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Transcription:

Web Research on Platforms for Facilitating Creative Activities on the Web Kouichirou Eto 2010 1

i World Wide Web Web Web 1991 Web 2 Web Web Web Web Web 3 (1) (2) (3) 3 2 Web Wiki (1) Wiki (2) Wiki (3)

ii 18,000 3,000 ML Web Web 3D 3D 3D 3D Web (1) Web (2) (3) Web 17 3,000 14.3% 2 Web 2

Abstract iii The human being has been doing expression since ancient times. These expressions caught the big influence from the development of the science and technology. The development of computer and communication technology brought in a wide variety of expression fields called media art based on the computer usage. The newest technology is the largest communication network, the Internet, that ties persons and computers all over the world, and the information sharing system, the World Wide Web (Web) based on the Hypertext. Now, we demand a new expression area which uses the latest technology such as Web technology. At first, Web that had appeared in 1991 was constructed as an information sharing system assumed to be based on equal relationship between the members in a laboratory. However, it has been divided from the place of an equal information sharing environment into the place for persons who send information and the place for persons who passively receive information in the process of the Web spreading to general public out of the narrow academia. It was difficult to publish information for general public because the installation of a Web server is difficult and creation of a Web page needed a special skill. In addition, the creative activity needs the audience. People cannot continue expression alone without connection with other people. The structure for making a community through expression acts is demanded. The objective of this research is to overcome these problems and enabling the Web as platforms for creative activities. First, the following three targets are considered. (1) The user who want to perform expression can start his or her action promptly. (2) When a user creates a product, other users can see the product and they can communicate about the product on the same system. (3) The users can generate a community through of their products. The users can easily facilitate the succession and recycle the products. I built two kinds of systems based on such three targets. Many users used the systems, and I obtained feedbacks from the users. First, I built a collaboration system to create documents with cooperative process. I used the email system as the communication medium which many people are familiar with and combined with Wiki, which is a system that can manage a process of cooperative document creation on Web browsers. I developed a document creation platform on which everyone is able to begin to use easily and produce documents in collaboration with other users if necessary.

iv The target (1) was achieved by using the email system as a base platform which many people feels familiar with. The target (2) is achieved by making the environment in which the users can share the mails on the mailing list which are combined a Wiki system to create documents. The target (3) is achieved by using Wiki which the members in the group can edit freely. The collaboration system was actually opened to the public and the system is used by many users. I distributed questionnaires to the users and analyzed the system log. As a result, I found the tendency that group members that meet less frequently in face-to-face used the system more frequently. In other words, a group which frequently uses the Web meets the characteristic of the system. Therefore, I achieved the three target by constructing the collaboration system on Web Next, I built a platform which enables the users to create moving 3D models and share the models on the Web. The moving 3D model controlled by the physical law is a new expression technique enabled by the computer. People often see such images frequently on television or game. However, since the special skill is required for such work, people cannot create such moving 3D models easily. I built a system which enables the users can build such moving 3D models easily only by connecting modules. The user can build a model easily just by connecting modules similar to the Lego blocks. I prepared a Web site for the users to share moving 3D models, and users can enjoy the succession and reuse of the models. For the target (1), I built a 3D model creation software with simple user interface, and published it on the Web. For the target (2), a model sharing site was built, and the model construction software makes the users to upload models easily. For the target (3), the users can read the models created by other users and edit some models and republish the edited models. I visualized the reuse process of these models. As a result, the total download number of the model creation software came up to 170,000, and more than 3,000 models were registered. The measurement of the model relationship shows that 14.3% of the registered models was the reuse of already registered models. In addition, I was able to confirm not only reuse of the models but also communications between the users promote creation activities. I analyzed questionnaires to the users and the access log of the systems. In this thesis, I clarified the targets and the requirement for the creative activities platform on the Web. I built two systems, serve them on the Web and measured the effectiveness through various experiments.

