Bull. Natl. Mus. Nat. Sci., Ser. E, 31, pp. 33 84, December 22, 2008 169 0073 3 23 1 History of the Development of Japanese Binoculars Manufacturing Technology Keiichi SAIJO and Takashi NAKAJIMA Department of Science and Engineering, National Museum of Nature and Science, 3 23 1 Hyakunin-cho, Shinjyuku-ku, Tokyo 169 0073, Japan Abstract We are currently studying the history of Japanese Binoculars for several years. In the course of this study, we have published some papers related to the first domestic production of binoculars in Japan and show the genealogy of propagation of manufacturing technology at that time. In this paper, we review chronologically the technological development of Japanese binoculars and show the influence of technology innovation of other optical instruments. This paper is somewhat a preliminary work but become a base of the future more comprehensive and more detailed studies. The chronological tabele of Japanese binoculars and related technology is attached. Key words : binoculars, history, optical technology, optical instrument 1. 2. 12 2 2006 2007 1) 42 1) 2) 6 21
34 1),3) 4) 6 23.5 mm 6 24 mm 1) 2) 4) 8 2),4) 4) 50 60 60 6 24 mm 8 26 mm 2 4) 3 7 50 mm 4) 60 80 mm15 4 120 mm 20 3 2 22.5 30 45 60 75 4),5) 4)
35 6 30 4) 70 70 30 mm 60 6) 6 24 mm 13 6 5) 24 mm 60 1960 7),8) 10 15 mm 7 50 mm 9) 6 15 mm 9) 4),5) 4)
36 2) 10 3) 10) 6 10) 11) 12) 5) 250 mm 50 83 6 4),5)
270 mm 4) 4 40 mm 10 2 5) 37 5),13) 18 5) 3. A O
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41 9) QCQC 4),12) PX 15) 4),17) 26 4),17) : 4) 20
42 30 4) 14),15) 4.2. 30 30 24 2 3 4) ~ 9) 9) 14),18) 26
43 28 15),18) FETHER WEIGHT 4) 30 6 8 10 9),19) 5 37.5 mm 10 ZBL 35 mm 5) 7 35 mm 8 8) 7 35 mm 10 7) 50 mm 11 40 mm 30 mm 25 mm 35 mm 13.5 20) 30 8mm 9) 21) 40 9) 24 33
34 46 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 8 3 92 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 14),15),18),22) 35 2 3 5 70 1 3 4 23),24) 40 44
45 14) 4.3. 40 30 40 14) 9),14) 40 25) 40 9) 40
46 40 BK7 45F2 SK5 SF2 50 BaK4 53 B.G.P2 15) 40 25) 0.03 mm 40 2 26),27) 40
47 30 26),27) 45 4 16 28) 2 90 29) 4.4. 50 50
48 25) 60 CAD 30) 25) NC NC 25) 5. 1970
