1. はじめに 2001 20 1998 2008 2 1 2 TPS 1989 TPS 3 TPS 1
2. 総論 2.1 チェコの経済政策の転換 1989 EU 1990 8 1998 GDP 1998 2000 12 3 45 67 EU 2011 17 3000 2011 16% 21.4% 1991 1996 1997 1998 5 3 2
3 2003 2.2 トヨタのチェコ進出 2011 16% 21.5% 2011 87 5000 TPCA 27 25 1000 118 6000 SKODA TATRA 3 3 TPCA 1000 1998 1000cc EU 10 EU Kolin TPCA 2009 210 2000 4 558 3
50% TPS TPS 2.3 トヨタ生産方式と TPCA TPS HP JIT 2 JIT 4 TPS TPS TPS TPS JIT 5 TPS 4 4
6 1 2 2 JIT TPCA, TMMP, TMIP 7 JIT 2 1 5
TPS JIT TPS 8 2013 9 TPCA 40 TPS 2.4 トヨタの海外進出 ( 米国と欧州 ) 1984 GM NUMMI GM 6
NUMMI GM GM UAW NUWWI 100 TPS 1998 2001 2000 1000cc TPCA 10 30 TPCA TPCA TPCA 2 TPCA 7
9 TPS 10 3. 現地調査 10 TPS 11 3.1 トヨタ生産方式 1 10 TPS TPCA, TMMP, TMIP TPS TPCA TPS QC 2 3 TPS JIT 8
JIT TMIP TPS TPS TPS OJT 2 TPS TPS JIT GM 1980 TPS TPS TPCA TPS 9
表 1. 聞き取り調査メモ (2006 年ー 2013 年 ) TPS QC 2,3 QC PS JIT TPCA 5,6 1st tier TPCA 68% 15% 15% TPS 100%ontime delivery 2003 5 2012 1 QC JIT TPS QC 90% TPCA TP VW, AUDI, BMW, SKODA, DAIMLER 30% 50% BMW 50% 40% 2002 2009 9 90% BMW 10
TMMP TMIP TBA 2004 10 QC 2009 TPS PDCA TPS 86% 2010 97% 2011 99% A3 2012 100% 2009 TPS 2009 13% 2010 29% 2011 45% 2012 JIT 60% QC 200 2007 2007 70% 08 72% 09 75% OJT 2010 76% 2011 80% P TPS TPS 80% BMW GM VW c 11
TPCA 8 10% 5 1000 2009 90% 10% 25000 2 50% 50% 5% 2 / 3 3% 2% 1% 1 3 1% 2000 7000 11700 80% 20000 50% 50% 2012 4 12 60-4 70% 1993 1999 8 section manager 27 7 20 11 20 2012 1 2010 11 7 3 5 1432 VW. VW 10 T PS TME 200 2008 6 10 15% 10 15 2008 8 12% 10% 5% 43% 11.5% 10.49% 6.87% 2009 30% 15% 2% 3.0% 6 /206 2007 2008 8.96% 5.52% 2010 4.5% 3% 1% 2% 3 4% 2006 9% 6% 3 3 3 4 1% 21 2% 3 60% 4 1800 1 600 6.8% 3 2007 2008 2009 5% 2010 2011 3000 20% 600 120 2000 21 70% 1 10% 5% 20% 12 15% 12
TMMP TMIP TBA 3 3000 1 1000 20000 34 3500 4000 15000 2500 600 100 1400 1500-2300 2 70 2 25000 25% TMMP 3500 4000 2500 600 1400 1500-2300 2 2 2013 UK GM 45 3 2 1 9 9 7 10 2012 12 3% 1 2% 9.2% 2011 11 4.9% 3.6% 8.5% 11.9% 1.3% 5% 4 6% 5 10 0.2 0.5% 2009 2.4% 2010 2.8% 2011 2.8% 2012 7 2.1% 2009 10.2% 5.5% 2010 4% 3.4% 2011 3.5% 5.9% 2012 7 4.6% 6.8% 3% 2007 5.4% 10 15% 2008 5.2% 2009 3.7% 2010 4.2% 2011 3.3% 2012 2.9% 2007 27.3% 2008 17.9% 2009 8% 2010 6.6% 2011 5.2% 2012 0.8% 1 28 80% 29 3% 2007 5.4% 1 9 10 11 12 150 2500 10% 12.3% 5% TPMP 18 20% 5% 12 4.75% 2007 27 28 2 27.5% 4 20% 20% 2.4%3 1,2 1.2 1.5% 2010 13
TPCA KOVO ASO KOVO 20% KOVO 203 26 12.8% 2900 18% 1400 33 3 2 300 6 3 3 3 1 3 2012. 74% 30 10 9% 90% 15% 1% 43% 6 57% 70 74% TPCA 23000 26000 20000 500 1.5 1.3 1 8000 2014 HVAC open tender 2014 GM 2012 system,75% 91% 70% 30% VW 9% 90% HR 1 2 HR 40% HR 150 384 293 60% 1 2011 9 TPS 2010 2013 2006 3 14