v 1 1 1.1................................... 1 1.2.................................... 2 1.2.1........... 2 1.2.2................ 2 1.3.................................... 3 2 4 2.1......................... 4 2.1.1................ 5 2.1.2...................... 6 2.1.3.......................... 9 2.1.4.................. 11 2.1.5.................................. 13 2.2.................... 14 2.2.1.................... 14 2.2.2 Web............................... 16 2.2.3 Web........... 22 2.2.4 WikiWikiWeb.............................. 23 2.2.5 Web 2.0............................. 28 2.2.6.................................. 31 2.3 Web............. 31 2.3.1 Web........... 31 2.3.2........................ 32 2.3.3..................... 34 2.3.4 Web............. 37

vi 2.3.5.................................. 38 2.4............................. 39 2.4.1........... 39 2.4.2. 39 2.4.3 Web........ 40 2.4.4..................... 40 2.5..................................... 41 3 42 3.1.................................... 42 3.2................................. 45 3.3.................................... 48 3.4.................................... 50 3.4.1............................ 50 3.4.2............................ 52 3.4.3....................... 53 3.5..................................... 54 4 56 4.1.................................... 56 4.2................................. 57 4.3....................................... 58 4.3.1................. 58 4.3.2................................. 59 4.3.3.............................. 59 4.3.4................................. 61 4.3.5................................. 61 4.4....................................... 63 4.4.1 qwikweb............................ 63 4.4.2 Wiki........................... 64 4.5....................................... 68 4.5.1.............................. 68 4.5.2.................................. 71 4.6.................................... 72 4.6.1............................. 72

vii 4.6.2............................. 75 4.6.3................................... 77 4.6.4................................. 79 4.6.5................................... 82 4.7..................................... 84 5 86 5.1.................................... 86 5.2................................. 88 5.3....................................... 88 5.3.1.......................... 89 5.3.2.......................... 89 5.3.3....................... 90 5.3.4........................... 90 5.3.5........................... 91 5.4....................................... 91 5.4.1.......................... 91 5.4.2............................. 96 5.4.3................................. 101 5.4.4....................... 103 5.5............................... 103 5.6.................................... 106 5.6.1................................. 106 5.6.2............................. 107 5.6.3.............................. 109 5.7..................................... 112 6 113 6.1................................. 113 6.2.................................... 116 117 122 A qwikweb 131

viii B Modulobe 136

ix 2.1 Web WorldWideWeb............. 18 2.2 Mosaic 0.6 beta.................... 21 2.3 WikWikiWeb................................. 24 2.4 DotPaint........................... 35 2.5 DotPaint................................ 36 2.6 F............. 37 3.1 Web......................... 51 4.1 Wiki ML Wiki 62 4.2.................... 67 4.3 ML............................... 68 4.4.............................. 69 4.5 ML Wiki................ 70 4.6 ML............................. 71 4.7 Wiki............................ 72 4.8 Wiki (1)................... 73 4.9 Wiki (2)................... 74 5.1........................ 92 5.2 a b c d.. 94 5.3 Modulobe............................ 97 5.4........................ 98

x 5.5............................ 99 5.6................. 100 5.7................. 100 5.8........................... 101 5.9 Modulobe..................... 102 5.10....................... 104 5.11................................. 105 5.12............................ 107 5.13....................... 109 5.14.................... 109 5.15.............................. 110 5.16....................... 111 5.17....................... 111

xi 4.1 qwikweb........... 63 4.2 Wiki 80 5.1 CPU........ 92 5.2......................... 93 5.3 80Hz........................ 93 5.4.............. 95 5.5........... 95 5.6............................. 108 5.7.................................. 108

1 1 1.1 20 Web 1991 World Wide Web Web 2 Web Web

2 1 Web 1.2 Web 2 1.2.1 Web Web Web Wiki Wiki Wiki 1.2.2 3D 3D CG 3D CG 3D 3D Web

1.3 3 3D 1.3 2 Web Web 3 2 4 Web 5 3D 6 Web 2

4 2 2 Web 2.1 2.2 Web Web 2.3 Web 2.4 2.1 2.1.1 2.1.2 20

2.1 5 2.1.3 2.1.4 2.1.1 18,000 [1] [2] 18 Immanuel Kant [3] 3 ( ) ( ) ( ) 1790 [4]