49 31) 20077007 20087007 1) 2006 EVol. 29 pp. 15 28. 2007 EVol. 30 pp. 33 44 2) 1943 3) 1932 4) 1957 5) 1955 6) 1934 7) Hans T Seeger, 1995, Militärische Ferngläser und Fernrohre in Heer,Luftwaffe und Marine 8) Henry Paul, 1980, BINOCULARS AND ALL PUR- POSE TELESCOPES, AMPHOTO. 9) 195719651969 10) 1977 11) 12) 198250 13) 196450 14) 1978 31 53 15) 198030 16) Sky and Telescope Sky Publishing Corporation, Boston1940 17) 1954 18) 196910 19) 1955, Machinery Japan Guide Book of Japanese Optical and Precision Instruments 20) Linet Imperial New Fieldmaster 7 35 13.5 LJ56 21) Lumier 7 10 35 LJ170 22) 23) Mikron 8 30 8.5 24) Prominar 8 30 8.8 25) 1992 NIKON75 26) 1969 27) 1973 28) 40 29) 40 30) 31) 1990
50 1. 6 11 30 1873 57 7 6 1874 9 7 1876 9 1876 16 1883 20 1887 21 1888 22 1889 25 1892 25 8 1892 26 4 1893 26 1893, 27 1894, 8 20 IF 27 12 1894 2 28 1895 4 12 29 1896 33 1900 25 37 25 37 36 11 1903 55Y 5 37 1904 37 1904 1904 38 1905 38 1905 38 1905 6 38 1905 38 3 1905 39 1906 39 39 10 1906 1906
51 1. 39 10 1906 40 1907 41 1908 41 8 1908 42 2 1909 42 3 1909 42 10 1 1909 42 3 1909 43 1910 43 12 1910 44 1911 44 2 1911 8 20 44 1911 45 1912 2 3 1913 1914 3 1914 3 1914 3 1914 4 1915 5 1916 6 7 25 1917 6 12 31 1917 7 1 1 6 1917 6 1917 7 1 1 1918 7 11 1918 8 1919 8 10 12 1919 8 1919 10 9 2 1921 70 10 1921 11 1922 6 24 mm 60 8 26 mm 11 1922 8cm 12 cm 15 80 4 20 120 3
52 1. 12 4 1923 12 5 5 1923 12 5 1923 12 9 1 1923 12 9 1 1923 12 9 1923 12 1923 12 1923 13 1924 13 1924 13 1924 6 13 1924 6 13 10 17 1924 14 10 1925 14 12 10 1925 P454 2 2 1927 2 4 1927 2 5 1927 SUZUKO 2 1927 P120 2 1927 2 1927 3 1928 4 1929 7 50 mm 2589 5 1935 4 1929 15 105 mm 4 70 10 10 4 3 1929 24 6 5 4 1 1930
53 1. 5 4 1930 5 1930 5 1930 5 1930 6 4 1 1931 28 6 4 1931 6 9 15 1931 P194 6 1931 7 1932 7 11 1932 8 4 1933 8 4 1933 8 7 1933 8 8 1933 8 11 1933 8 1933 8 1933 9 1 1 1934 9 1 20 1934 9 1934 FUJIKO 9 1934 9 1934 9 1934 9 6 10 1934 9 6 1934 9 9 1934 9 10 20 1934
54 1. 9 11 10 1934 10 2 10 1935 10 5 1 10 5 1 YASHIMA 1935 1935 8 10 10 1 1935 11 2 6 1936 11 4 1936 3 etc 11 10 1936 11 1936 250 mm 53 80 12 3 1937 12 6 1937 LYLA 12 10 1937 12 11 1937 12 1937 50 100 150 12 1937 12 1937 13 1 20 1938 13 3 20 1938 2 13 4 1938 13 5 1938 13 5 1938 13 5 1938 P 13 6 28 1938 13 6 13 7 1938 1938 7 480 40
55 1. 13 8 1 1938 13 9 1 1938 13 10 1938 13 12 1938 13 12 7 1938 13 1938 10 60 mm 6 70 6 13 1938 13 1938 15 cm 12 cm 15 20 12 25 80 200 13 1938 21 30 50 18 cm 22.5 30 14 2 1939 14 4 1939 14 5 1939 14 6 1939 14 7 1939 NTCkogaku 14 7 1939 14 7 1 1939 14 9 1939 14 10 1 1939 14 12 2 1939 14 1939 14 1939 250 mm 14 1939 15 4 1 1940 15 4 15 4 1940 1940 15 4 1940 15 5 27 1940 15 9 1940
