_t size ; FILE *in, *out ; if ((in = fopen("./a.out", "r")) == NULL) return -1 ; if ((out = fopen("./b.out", "a")) == NULL) return -1 ; while(!feof(in)) if ((size = fread((char *)buf, sizeof(char), MAX_CHAR, in))!= 0) fwrite(buf, sizeof(char), size, out) ; fclose(out) ; fclose(in) ; ex14-5.c /* $Id: ex14-5.c,v 1.2 2004-07-12 14:40:55+09 naito Exp $ */ #include <strings.h> int lines = 0, letters = 0 ; while(!feof(stdin)) if (fgets(buf, MAX_CHAR_PAR_LINE, stdin)!= NULL) lines += 1 ; letters += strlen(buf) ; printf("%d %d\n", lines, letters) ;
10 ex14-6.c /* $Id: ex14-6.c,v 1.11 2005-07-20 19:12:47+09 naito Exp $ */ #include <ctype.h> #include <stdlib.h> #define MAX (10) int read_int(char *, int *, int) ; int a[max], c, sum, i ; while(!feof(stdin)) if (fgets(buf, MAX_CHAR_PAR_LINE, stdin)!= NULL) printf("buf = %s", buf); c = read_int(buf, a, MAX) ; sum = 0 ; for(i=0;i<c;i++) sum += a[i] ; printf("result = %d\n", sum) ; int read_int(char *buf, int *a, int max) char *ps ; char s[max_char_par_line] ; int i=0 ; while((*buf)&&(i<max)) while(isspace((int)*buf)) buf++ ; /* */ if (*buf) ps = s ; while(!isspace((int)*buf)&&(*buf)) *ps++ = *buf++ ; /* */ *ps = \0 ; a[i++] = atoi(s) ; /* */ return i ;
11 ex14-7.c /* $Id: ex14-7.c,v 1.1 2005-07-19 09:32:38+09 naito Exp $ */ int i ; for(i=0;i<argc;i++) printf("%s\n", argv[i]) ;