6 2 Clement Greenberg [5] flatness Jackson Pollock media specific 2.1.2 18 Ludwig van Beethoven

2.1 7 19 1840 [6] 20 20 Futurism Luigi Russolo [7] 1962 Umberto Eco Open Work [8] 60

8 2 [9, 10, 7, 11] Nam June Paik Karlheinz Stockhausen John Cage Fluxus 1963 12 2 1963 & E.A.T. Experiments in Art and Technology [12] 1966 AT&T Billy Kluver Robert Rauschenberg E.A.T. 1966 10 30 10 9 10 10,000 & FM 2 3

2.1 9 VII 10 E.A.T. 1970 1974 Myron Krueger VideoPlace VideoPlace 2 20 2.1.3 Joseph Beuys

10 2 Social sculpture 1974 [13] 1970 1982 7,000 [14] 7,000 1 7,000 [15] more trees [16] Christopher Alexander [17] [18] [19]

2.1 11 Pattern language [20] 1971 2 1975 [21] 20 2.1.4 1984 [22, 11, 23, 24] Marshall McLuhan 1962 [25, 26] Global village 1984 [27] George Orwell 1984

12 2 Merce Cunningham Hole-In-Space Kit Galloway Sherrie Rabinowitz Hole-In-Space 1980 [28] 2 1 2 Electronic Cafe Electronic Cafe 1984 5 TV TV

2.1 13 1989 Electronic Cafe International 1995 6 Electronic Cafe Tokyo Electronic Cafe 20 2.1.5 20

14 2 20 2.2 2.2.1 2.2.2 Web Web 2.2.3 Web 2.2.4 1995 WikiWikiWeb 2.2.5 Web Web 2.0 2.2.1 [29, 30] 1945 Vannevar Bush As We May Think Memex

2.2 15 1960 J.C.R. J. C. R. Licklider Man-Computer Symbiosis 1968 The Computer as a Communication Device ARPA IPTO ARPANET NLS 1968 12 SRI Douglas Engelbart Fall Joint Computer Conference NLS online System GUI Graphical User Interface CSCW Computer supported cooperative work Alan Kay [31] 1 1971 Xerox PARC Dynabook 1972 Alto Smalltalk [32, 33] GUI Smalltalk

16 2 GUI Smalltalk GUI Computer literacy Theodor Holm Nelson NLS Xanadu [34] 2.2.2 Web World Wide Web 1991 CERN Tim Berners-Lee World Wide Web Web [35] CERN CERN SGML Standard Generalized Markup Language HTML HyperText Markup Language HTML

2.2 17 HTML Web Web WorldWideWeb 2.1 Web Nexus Web 2.1 HyperMedia Browser/Editor Web Web Web Web [35] Web 3 (1) URI (Universal Resource Identifiers) (2) HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol) (3) HTML (HyperText Markup Language) Web 3 3 Web Web 3 Web URI[36, 37] URI URI Web URI URI Gopher gopher:// URI

18 2 2.1. Web WorldWideWeb Web Gopher Gopher Gopher Web Web URI URI URI 1994 RFC1630[36] Universal Resource Identifiers 1998 RFC2396[37] Uniform Resource Identifiers

2.2 19 URI Web Web Web HTTP RFC1945[38] HTTP/1.0 HTTP HTTP/1.1 [39] HTTP Roy Fielding HTTP REST Architectural Style [40] HTTP HTTP HTTP HTTP HTTP HTML[41, 42] HTML Web Web HTML Web Web Web Web Web HTML Web Web HTML Web Web HTML

20 2 NCSA Mosaic Web 1993 4 NCSA National Center for Supercomputing Application 2 Marc Andreessen Eric Bina Mosaic Web [43] 2.2 Mosaic Mosaic Mosaic Web Nexus Mosaic Mosaic Web Web Mosaic HTML IMG Web Mosaic Mosaic Web 1993 12 Mosaic 2.0 Mosaic Mosaic 2.0 Mosaic Web Web Mosaic Mosaic 2.0 form GUI Web Mosaic 2.0 NCSA NCSA httpd Web

2.2 21 2.2. Mosaic 0.6 beta Web CGI Common Gateway Interface [44] Web Web Web CGI Web CGI Perl