56 1. 15 10 5 1940 P520 15 11 1940 15 11 18 1940 P310 5 15 11 18 1940 P210 5 15 1940 16 2 1941 16 2 1941 16 3 1941 16 4 1941 16 4 1941 8 16 4 1941 16 4 10 1941 16 5 28 1941 KANTOGRANZ 16 6 1 1941 16 8 1941 5 16 1941 16 1941 16 1941 17 1 1942 17 2 1942 17 3 10 1942 17 3 1942 11 17 6 1942 17 7 1942 P428 17 10 1942 17 11 3 1942 17 12 28 1942 17 1942 13 8 32 : 7.5
57 1. 17 1942 10 70 70 7 17 1942 18 1 16 1943 18 2 18 1943 18 4 1 1943 NTKO 18 4 1943 18 7 1 1943 : ZUIHO 18 8 16 1943 18 9 30 1943 P259 18 10 1943? 18 11 30 1943 P300 Albert Konig Die Fernrohre und Entfernugsmesser 1937 18 12 1 1943 P 18 12 1943 ULL 18 12 1946 19 1 1 1944 19 1 1944 19 2 1944 19 2 1944 19 3 1944 19 3 1944 19 3 22 1944 19 3 25 1944 19 4 1944 19 4 1944 424 19 4 1944 19 8 23 1944 19 9 1 1944 P M 19 9 1944 19 9 15 1944
58 1. 19 12 1944 19 1944 19 1944 20 1 1945, 20 5 1945 20 8 16 20 10 16 1945 GHQ 20 10 1945 20 12 1945 PX 6 8 129 42 20 12 1945 21 1 24 1946 21 2 1946 21 2 18 1946 21 3 1946 21 4 1 1946 21 4 1946 21 6 1946 21 6 1946 21 7 1946 21 7 1946 7 49 6 248 26 21 7 1946 21 8 1946 21 10 3 1946 21 11 1946 21 12 10 1946 21 12 1946 G.H.Q 21 1946 21 1946 22 1 20 1947 22 2 28 1947 22 3 11 1947 P192
59 1. 22 3 25 1947 22 3 1947 G.H.Q. 22 3 1947 22 3 1947 22 4 1947 22 4 1947 28 10 22 4 1947 22 4 1947 22 5 1947 22 5 1947 22 5 23 1947 22 6 1947 22 7 29 1947 6 8 620 1500 22 11 14 1947 22 12 1947 GHQMade in Occupied Japan 22 1947 P 22 1947 22 1947 22 1947 7 22 1947 2126 23 1948 23 1 1948 25 23 1 1948 874 25 23 2 1 1948 23 2 1948 987 32 23 2 1948 8 23 2 15 1948 23 3 8 1948 23 3 1948 G.H.Q. 23 3 1948
60 1. 23 3 1948 8 16 23 3 1948 23 4 1 1948 23 4 5 1948 23 4 9 1948 23 4 1948 23 5 17 1948 23 6 1948 23 6 1948 23 7 21 1948 23 7 1948 23 7 1948 23 8 1 1948 11 23 8 1948 23 8 31 1948 23 9 1948 6 15 23 9 1 1948 23 9 10 1948 23 9 30 1948 23 10 1948 23 10 1948 23 12 24 1948 23 10 1 1948 23 1948
61 1. 23 1948 23 1948 23 1948 23 1948 9 23 1948 19302 24 1 1949 24 1 1949 24 1 31 1949 24 2 15 1949 24 3 1949 24 3 1949 24 3 1949 24 4 1 1949 24 4 15 1949 24 4 15 1949 8 24 5 1 1949 24 5 4 1949 24 5 10 1949 24 5 1949 24 6 1949 24 6 1949 24 8 15 1949 24 10 1 1949 24 11 28 1949 24 12 1 1949 8 R 24 1949 24 1949 24 1949 24 1949 B.L 6 30 24 1949 B.L 7 50 24 1949 40 24 1949 27 24 1949 56353 25 2 1947 25 2 17 1950 7 25 2 21 1950