TMMP TMIP TBA 30% KOVO 34% 2,3 34 NSZZ 2012 NSZZ 2012 500 2 OPZZ 2 OPZZ 2009 0% 2012 OPZZ 2007 17% 2008 19% 2009 26% 2010 29% 2011 30% 2012 7 30% 2012 12 OPZZ150 NSZZ450 2000 18 2001 88 GM MG 3 HR 2002 116 2003 462 7 2004 807 6 2005 AGM 15% 1696 265 6 3 2006 6 1-2 20 2000 303 2007 20 8 10-12 686 604 2073 7 2008 2023 760 101 70% 10% 19 13 9 2009 1875 50 100 WEB 10% 60% 30% 40% 65 620 135 3 6 1 70 80% 30% 42 8 201 2010 1815 T 2007 211 2011 1732 60% TJ40% 830 2007 2008 183 2012 12 1698 100 5 TMMP 2010 20 2012 5 3 5 2 7 2 3 1 13 11 2 80% 20% 5% 100 20% 69% 10% 95% 89% TME 50 60% 6 10% 10 TME 35% 290 26% 1000 290 TPS 1 5 2 3 10 15
1 2 1 6 8 2000 8% 30% 2003 2 TPS 12 TPS 2 13 図 1. 通常トヨタの海外工場の調達比率 図 2.TPCA での調達比率 16
図 3.TPCA 関連企業の立地 3.2 トヨタおよび他社との関係 TPS TPCA TPCA VALEO 2013 TPCA TPCA 1 2 3 2 TPCA 17
50% TPCA TPCA TPS 3 TPCA 200 TMMP TPCA 90 30% 50% 50% 40% 2002 2009 9 TPS 50% 14 2013 68% 15% 15% VW, AUDI, BMW, SKODA, DAIMLER BMW TPCA 18
10% TPCA TPCA BMW SPP single plat production system SPP BMW SPP 3.3 雇用 給与体系 TPCA 23000 26000 20000 1.5 1.3 2013 1 1 19
300 TPCA, TMIP TPS TPS 10 20 TPCA 2009 25000 2 1 2000 20000 2000 15 5 3 3% 2% 1% 3 1% 80% 20
3.4 人事の現地化 TPS 1 2 2010 12 4 8 section manager 27 7 20 11 2012 1 2013 45 3 TPCA TME TMMP UK GM 2 1 9 9 7 3.5 欠勤率 離職率 2 3% 2003 10 10% 10% 1 2 21
2 80% 30% 3 21 60% 22 2 1968 16 2011 5 10% 1 2 3 10 2000 2008 10.49% 6.87% 2009 8.96% 5.52% 2010 4.5% 3% 1% 3 10% 5% TPCA 2% 3 4% 2006 22
9% 6.8% 2007 2008 2009 5% 2010 2011 2000 10 15% 3000 20% 600 120 TBAI TMMP, TMIP 3.6 国民性 TMMP, TMIP 2012 9 2013 1 TMMP TMIP TBAI 23
TPCA 17 4. おわりに 1 2 34 5 6 7 EU 2003 1 2 3 18 3 TPS TPS TPS TPS TPCA 2005 2009 24
注 1 23 20 22 23 1 2012 1 22 1 28 TPCA ASMO 2 2012 9 4 9 12 TMIP TBAI 3 2013 1 23 30 TMMP 2012 2 2008 9 EU 2000 FDI GDP 2009 4.1% 2010 2.3% 2011 1.7% 2012 3 Skoda 1851 Emil Skoda 1869 1905 3 1930 Skoda Superb 1991 100% 45 13 100 80% 9% 2004 4 http://www.toyota.co.jp/jpn/company/vision/production_system/index.html 5 6 7TMMP, TMIP 8 欧米の従来の生産方式と TPS 25
70% JIT 9 D. A. 10 TPCA 3 1 3 1 5 1 11 3 1 2 3 QC Just In Time 4 26
5 12 CMKOS 25% 70 TPCA 2001 4 2003 BMW 4 図 4. もの作り精神の日本と欧米比較 SEAT 2004 27
13 TPCA 14 2006 3 22 15 2000 16 17 18 ODS R&D R&D 参考文献 2004 8 1995 114 6 2003 73 3 2004 2009 2005 2004 28 2001 2003 D. A. 2006 M&A Works no.74 CSU, Statisticka Rocenka Ceske republiky, Prague, Prague, CSU. CzechInvest, Annual report Prague, CzechInvest. CzechInvest, List of the Selected Investors in the Czech Republic Prague, CzechInvest. Hospodarske Noviny. 28