22 2 CGI Web Web Web HTML Web Web Web Web CGI 1991 Web CGI Web Web 2.2.3 Web 1994 Web Web JODI JODI Web [28, 45] JODI Web Web HTML Web Web HTML Web JODI Web Web HTML HTML Web HotWired HTML Web JODI

2.2 23 Web 100 [46] 1995 NIFTY SERVE 1 8 100 Web Web Twitter 10 1995 Web Web Web Web 2.2.4 WikiWikiWeb Web Web WikiWikiWeb

24 2 2.3. WikWikiWeb WikiWikiWeb 1994 Ward Cunningham Web Portland Pattern Repository [47] Web Web Web 1994 Perl CGI 1995 3 25 Web WikiWikiWeb [48] [49] 2.3 WikiWikiWeb Portland Pattern Repository WikiWikiWeb WikiWikiWeb Web Wiki Ward s Wiki c2.com C2 Wiki

2.2 25 WikiWikiWeb Wiki WikiWikiWeb wiki wiki [50] wiki wiki bus wiki wiki Quick Web WikiWikiWeb Wiki Wiki Wiki Wiki Wiki Design Principles Wiki 11 3 Wiki Wiki Wiki Open Incremental Organic Mundane Universal

26 2 Overt Unified Precise Tolerant Observable Convergent Wiki Trust Wiki Wiki AssumeGoodFaithLimitations Fun Sharing Ward Cunningham, Wiki Design Principles, 2002 [51] 11 3 Wiki

2.2 27 C2 Wiki Wiki 1995 WikiWikiWeb 1995 11 1997 Peter Merel WikiBase CvWiki CvWiki 1 CVS Concurrent Versions System WayBackMode 1998 CvWiki AtisWiki CVS RCS 1999 Clifford Adams AtisWiki UseModWiki HTML Sunir Shah UseModWiki 2000 4 MeatballWiki Wiki Web Wiki 2001 1 Wikipedia [52] Wikipedia Lee Daniel Crocker Wiki MediaWiki [53] MediaWiki Wikipedia Wiki Wiki Wiki C2 Wiki 2001 Bo Leuf 2 Wiki Wiki Way [54] C2 Wiki C2 Wiki Wiki Wikipedia Wiki Wiki Wiki Wiki Wiki C2 Wiki Wiki

28 2 Wiki MeatballWiki Wiki Wiki C2 Wiki Wiki Wiki Wiki Wiki C2 Wiki Wiki 2.2.5 Web 2.0 Web Web 2.0 Web 2.0 Web 2.0[55] Tim O reilly 2000 Web 1 [56, 57] 1990 Web Ver 1.0 Web 1.0 2000 Web Ver 2.0 Web 2.0 Web Web 2.0 Web 2.0 7 (1) Web (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) 7 Web 1.0 Web 2.0 Web 2.0 Web1.0

2.2 29 Web 2.0 Web2.0 Web2.0 Architecture of participation 2 1 Web 2.0 HTML Web Web Web Youtube[58] 5 Flickr SNS Youtube Flickr Web 2.0 Web 1 Web

30 2 1 Mashup 2001 [59] Lawrence Lessig Creative Commons [60] 2001 Flickr Wikipedia Web 2.0 Web 1 Wikipedia [52] 2001 Jimmy Wales Larry Sanger Wiki Web Wikipedia Web 2.0 7 1 Web 2.0 Web Web

2.3 Web 31 2.2.6 Web Web Web Web Web Web 2.0 Web 2.3 Web Web 2.3.1 Web Web 2.3.2 Web 2.3.3 2.3.4 Web 2.3.1 Web 1991 Anonymous FTP Gopher Web

32 2 Gopher Web Web Web Web 1993 12 Mosaic 2.0 CGI Web 1994 2 CGI Web Web URI Web Web Gopher Anonymous FTP Web Web CGI FORM [61] Web Web CGI Web 2.3.2 CGI Web Web PeepHole 1994 Silicon Graphics Indy Web Web PeepHole