62 1. 25 3 22 1950 10 25 3 1950 25 3 1950 25 3 1950 25 3 1950 25 4 1 1950 25 4 1950 42 32 25 4 28 1950 8 M 25 5 1950 25 5 22 1950 25 6 1 1950 25 6 1950 25 7 1 1950 25 9 1950 T.O.D 6000 25 9 1950 25 9 15 1950 25 9 25 1950 25 10 1 1950 25 10 6 1950 25 10 1950 : 25 10 1950 25 12 6 1950 25 1950 25 1950 25 1950 25 1950 25 1950 25 1950 10005000 25 1950 25 1950
63 1. 25 1950 25 1950 P169 25 1950 P300 25 1950 21 25 1950 185415 26 1 5 1951 26 1 1951 26 2 5 1951 26 2 10 1951 26 2 27 1951 26 4 1951 11 26 4 1951 BL 26 4 1951 26 5 8 1951 26 5 15 1951 26 5 27 1951 26 5 29 1951 26 5 1951 26 6 11 1951 26 6 18 1951 26 26 6 1951 11 26 6 1951 26 6 29 1951 26 7 1 1951 26 7 1 1951 26 7 7 1951 26 7 1951 26 8 1951 26 8 1951 26 10 1951 26 10 19 1951 26 11 1 1951 26 11 1951 26 11 1951 26 12 1951 26 12 1 1951
64 1. 26 12 1951 26 12 1951 26 12 1951 26 1951 R 26 1951 26 1951 26 1951 26 1951 26 1951 26 1951 32 26 1951 195728 27 1 1952 27 1 4 1952 27 2 1 1952 27 2 1952 27 3 1 1952 27 3 24 1952 27 3 25 1952 27 4 1 1952 27 4 1952 27 4 1952 27 4 1952 27 4 1952 27 4 28 1952 27 5 1952 27 5 1952 27 5 1952 27 5 1952 27 5 5 1952
65 1. 27 5 6 1952 27 5 27 1952 BLBL 27 6 1 1952 27 6 1952 27 6 1952 27 7 10 1952 27 7 1952 27 7 1952 27 8 1 1952 3 27 8 1952 27 8 1952 27 8 23 1952 27 9 1 1952 3 27 9 1 1952 27 9 19 1952 27 9 1952 27 10 1 1952 27 10 15 1952 27 11 11 1952 27 11 22 1952 27 11 26 1952 27 11 1952 27 12 25 1952 27 12 1952 27 1952 27 1952 27 1952 27 1952 H 27 1952 27 1952 27 1952 48 27 1952 286740 28 1953 28 1953 28 1 19 1953
66 1. 28 1 1953 P 28 2 1 1953 28 2 1 1953 28 2 20 1953 28 2 28 1953 28 3 1953 28 4 1953 28 4 1953 28 4 1953 28 4 1 1953 28 4 1 1953 28 4 6 1953 28 4 25 1953 28 5 1 1953 28 5 6 1953 28 5 8 1953 28 6 1953 28 6 1953 28 7 1 1953 28 7 6 1953 28 7 6 1953 28 7 22 1953 28 7 1953 P 28 8 1 1953 28 8 11 1953 28 8 14 1953 28 8 15 1953 28 8 1953 8 28 9 9 1953 28 9 1953 28 10 1 1953 28 10 1 1953
67 1. 28 10 5 1953 28 10 13 1953 28 10 1953 28 11 1953 28 11 30 1953 28 12 1953 JIS JIS B7121 28 1953 28 1953 28 1953 28 1953 28 1953 28 1953 28 1953 28 1953 28 1953 28 1953 28 1953 P100 28 1953 62 28 1953 325334 29 1 1954 29 1 1954 29 1 1954 29 1 15 1954 29 1 28 1954 29 2 1 1954 29 2 1954 29 3 1954 29 3 1954 29 3 1954 29 3 8 1954 29 3 19 1954 29 4 1954 29 4 1 1954 29 4 1954 29 4 1 1954 29 4 10 1954 29 4 26 1954 29 5 1 1954
68 1. 29 5 1 1954 29 5 1954 29 5 1954 29 5 29 1954 29 6 15 1954 29 6 1954 29 7 1 1954 29 7 2 1954 29 7 5 1954 29 7 25 1954 29 7 1954 29 7 1954 29 8 1 1954 29 8 1954 8 29 8 10 1954 7 35 8 30 29 8 30 1954 29 9 15 1954 29 10 1 1954 29 10 6 1954 29 10 26 1954 29 11 1954 29 11 1954 29 11 1954 29 11 1954 29 11 18 1954 29 12 1954 29 12 1954 29 1954 29 1954 29 1954 29 1954 29 1954 29 1954 29 1954 29 1954 93 29 1954 439205 30 1 1 1955 30 1 1 1955 30 1 1955 30 1 1955 30 1 1955 30 1 1955
