23 1 : 1 27 38 2014 1 1 2 3 1 2 3 Public Health Nursing Activities in Response to the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant Accident and Disaster Preparedness Yumiko Nemoto 1, Katsuko Suenaga 1, Kasumi Suzuki 2 and Yoshie Aita 3 1 School of Health Sciences, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine 2 Section of the Elderly and Persons with Disabilities, Taihaku Ward Public Health and Welfare Center, City of Sendai 3 Comprehensive Education Center for Community Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine Key words : Nuclear disaster, Risk management, Public health nursing activities The objectives of this study were to describe the process after directive on the emergency evacuation responding to the nuclear power plant accident and to identify public health nursing activities, perceived preparedness for nuclear disaster, and current challenges among municipal public health nurses. Public health nursing activities were categorized into four phases : period of emergency evacuation, supporting refugees in evacuation centers, supporting refugees in secondary evacuation centers, and supporting refugees living in temporary housing and rented houses. Two categories of perceived preparedness for nuclear disaster and current challenges emerged including preparedness for nuclear disaster prior to a disaster and current challenges facing municipal governments. Major aspects of public health nursing activities in response to the nuclear disaster were the following : preparing and distributing iodine tablets ; measuring dose of radiation ; screening tests for radioactive contamination, which were carried out before refugees entered evacuation centers and secondary evacuation centers ; new health problems at temporary housings and rented houses ; and problems in communities where refugees could go back to. This study suggested that these municipal public health nurses perceived several necessary components of disaster preparedness as follows : recognition of risk of nuclear disaster, systematic knowledge and skills in order to cope with the disaster properly, and practical emergency drills and manuals. 2011 3 11 1 1 27

1 12 JCO 1999 12 2 2 2001 3,4 5 12 6 5 1. 1 5 30 km 4 2012 8 10 2. 2012-1 - 174 28

1 1. 4 A D 13 A 4 40 4 B 3 60 1 20 2 C 2 50 1 20 1 D 2 60 1 40 1 2 2. 4 1 3 11 1 1 4 15 3 12 1 20 km 1 1 JCO 1999 7 4 8 3 11 1. 1 3 11 3 12 19 : 03 21 : 23 1 3 km 10 km 15 : 36 1 1 18 : 25 1 20 km 2011 3 14 10 : 01 1 3 5 : 10 1 2 3 15 9 : 38 1 4 11 : 00 11 : 00 1 20 km 30 km 4 22 1 20 km 9 30 D 2012 4 1 8 10 C 9 2011 10 29

3 km 10 km 12 20 km 20 km 30 km 1 20 20 km 30 km 4 20 km 20 km 1 20 20 km 30 km 2011 9 2012 4 3 : 20 : 20 5 : 5 20 50 3. 1 1 1 1 1.1 30

1 2 100 km A 3 12 A 3 14 2 4 B 3 12 B F F B C E 3 16 E E 1 C 8 D E 3 E 2011 4 E 1 2011 9 D D 4. 2 2 2011 3 12 15 ; 4 1 2011 3 16 29 ; 5 14 2 2011 3 30 2011 6 ; 15 3 2011 6 2012 9 ; 4 1 1 2011 3 12 15 2 1 2011 3 16 29 DMAT 3 2 2011 3 30 2011 6 2 2 31

4 2011.3.12 15 1 5 14 2011.3.16 29 2 15 3 2011.3.30 2011.6 4 1 2011.6 2012.8 2. DMAT 1 2 32

1 4 2011 6 2012 8 5. 3 3 2 3 1. 4 3 11 1 3 12 1 1 1 20 km 2 3 1 4 3 33

34 3. JCO 40

1 21 2 5 3 1 2 1 2 2 3 4 1 9 3 2. 54 1 10 11 35

12 13 14 14 2013 12 15 2 16 2 124 4 3 40 17 3 4 3 36

1 10 18 1 2 1 2 1 : 11, 33-42, 2009 2 http://www8.cao.go.jp/genshi ryoku_bousai/hourei.html 3 : 15 1 Current status and future prospects of Radiation Emergency Medicine MOOK NO. 5 2012, 1-16 4 : 16 MOOK NO. 6 II 2013, 9-28 5 17 http://www. nacphn.jp/dl_file/h17chousa_03a.pdf 6 : 3 75, 873-876 7 : http://www.bousai.ne.jp/vis/bousai_kensyu/glossary/ ke21.html 8 : 1 : http://www.maff.go.jp/j/wpaper/w_ maff/h24_h/trend/part1/chap1/c1_2_01.html 9 : http://infra - archi ve311.jp/history.html 10 : 37

2013, 120-142 11 : 3 2013, 318-319 12 321 13 : 46 1, 13-22, 2013 14 : 1 2013, 22 152013 12 20 http://www.meti.go.jp/ earthquake/nuclear/pdf/131220_hontai.pdf 16 : 58 5, 371-381, 2011 17 : PHN NO. 13 2012, 113-123 18 : PHN NO. 13 2012, 124-128 38