2.3 Web 33 Web CGI JPEG Web PeepHole MPEG 1 Web Web 1991 Trojan Room coffee pot [62] 1991 Web xcoffee Web PeepHole Web RemoteEye 1995 PeepHole Web RemoteEye Sony Web [63] 1 1 Web

34 2 WWW 1995 RemoteEye Field Eye [64] Web Web 2.3.3 PeepHole Web Web DotPaint 1995 4 Web DotPaint [65] 1 Web Web 2.4 DotPaint DotPaint 2.5 DotPaint 4 3D 9 8

2.3 Web 35 2.4. DotPaint NTT Web NTT DotPaint 1 NTT Web Web on the Web 1995 on the Web Adobe Illustrator 2.6 F on the Web Web Macintosh Unix Web NTT InterCommunication 95 on the Web [66]

36 2 2.5. DotPaint

2.3 Web 37 2.6. F 2.3.4 Web PeepHole RemoteEye RemotePiano 1996 RemotePiano RemotePiano Web 8 8 Java Applet 8 MIDI RealVideo

38 2 Music Plays Images Images Play Music SoundCreatures 1998 Canon ARTLAB SoundCreatures RemotePiano Web RemotePiano 1 1 1 SoundCreatures Web Web 2.3.5 Web Web Web Web Web Web Web Web Web

2.4 39 2.4 2.4.1 Web 2.4.2

40 2 Web Web Web Web Web Web 2.0 Web 2.4.3 Web Web Web Web Web 2.4.4 Web

2.5 41 8 2.5 Web Web Web 2.4 8 Web Web

42 3 3 3.1 2 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.1 Web Electoronic Cafe Web Web URI

3.1 43 Web Web Web Web Web Web Web Web 3 (1) (2) (3) 3 (1) Web Web Web

44 3 Web Web 2 Web Web Web Java (2)

3.2 45 (3) Web Web 3.2 Web 3 6 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) 6

46 3 (1) Web HTML Web HTML Web 3D CG (2)

3.2 47 (3) (4) (5) (6) Web Web

48 3 3.3 Web 6 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) Web 3 (1) Web Web Web (2) (3)

3.3 49 Web 3 (4) (5) (6) Web Web URI HTTP HTML Web

50 3 3.4 3.4.1 3.4.2 4 5 3.4.3 3.4.1 Web Web Web 3.1 6 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) 6 (1) Web Web Web

3.4 51 3.1. Web (2) (3) (4) (5)

52 3 (6) 3.4.2 4 5 Web 4 4 3.2 (1) (5) 5 (6) 3.3 6 Wiki Web Wiki Web HTML Web Web (1)

3.4 53 5 3D 3D GUI 3 3D 3D (6) (1) (6) Web Windows Web Web 3D 3.4.3

54 3 (1) (2) (3) OS 3.5 2 Web 3 (1) (2) (3) 3 6 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) Web 6 (1) (2)

3.5 55 (3) (4) (5) (6) 2 4 5 (1) (2) (3) 3

56 4 4.1 4 Web 3 Web 6 (1) (5) 5 (6) 3 6

4.2 57 Web Web Wiki Web HTML Web Web Wiki Web 3 URI HTTP HTML Web Web 2 (1) 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.2 Wiki Wiki Wiki Wiki JotSpot[67] Wiki Wiki PukiWiki[68] Hiki[69] Wiki Semantic Web

58 4 SemanticWiki Wiki [70, 71] Wiki Guzdial CoWeb Wiki [72] 2 120 Wiki 10 Wang Wiki [73] Brereton Wiki [74] 4.3 4.3.1 ML Lotus Notes[75] [76] 1 [76]

4.3 59 [77] [78] 3 4.3.2 4.3.1 qwikweb Lotus Notes[75] [76] Wiki Wiki qwikweb Web 4.3.3 FAX Web

60 4 Web Wiki Web Wiki Wiki Web Wiki Wiki Wiki ML Wiki ML ML ML ML fml majordomo Yahoo! [79] freeml[80] ML ML ML ML / ML QuickML[81] QuickML ML ML QuickML / 1