69 1. 30 1 15 1955 30 2 1 1955 30 2 1955 30 2 1955 30 3 1955 30 3 1955 30 3 20 1955 ZB 30 4 1955 30 4 1955 30 4 1955 1955 30 4 1955 30 4 1955 30 4 1955 30 4 1 1955 1954 30 4 1 1955 30 4 1 1955 30 4 1 1955 30 4 8 1955 30 4 8 1955 P 30 5 1 1965 30 5 1955 30 5 1955 30 5 25 1955 30 5 27 1955 30 6 1 1955 30 6 1 1955 30 6 1955 30 6 1955 7 50 30 6 1955 30 7 1955 30 7 1955 30 7 1 1955 1955
70 1. 30 7 5 1955 BLW11 12.5 6 30 20 65ZG BL 30 7 11 1955 30 7 11 1955 30 7 15 1955 30 7 25 1955 30 7 1955 30 8 1955 30 8 1955 30 8 1955 30 8 8 1955 30 8 15 1955 30 8 15 1955 30 8 20 1955 30 9 1 1955 30 9 25 1955 30 9 1955 PM 30 9 1955 30 9 1955 30 9 1955 30 9 1955 30 10 1955 30 10 1 1955 30 10 1 1955 30 10 1 1955 30 10 1 1955 30 10 17 1955 30 11 1 1955 30 11 1955 30 11 1955 30 12 1955 30 12 1955 30 12 10 1955 P824 30 12 27 1955
71 1. 30 1955 30 1955 30 1955 30 1955 30 1955 30 1955 30 1955 30 1955 100 30 1955 717949 31 1956 31 1956 JIS 31 1 1956 31 1 1956 31 1 6 1956 31 1 30 1956 31 1 31 1956 31 2 1956 31 2 1956 31 2 1 1956 31 3 1 1956 31 3 1 1956 31 3 15 1956 31 4 1 1956 Z 31 4 1956 24 30 31 4 1956 31 4 1956 31 4 1956 31 5 1956 31 5 10 1956 31 5 21 1956 CdS 31 5 31 1956 86 30 7 35 7 50 8 30ZIF ZCF TRANON 31 7 10 1956 31 7 24 1956 31 8 10 1956 31 9 1 1956 31 9 15 1956
72 1. 31 9 1956 31 9 1956 P 31 9 1956 31 9 1956 31 10 1 1956 31 10 1 1956 31 10 1 1956 31 10 1 1956 31 10 8 1956 31 10 1956 31 11 1 1956 31 11 1 1956 31 11 16 1956 78 31 11 1956 31 11 1956 31 11 1956 31 11 1956 52S56S 63S 61S 1S 2S 3S 31 12 1 1956 31 12 25 1956 M 31 12 1956 31 12 1956 31 12 1956 31 12 30 1956 31 1956 31 1956 31 1956 31 1956 31 1956 P744 31 1956 871044 32 1 10 1957 32 1 10 1957 32 1 15 1957 32 1 18 1957 31 2 1 1957
73 1. 32 2 14 1957 32 2 1957 32 3 4 1957 32 3 1957 32 4 1 1957 32 4 1 1957 32 4 1 1957 32 4 1 1957 32 4 1 1957 32 4 3 1957 32 4 1957 32 4 1957 32 5 1957 32 5 7 1957 32 6 18 1957 32 6 1957 32 7 1 1957 32 7 17 1957 32 7 24 1957 32 8 15 1957 32 8 20 1957 32 9 1 1957 32 9 1957 32 9 1957 32 10 1 1957 32 10 1 1957 32 10 4 1957 32 10 1957 32 1957 32 1957 32 1957 32 1957
