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3-3 Cloud Observation with CRL Airborne Cloud Rader (SPIDER) HORIE Hiroaki, KUROIWA Hiroshi, and OHNO Yuichi Cloud plays an important role of the transmission of radiation energy, but it was still remains with uncertainty. It is expected to observe three-dimensional distribution of cloud. Although it is difficult with usual weather radar, Communications Research Laboratory developed an Airborne Cloud Profiling Radar (SPIDER). Its sensitivity is 35 dbz at 5km range. In this paper, observation theory and method are discussed. Effectiveness of cloud profiling radar is explained with cloud data, which was obtained with airborne measurement. Cloud profiling radar, Milimeter wave radar, Airborne radar, Multiparameter radar, Cloud observation 71

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特集 地球環境計測特集 図 7 2002 年 2 月 11 日の観測で取得されたZ因子 PPMAG6 モード パルス幅 1 μ秒で取得されたデータを 1 秒平均している 図 6 の A B C D に対応している 積分数はそれぞれ A 528 B 720 C 300 D 360 である 東西方向は縮尺を下の地図の経度線にあわせている A とB については 鉛直下向き観測を行って いる 図の中から下にある赤い線は海面を示している C については 観測ラインから南側を観測し ている 図の上辺が観測ラインに相当する 観測幅は 23km D については 観測ラインから北側 を観測している 図の下辺が観測ラインに相当する 観測幅は 23km インの東側では 高度 7500m での観測から高度 動きと合わせても妥当である 3800m での観測まで 1 時間以上経過している 図 これらのセルの一つを取り出し 時間にして 7 のそれぞれのデータは経度線に合わせて配置し 13 時 34 分から 38 分までの Z 因子とドップラ速度 ているが A と B の二つの画像をみると 強 を図 8 に示す Z 因子 図 8a をみると 13 時 36 分 いエコーがあるセルの場所は東側に移動してい ごろにはエコーが海面にまで到達している レ るし 弱いエコー領域の形もそのままで東側に ンジ 7500m 付近にある水平の白い線は海面を示 移動しているのが分かる これはひまわりの画 している 海面からの散乱は Z 因子に直して 像 ここでは示さない の時間経過に伴った雲の 25dBZ より大きいので 白色で表示している 78 通信総合研究所季報 Vol.48 No.2 2002

A) B) P. R. Brown, A. J. Illingworth, A. J. Heymsfield, G. M. McFarquhar, K. A. Browning, and M. Gosset, "The role of spaceborne millimeter-wave radar in the global monitoring of ice cloud", J. Appl. Meteor., vol.34, pp. 2346-2366, 1995. H. Horie, T. Iguchi, H. Hanado, H. Kuroiwa, H. Okamoto and H. Kumagai, IEICE Trans. Commun., Vol. E83- B, pp.2010-2020, No.9 Sep. 2000. R. J. Doviak and D. S. Zrnic, Doppler Radar and Weather Observation, 2 nd Ed., Academic Press., 1993. 79

F. T. Ulaby, R. J. Moor, and A. K. Fung, Microwave Remote Sensing active and passive, Artech House Inc., 1981. R. Lhermitte, "Attenuation and scattering of millimeter wavelength radiation by clouds and precipitation", J. Atmos. Ocean. Technnol., Vol. 7, pp. 464-479, 1990. " " K. Sassen, "Ice cloud content from radar reflectivity", J. Climate Apllied Meteor., Vol.26, pp.1050-1053, 1987. S. Y. Matrosov, A. J. Heymsfield, R.. Kropfli, B. E. Martner, R. F. Reinking, J. B. Snider, P. Piironen, and E. W. Eloranta, "Comparison of ice cloud parameters obtained by combined remote sensor retrievals and direct methods", J. Atmos. Ocean. Technol., Vol.15, pp.184-196, 1998. H. Kumagai, H. Horie, H. Kuroiwa, H. Okamoto, and S. Iwasaki, "Retrieval of cloud microphysics using 95- GHz cloud radar and microwave radiometer", Proc. SPIE, Vol. 4152, pp.364-371, 2000. H. Okamoto, S. Iwasaki, M. Yasui, H. Horie, H. Kuroiwa, and H. Kumagai, "An algorithm for retrieval of cloud microphysics using 95-GHz cloud radar and lidar", submitting Jornal Geo. Res. Atomos., 2001. D. Atlas, S. Y. Matrosov, A. J. Heymsfield, M-D Chou, and D. B. Wolf, "Radar and radiation properties of ice clouds", J. Appl. Meteor., Vol.34, pp. 2329-2345, Nov. 1995. Vol.48, No.2, pp.33-43,2001. 80 48 2 2002