4.3 61 4.3.4 qwikweb 3 Wiki (1) (1) ML ML Wiki Wiki Wiki (2) ML Wiki Wiki Wiki (3) ML Wiki (1) (3) 4.3.5 qwikweb Wiki Wiki Web Web Wiki Web Wiki Wiki

62 4 4.1. Wiki ML Wiki Web URI REST Architectural Style[40] URI URI

4.4 63 4.1. qwikweb qwikweb 4.4 4.4.1 qwikweb qwikweb QuickML Wiki ML Wiki QuickML Wiki qwikweb ML Wiki 4.1 qwikweb ML Wiki wikigroup wikigroup@qwik.jp wikigroup@qwik.jp ML Wiki wikigroup Wiki 4.1 Wiki ML Wiki 1 ML Wiki ML Wiki Wiki Wiki Wiki Wiki Wiki 1 Wiki qwikweb Wiki Wiki Wiki URI URI Wiki Wiki

64 4 Wiki ML Wiki ML cc Wiki Wiki qwikweb ML Wiki Wiki qwikweb Wiki ML Wiki ML Wiki qwikweb Web qwikweb ID Web ID Web ID 4.4.2 Wiki Wiki Ruby[82] Web Ruby Web WEBrick[83] Ruby

4.4 65 Wiki XP [84, 85] 2003 Wiki Web Wiki Web URI URI Wiki Wiki qwikweb Qwik::Config Wiki Wiki Wiki Qwik::ServerMemory Wiki Qwik::Session Wiki Session Qwik::Request WEBrick::HTTPRequest Qwik::Response WEBrick::HTTPResponse Qwik::Action Action Config, ServerMemory, Request, Response 4

66 4 Action#run Request Reponse 1 Request Response Web Web Web Web Web Action URI plg ext act plg_hello {{hello}} ext_hello http://qwik.jp/testpage.hello act_hello http://qwik.jp/.hello URI Action 4.2 plg_hello act_hello 2 1

4.4 67 $LOAD_PATH <<../../lib unless $LOAD_PATH.include?(../../lib ) module Qwik class Action def plg_hello(target= world ) return [:strong, "hello, {target}!"] end def act_hello c_notice( hello, world! ) { hi, there. } end end end if $0 == FILE require qwik/test-common $test = true end if defined?($test) $test class TestActSample < Test::Unit::TestCase include TestSession def test_plg_hello ok_wi([:strong, hello, world! ], {{hello}} ) ok_wi([:strong, hello, qwik! ], {{hello(qwik)}} ) end def test_act_hello t_add_user res = session( /test/.hello ) ok_xp([:title, hello, world! ], //title ) ok_in([ hi, there. ], //div[@class="section"] ) end end end 4.2.

68 4 4.3. ML 4.5 4.5.1 qwikweb 2003 8 qwik.jp *1 2010 1 qwik.jp 2007 5 ML 3,110 18,519 ML 4.3 ML ML Wiki ML ML 648 7.7 10 ML ML 70 ML Wiki Wiki qwikweb Wiki ML 2,235 145.1 ML 875 42.4 Wiki ML 10 *1 http://qwik.jp/

4.5 69 4.4. QuickML ML 50 4.4 Wiki ML Wiki ML 70 Wiki 40 ML Wiki ML 10 1,909 1 ML 40 1.6 1 40 ML 25 505 2 ML ML 18,519 ML 48 1.3 20 3,515 2 ML ML qwikweb Wiki ML 4.5 Wiki Wiki ML 9 11 12 13 17 19 23 24 Wiki 17 18 ML

70 4 4.5. ML Wiki Wiki Wiki ML 50 Wiki 50 1 ML ML 3,110 64 8 54 ML 4.6 ML 4.7 Wiki Wiki ML Wiki 4.8 4.9 Wiki ML Wiki

4.5 71 4.6. ML qwikweb ML Wiki qwikweb 4.5.2 Software Design 2005 8 2006 7 12 Wiki 1 qwikweb [86] qwikweb qwikweb [87] qwikweb [88] qwikweb qwikweb qwikweb