74 1. 32 1957 32 1957 32 1957 32 1957 1097491 33 1 15 1958 P 33 1 20 1958 33 2 28 1958 33 3 1 1958 33 3 3 1958 33 3 21 1958 33 3 1958 33 3 30 1958 33 4 1 1958 3 33 4 1958 33 4 1958 33 6 1958 33 7 1958 33 1958 33 1958 33 1958 333 33 3 22 1958 33 3 1958 33 7 1958 33 10 27 1958 33 11 3 1958 33 11 17 1958 33 12 1 1958 6 87 8 33 12 1 1958 33 1958 1301599 34 1 1 1959 34 1 1 1959 34 1 23 1959 34 3 1 1959 34 4 1959 34 4 1959
75 1. 34 4 1959 34 5 1 1959 34 5 1 1959 34 5 11 1960 34 5 1959 34 5 1959 34 6 18 1959 34 6 19 1959 34 6 19 1959 34 7 1959 LJ. XXX 34 7 19 1959 34 8 20 1959 34 9 1 1959 34 10 18 1959 34 10 1959 34 1959 34 1959 34 1959 34 1959 34 1959 2 34 1959 6 34 1959 214 34 1959 1470653 35 1960 35 1960 35 1960 6 35 1960 4 35 1960 7 50 35 1960 35 1 1960
76 1. 35 3 1 1960 35 3 25 1960 35 4 21 1960 35 5 1 1960 35 7 12 1960 35 7 23 1960 7 35Z 35 7 25 1960 P748 35 7 1960 35 8 1 1960 35 8 5 1960 35 8 5 1960 35 8 1960 35 37 35 9 1960 35 9 30 1960 35 10 1960 35 10 29 1960 35 1960 219 35 1960 1291066 36 3 20 1961 36 4 1 1961 36 4 1961 36 4 1961 36 4 1961 36 5 1 1961 36 6 1 1961 36 6 10 1961, 36 7 1 1961 36 9 1961 36 11 1 1961 36 11 6 1961 36 12 1 1961 8 30BWCF 8 40ZCF 8 40BWCF 8.5 40BWCF 10 50 BWCF 10 50ZWCF 36 12 1961 36 1961 36 1961
77 1. 36 1961 36 1961 223 36 1961 1114964 37 1962 37 1962 37 1962 3 37 1962 7 50 37 1 16 1962 37 2 9 1962 37 3 1962 37 3 1962 37 4 1962 37 4 1962 37 5 1 1962 76 8 37 7 11 1962 37 7 16 1962 37 8 1 1962 37 8 1962 37 9 5 1962 37 9 22 1962 37 9 1962 37 9 1962 37 10 6 1962 37 10 11 1962 37 10 1962 37 10 1962 37 12 1 1962 37 12 1962 37 1962 37 1962 37 1962 221
78 1. 37 1962 1406998 38 3 1963 38 3 1963 38 4 2 1963 38 4 3 1963 13 38 4 10 1963 38 4 15 1963 38 5 1 1963 38 5 1963 38 6 1 1963 38 6 1 1963 38 7 15 1963 38 8 1 1963 38 8 15 1963 38 10 1 1963 38 10 10 1963 38 10 18 1963 38 11 1963 38 11 1963 38 12 27 1963 38 1963 38 1963 215 38 1963 1622280 39 1 1 1964 39 2 1964 50 P96 39 3 1 1964 39 3 5 1964 39 3 11 1964 39 4 1 1964 39 4 1 1964 39 7 1964 39 8 23 1964 9 23 400 39 1964 P56
79 1. 39 1964 1 39 1964 1 39 1964 39 1964 39 1964 39 1964 212 39 1964 1884708 40 1965 BK7 40 1965 40 1965 40 3 1 1965 7 50 6 30 8 30 40 4 20 1965 40 5 1 1965 40 6 1 1965 40 7 1 1965 40 8 1 1965 40 8 29 1965 40 1965 232 40 1965 2519292 41 1 24 1966 41 4 1966 41 4 26 1966 41 5 1966 41 1966 G 41 1966 7 50 7 35 ZCF 7 50ZCF 41 11 1 1966 41 11 30 1966 41 12 10 1966 41 1966 222 41 1966 2894460 42 1 1 1967 42 1 11 1967 42 3 1 1967 39 42 6 15 1967 42 7 26 1967
