Chapter 1: /Health 1 Expressing capability using the potential form of the verbs 2 1.1 Structure................................................ 2 1.2 Conjugations............................................. 2 1.3 Translate the following English sentences into Japanese (use a polite form ending)......... 3 1.4 Translate the following Japanese sentences into English....................... 3 1.5 Complete the chart by providing the appropriate expressions.................... 4 2 Expressing excessiveness using 4 2.1 Structure and Conjugation....................................... 4 2.2 Translate the following English sentences into Japanese (use a polite form ending)......... 5 2.3 Translate the following Japanese sentences into English....................... 5 3 Giving suggestion using and 6 3.1........................................... 6 3.2........................................ 6 3.3 Change the following expressions into a suggestion by use........... 6 3.4 Make suggestions for each of the following conditions, using the list in the box. Make both positive and negative suggestions................................... 7 3.5 Translate the following English sentences into Japanese (use a polite form ending)......... 7 3.6 Translate the following Japanese sentences into English....................... 8 4 Describing what efforts are being made to attain a specific goal using [V.plain.present...] 8 4.1 Match the sentence halves in Column A and Column B to make sentences using 8 4.2 Translate the following English sentences into Japanese (use a polite form ending)......... 9 4.3 Translate the following Japanese sentences into English....................... 10 5 Making a negative request, expressing unacceptable actions, asking for and giving permission 10 5.1 V.te-form.negative+ : please do not............................. 10 5.2 V.te-form.affirmative+ /: May not, must not.................. 10 5.3 V.te-form.affirmative+ - / / : May I, you may.... 11 5.4 Derive the negative request, and expressions from the following expressions............................................... 11 5.5 Using the expressions from the last section, compose a conversation with a person asking for a permission and another answering positively or negatively...................... 12 5.6 Translate the following English sentences into Japanese (use a polite form ending)......... 12 5.7 Translate the following Japanese sentences into English....................... 13 Fall Semester 1 NKM II - Chap 01
1 Expressing capability using the potential form of the verbs 1.1 Structure The potential forms of the verbs expressed what a person can or what is possible. The direct object particle is replaced by when the verb is in the potential form: 1.2 Conjugations -verbs: /u/ /eru/; /omu /nomeru Dictionary Form Plain Present Potential forms Polite Present Affirmative Negative Affirmative Negative (to inhale) (to run) (to work) (to rest) -verbs: - - ; Dictionary Form (to forget) Plain Present Potential forms Polite Present Affirmative Negative Affirmative Negative (to wake up) (to put on) Irregular verbs: ; Dictionary Form (to do) Plain Present Potential forms Polite Present Affirmative Negative Affirmative Negative (to come) NB: Potential forms of all verbs conjugate as -verbs Fall Semester 2 NKM II - Chap 01
Verb types Dictionary Form Plain Present Potential forms Polite Present Affirmative Negative Affirmative Negative forms verbs (to drink) verbs (to sleep) Irr. verbs (to do) 1.3 Translate the following English sentences into Japanese (use a polite form ending) Ex: Can you drink beer? 1. Can you write a Japanese letter? 2. Mr. Suzuki can wake up at 5:00 am. 3. Mr. Kimura can play Tennis but Mr. Tanaka cannot play Tennis. 4. Mr. Jones can speak Spanish. 5. Mr. Kim cannot eat Sushi. 6. Can you forget about an annoying matter ( ). 1.4 Translate the following Japanese sentences into English 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Fall Semester 3 NKM II - Chap 01
6. 1.5 Complete the chart by providing the appropriate expressions Potential forms Verb types Dictionary Form Plain Present Polite Present Affirmative Negative Affirmative Negative forms verbs (to drink) verbs () verbs () verbs () verbs () verbs () verbs () verbs () verbs () verbs () verbs () verbs () verbs () Irr. () Irr. verbs () 2 Expressing excessiveness using 2.1 Structure and Conjugation When / is added after the stem of a verb or / -adjective, it implies that something is excessive. -verb: /eat excessively - -verb: /drink excessively - -adjective: /excessively expensive - -adjective: /excessively quiet - Irr: /too good - The expression itself is a -verb: Fall Semester 4 NKM II - Chap 01