72 4 4.7. Wiki 4.6 4.6.1 4.3.4 Wiki Wiki 4.5.1 qwikweb Wiki Wiki

4.6 73 4.8. Wiki (1) Wiki Wiki Wiki Wiki Wiki Wiki Wiki qwikweb (1) ML Wiki Wiki (2) qwikweb Wiki Wiki (3) qwikweb Wiki Wiki Wiki Wiki

74 4 4.9. Wiki (2) qwikweb qwik.jp (1) qwik.jp (2) Wiki (3) qwik.jp (4) qwik.jp

4.6 75 Wiki Wiki 4.6.2 Wiki ML Web blog [56] [56, 89] Wiki Wiki Wiki [54] Wiki [90, 91] Wikipedia [92, 93] Wiki [89] [94, 95] Wiki Web Wiki [96] 3 3 10 15% 15 20% [96] 25 35%

76 4 Wiki [97] 90-9-1 Wiki 90% 9% Wiki 1% Wiki [97] 10 [96] 30% 2 [98] Col laboració [91] [90] Wiki [91, 90] [89] Wiki Wiki Wiki 2 Wiki Wiki Wiki Wiki [99] SNS SNS [100] ML

4.6 77 Wiki Wikipedia [92] Wikipedia Talk Talk [93] Wikipedia mixi[101] SNS Wiki Wikipedia 4.6.1 Wiki Wiki 4.6.3 qwik.jp Wiki Wiki 2004 2 23 2009 9 30 qwik.jp Wiki 1 Wiki qwikweb qwik.jp Wiki A Web URI Web

78 4 p self p other self p other member Wiki access Wiki create Wiki edit self pself edit self pother Wiki Wiki create Web Wiki ML Wiki access edit self pother create edit self pself Wiki [102] Wiki [96] Wiki Wiki [96] 25 35% n% n = 20, 30, 40 Wiki (1) 3 MMA (2) CP (1) (2) (n, {MMA, CP}) create(20, CP) create 20% 0 0

4.6 79 member 3 10 456 10 49 1 0 544 31 505 293 313 Wiki 4.6.3 CART R 2.8.1 rpart Gini leave-one-out cross-validation 4.6.4 Wiki Wiki 3 4.6.3 *2 N = 505 M = 0.79 Q9-3 = 0 N = 259 M = 0.34 Q13-4 = 0 N = 103 M = 0.26 Q7-3 = 0 N = 77 M = 0.47 * Q7-3 = 1 N = 26 M = 0.39 * Q13-4 = 1 N = 156 M = 0.73 *2 Q13 Wiki qwikweb Q9 Wiki

80 4 4.2. Wiki access create edit self pself edit self pother n% MMA CP MMA CP MMA CP MMA CP 20 1 1 4 2 7 4 4 2 30 1 1 4 9 7 7 4 2 40 1 1 4 6 7 6 3 2 Q8-1 = 1 N = 41 M = 0.06 * Q8-1 = 0 N = 115 M = 0.97 * Q9-3 = 1 N = 246 M = 1.26 Q8-1 = 1 N = 101 M = 0.78 Q13-6 = 0 N = 13 M = 0.12 * Q13-6 = 1 N = 88 M = 0.92 * Q8-1 = 0 N = 145 M = 1.59 Q2-4 = 1 N = 25 M = 0.81 * Q2-4 = 0 N = 120 M = 1.75 Q7-3 = 0 N = 77 M = 1.50 * Q7-3 = 1 N = 43 M = 2.20 * Wiki Wiki 4.2 access n = 20, 30, 40 access 1 access(40, MMA) 346 1 n = 30 n = 20, 40 n = 30 n = 30 [96] 30% n = 30 Qq-a = b q a b 0 1 Q13-5 = 1 A Q13 (5) N M * create(30, MMA) N = 505 M = 0.76