80 1. 42 9 16 1967 26 7 7 42 11 11 1967 42 1967 42 42 1967 235 42 1967 3204348 43 4 1968 43 43 5 1968 43 8 1968 43 8 1968 230 43 1968 43 1968 3210972 44 3 1969 44 6 30 1969 LJ 44 1969 P244 44 1969 P144 44 1969 295 45 1970 F2 SK5 SF2 45 1970 267 46 3 31 1971 46 4 1 1971 48 6 1973 48 11 1973 48 12 1973 48 1973 P360 50 5 1975 50 5 1975 BaK4 51 1976 JIS 51 3 17 1976 52 5 20 1977 P112 53 2 11 1978 53 5 1978 P316 53 8 1978 53 9 1978 B.P.G2 55 1980 6 20D 8 20D 57 2 1982 V 8 23 10 25 57 7 23 1982 92 57 10 31 1982 60 2 1985 JIS P759
81 1. 3 1991 8 22 6.5 5 6 20 1993 75 P484 P144 8 1996 12 36IS 12 2000 AS 13 7 23 2001 P266
82 2. 1955 1942 1957 50 1967 75 1992 50 1982 1963 50 1978 50 1969 1973 10 1969 1954 1929 9 1950 1943 50 1964 1977 1982 2001 1948 1929 1934 1934 1940 A.Konig 1943 1940 5 1939 1943 1930 1966 1955 1955 1999 56 10 1980 1964 1978 1949 1956 ~57 1956 1957 1957 1965 1965 1969 1969
83 2. Machinery Japan Guide Book of Japan Optical & Precision Japan Optical & Precision 1955 Japanese Optical and Precision Instruments Manufacturers Instruments Manufacturers Instruments 1955 Association Association GUIDE BOOK OF JAOANESE Japan Optical & Precision Japan Optical & Precision 1971 OPTICAL PRECISION INSTRUMENTS Instruments Manufacturers Instruments Manufacturers 1971 72 Association Association GUIDE BOOK OF JAOANESE Japan Optical & Precision Japan Optical & Precision 1974 OPTICAL PRECISION INSTRUMENTS Instruments Manufacturers Instruments Manufacturers 1974 Association Association 10 1969 30 1980 MILESTONES 100Jahre Ferngläser Wolfgang Pfeiffer Carl Zeiss (Oberkochen) 1993 von Zeiss CARLZEISS progress technology VEB CARL ZEISS 1975 tradition Militärische Ferngläser und Fernrohre Hans Seeger 1995 in Heer, Luftwaffe, Marine Fernoptik (zweite auflage) Chriatian von Hofe 1924 Die Fernlohre und Entfernungismesser Albert König 1923 Die Fernlohre und Entfernungismesser Albert König 1934 (zweite auflage) FeldstecherFernglaser im Wandel der Hans Seeger 1989 Zeit BINOCULARS AND ALL PURPOSE Henry Paul AMPHOTO 1980 TELESCOPES BINOCULARS OPERA GRASSES Fred Watson SHIRE PUBLICATIONS 1995 AND FIELD GRASSES DIE THEORIE DER MODERNEN Alexander Gleichen FERDINAND ENKE 1911 OPTISCHEN INSTRUMENTE Repairing &adjusting BINOCULARS Alii Service Notes Alii Service Notes 1996 AMATEUR TELESCOPE MAKING Scientific American 1971 (BOOK3) LENS-WORK FOR AMATEURS Henry Orford Sir Isaac Pitman & Sons 1918 1932 1934 1927 6 1935 1932 TOKO 1932 1927 1940 1947 1950 1953
84 2. 1956 1969 1973