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4 1 14 15 7 6 50 Å 2 0.2 µm 5 25 nm 3 1 4 35Å 10 µm 0.5 µm 13 1 2 3 4 5 ATP 67 ATP 5 Cecil Fox Photo Researchers. 1Shakti P. Kapur, Georgetown University Medical Center 2Mark S. Mooseker, Lewis G. Tilney J. Cell Biol. 67, 7291975Rockefeller University Press 3Kenneth C. Holmes 4 Keith R. Porter Photo Researchers 5Humberto FernandezMoran 6Roderick A. Capaldi 7Wolfgang Junge, Holger Lill, Siegfried Engelbrecht, University of Osnabrück, Germany
32 87 Box 31 1 D D Enterococcus faecium 2 2 DNA DNA 2001 1 1 2001 Roberto Borea AP 2000 35 1 3 ppaba H 2 N COOH H 2 N SO 2 NH R PABA PABA R C O HN HC H C S C CH 3 CH 3 C N CH O COO 1940
264 8 845b 846 Q Coxiella burnetii Listeria monocytogenes 968 1LDL 2 3 89 1 2 a 1 Hsp70 A b 2 B TOM OMM TIM 23 3 C TIM 22 E IMM ψ D mthsp70 4 5a MPP 5b 847 a N A Hsp70 OMM TOM OMM 2 B IMM IMM TIM22 C IMM D IMM TIM23 3 4 Hsp60 b TOM TIM23 TIM22 btoshiya Endo, Hayashi Yamamoto, Masatoshi Esaki, J. Cell Science, vol. 116, #162003Company of Biologists, Ltd.
127 451 23 mrna AUG AUG mrna 1 2mRNA A mrna 3 95 1 2 3 127 Avram Hershko Aaron Ciechanover Alexander Varshavsky proteasome 1260 ab a b c 1 2 3 54 4 1260 a b X 13 Å c 1 E1E2E3 2 3 4 5 H. Hölzl et al., J. Cell. Biol. 150, 1262000Wolfgang Baumeister Rockefeller University Press
142 M 495 1421 Alexy Khodjakov 1 2 4 3 1420 1 2 3 4 prometaphase 1421 1422 Kid Kid 1433 a Celia Antonio, et al. Cell Vol.102 42000Isabelle Vernos Cell Press
546 15 Ca 2 Ca 2 Ca 2 Ca 2 Ca 2 1 1525 Ca 2 p.484 Ca 2 camp Ca 2 156 Ca 2 Ca 2 calcium-binding protein Ca 2 Ca 2 1523 Ca 2 IP 3 Ca 2 p.531 Ca 2 IP 3 Ca 2 Ca 2 Elizabeth A. Finch, George J. Augustine, Nature 396, 12 24 98 1998, Macmillan Magazines Limited RyR 1 Ca 2 2 3 Ca 2 IP 3 2 Ca 2 ryanodine receptorryr Ca 2 965 RyR Ca 2 Ca 2 Ca 2 1524 calcium-induced calcium releasecicr Ca 2 Ca 2 Ca 2 SER Ca 2 SERCA 1524 Ca 2 Ca 2 1 Ca 2 2 Ca 2 3 Ca 2 4 M.J. Berridge, Nature 361, 3171993 1993, Macmillan Magazines Limited 4
614 18 186a phase-contrast microscope 186b DNARNA 1 2 a 1 interference microscope differential interference contrastdic 18 6c b c 186 abc DIC DIC M.I. Walker Photo Researchers, Inc. fluorescence microscope immunofluorescence 929a p.650 p.340 1021 DNA RNA 733 520 Ca 2 1525 p.545 1