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42 201213 43 42 2005 31 43 2012 198 2012 winter / No.394
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IV 1609 2 46 16 47 48 16 17 49 A B C B A C AB BC CB 46 Van der Wee 1997 179 47 Van der Wee 1977 316-3172011 5-6 48 Van der Wee 2012 200 2012 winter / No.394
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For the Reconsideration of Central Banking Theory Payment and Credit Systems Since the Late Middle Ages and the Amsterdam Wisselbank Hideaki Tanaka The Amsterdam Wisselbank was founded by the Amsterdam municipality in 1609. It has been praised for its role in early modern international finance. On the other hand, it is conceived as a conservative institution from the point of view of financial techniques. It is considered that the Wisselbank and the whole Amsterdam banking system conformed to the Italian tradition and turned the back on the innovations which had occurred in Antwerp during the sixteenth century. One of the grounds of the view is the idea that the lack of liquidity of small local banking system put restrictions on the primitive bank of deposit. As a matter of fact, the most of restrictions were ascribable to the mismatch between the local payment system and the medieval and early modern commerce. Therefore the commercial financing of the day was mainly offered by merchant-bankers through the bill of exchange. The merchantbankers with branches or agents in many of commercial centers delivered funds as the deliverer, and could liquidize their credit by drawing bills upon the fairs of the financial center Geneva, Lyons, Piacenza. The clubs of merchant-bankers at the fair organized the settlement mechanism under which they could net bills multilaterally and accommodate one another by drawing new bills or inter-fair deposits. Thus the banking is based on the payment system. In the process of the formation of international payment system through the Amsterdam Wisselbank, the role of merchantbankers changed crucially hand in hand with the change in the conception of exchange and bills. And so the Amsterdam banking system was innovative. 204 THE HIKONE RONSO 2012 winter / No.394
For the Reconsideration of Central Banking Theory Hideaki Tanaka 205