Plain Present Potential forms Polite Present Affirmative Negative Affirmative Negative forms 2.2 Translate the following English sentences into Japanese (use a polite form ending) 1. I applied too much medicine. 2. I took (orally) too much medicine. 3. I slept too much. 4. Mr. Yamamoto talks too much. 5. This lemon is too sour and that orange is too sweet. 6. That person is too hyper. 7. This job is too tough. 8. Since I ate too much (use the te-form), I cannot move. 9. Since this coffee is too sweet (use the te-form), I cannot drink (it). 10. Since the wasabi is too hot (use the te-form), I cannot eat this sushi. 2.3 Translate the following Japanese sentences into English 1. 2. 3. Fall Semester 5 NKM II - Chap 01
4. 5. 6. 3 Giving suggestion using and The expressions and are used for making suggestions or giving advice. The former is stronger that the latter. Both expressions are based on the plain past form: V.plain.past- : How about doing...; why don t you... : It is better to...; you should... 3.1 The expression is based on the plain past from. The plain past from + is called the conditional form. Using polite or makes the suggestions softer. V.plain.past + ; 3.2 The plain past affirmative or plain present negative is used to form the (you should/should not) expressions. V.plain.past.affirmative - / you should eat V.plain.present.negative - / you should not eat 3.3 Change the following expressions into a suggestion by use Ex: 1. 3. 2. 4. Fall Semester 6 NKM II - Chap 01
5. 7. 6. 8. 3.4 Make suggestions for each of the following conditions, using the list in the box. Make both positive and negative suggestions (other verbs) 1. 4. 2. 5. 3. 6. 3.5 Translate the following English sentences into Japanese (use a polite form ending) 1. How about lying down? 2. How about taking (some) medicine? 3. Why don t you take a rest (a little)? 4. It is better to apply some medicine (ointment). 5. It is better not to apply some medicine (ointment). 6. It is better to study Japanese. 7. It is better not to skip a class. ( ) Fall Semester 7 NKM II - Chap 01
3.6 Translate the following Japanese sentences into English 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. (= more than ) 4 Describing what efforts are being made to attain a specific goal using [V.plain.present...] The clause preceding V.plain.present + indicates a situation or state which the speaker hopes to attain. The main clause describe the effort being made to attain that state. F A 4.1 Match the sentence halves in Column A and Column B to make sentences using Ex: Fall Semester 8 NKM II - Chap 01
Column A Column B 1. a. 2. b. 3. c. 4. d. 5. e. 6. f. 7. g. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 4.2 Translate the following English sentences into Japanese (use a polite form ending) 1. I will prescribe some medicine so that the temperature will go down quickly. 2. I will go on a diet so that I can lose weight. 3. I am exercising everyday in order not to gain weight. 4. I am swimming everyday so that I can swim fast. ( /fast (adv.)) Fall Semester 9 NKM II - Chap 01
4.3 Translate the following Japanese sentences into English 1. 2. 3. 4. (/to chew) 5 Making a negative request, expressing unacceptable actions, asking for and giving permission All three structures here are built upon a verb in the -form: V.te-form.negative + : expressing a negative request: please do not... ; V.te-form.affirmative + /: indicating that some action is not allowed (commonly rules): may not; must not: ; ; ; V.te-form.affirmative + / / : is used to talk about or ask for a permission: may I; you may. ;. 5.1 V.te-form.negative+ : please do not... V.te-form.negative + expresses a polite negative request. In casual speech, is dropped. : Please do not eat! : Don t eat! 5.2 V.te-form.affirmative+ /: May not, must not The expressions indicate something that is not allowed. Besides the verbs, the te-form of the copular or the adjectives can be used with the expression. -... may not be a student. -... may not be dim. Fall Semester 10 NKM II - Chap 01
-... may not be quiet. NB / are phonetically reduced as / in a colloquial speech. Dictionary from / + / Meaning Copular NP NP / + / must not be NP -adjective -/-/ must not dislike -adjective -/-/ must not be weak Irregular verbs -/-/ must not come -verb -/-/ must not rest -verb -/-/ must not stay 5.3 V.te-form.affirmative+ - / / : May I, you may V.te-form + ( ): ( ) V.te-form + : V.te-form + ( ): ( ) 5.4 Derive the negative request, and expressions from the following expressions. 1. 4. 2. 5. 3. 6. Fall Semester 11 NKM II - Chap 01
7. 8. 5.5 Using the expressions from the last section, compose a conversation with a person asking for a permission and another answering positively or negatively. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 5.6 Translate the following English sentences into Japanese (use a polite form ending) 1. Please don t exercise when you are sick. 2. Please don t overstrain yourself when you are tired. 3. Please don t move when you have a backache. 4. You may not enter this room by yourself. 5. You must not be absent from school. 6. It is not acceptable to be late for class. 7. May I move? Fall Semester 12 NKM II - Chap 01
8. May I go home early? 9. You may go home early. 5.7 Translate the following Japanese sentences into English a b c d Fall Semester 13 NKM II - Chap 01