4.6 81 Q13-5 = 0 N = 165 M = 0.51 Q9-3 = 0 N = 123 M = 0.43 * Q9-3 = 1 N = 42 M = 0.73 * Q13-5 = 1 N = 340 M = 0.88 Q9-4 = 0 N = 165 M = 0.79 * Q9-4 = 1 N = 175 M = 0.97 * create(30, CP) N = 505 M = 0.43 Q9-3 = 0 N = 259 M = 0.26 Q19-2 = 1 N = 210 M = 0.22 Q9-4 = 0 N = 204 M = 0.20 Q8-2 = 0 N = 161 M = 0.15 * Q8-2 = 1 N = 43 M = 0.40 * Q9-4 = 1 N = 6 M = 0.83 * Q19-2 = 0 N = 49 M = 0.46 * Q9-3 = 1 N = 246 M = 0.60 Q5-3 = 1 N = 99 M = 0.47 * Q5-3 = 0 N = 147 M = 0.69 Q3-4 = 0 N = 74 M = 0.58 * Q3-4 = 1 N = 73 M = 0.79 Q14-4 = 1 N = 14 M = 0.53 Q8-3 = 0 N = 8 M = 0.22 * Q8-3 = 1 N = 6 M = 0.95 * Q14-4 = 0 N = 59 M = 0.85 * edit self pself (30, MMA) N = 505 M = 0.70 Q13-5 = 0 N = 165 M = 0.42 Q9-3 = 0 N = 123 M = 0.32 Q13-3 = 0 N = 60 M = 0.17 * Q13-3 = 1 N = 63 M = 0.46 Q8-1 = 1 N = 32 M = 0.25 * Q8-1 = 0 N = 31 M = 0.68 * Q9-3 = 1 N = 42 M = 0.72 * Q13-5 = 1 N = 340 M = 0.84 Q9-4 = 0 N = 165 M = 0.73 Q8-1 = 1 N = 35 M = 0.48 * Q8-1 = 0 N = 130 M = 0.79 *

82 4 Q9-4 = 1 N = 175 M = 0.94 * edit self pself (30, CP) N = 505 M = 0.40 Q9-3 = 0 N = 259 M = 0.23 Q13-4 = 0 N = 103 M = 0.10 * Q13-4 = 1 N = 156 M = 0.31 Q17-3 = 0 N = 137 M = 0.27 Q19-1 = 0 N = 128 M = 0.23 * Q19-1 = 1 N = 9 M = 0.81 * Q17-3 = 1 N = 19 M = 0.63 * Q9-3 = 1 N = 246 M = 0.58 Q5-3 = 1 N = 99 M = 0.45 Q3-3 = 0 N = 89 M = 0.40 * Q3-3 = 1 N = 10 M = 0.85 * Q5-3 = 0 N = 147 M = 0.68 * edit self pother (30, MMA) N = 505 M = 0.65 Q9-3 = 0 N = 259 M = 0.46 Q13-4 = 0 N = 103 M = 0.25 * Q13-4 = 1 N = 156 M = 0.61 * Q9-3 = 1 N = 246 M = 0.85 * edit self pother (30, CP) N = 505 M = 0.40 Q9-3 = 0 N = 259 M = 0.22 * Q9-3 = 1 N = 246 M = 0.60 * 4.6.5 4.6.4 Wiki Q9 Q13 Wiki Wiki

4.6 83 Wiki Wiki Q8-1=0 Q8-1=1 Wiki Wiki Q7-3=1 Q7-3=0 Wiki Q8 Q8-1=0 Wiki Q8-1=1 qwik.jp Q8-1=1 Q8-1=0 Q8-1=1 Wiki Q7-3=1 [90] Wiki create(30, CP) edit self pself (30, CP) Q5-3=1 Q5-3=0 face-to-face FtF Q5-1=1 Q5-2=1 FtF N = 207 Q5-3=1 Q5-4=1 FtF N = 285 2 create(30, CP) edit self pself (30, CP) create(30, CP) FtF 0.48 0.48 FtF 0.38 0.46 2 t Welch t(436.24) = 2.32 p <.05 edit self pself (30, CP) FtF 0.46 0.48 FtF 0.34 0.47 2 t Welch t(435.57) = 2.70

84 4 p <.01 Wiki Wiki [99] Wiki Wiki Wiki Wiki Wiki [103] Web [103] [104] Wiki edit self pself (30, CP) Q17 (3) create(30, CP) Q14-4 = 0 Q19-2 = 0 Q14-4 = 1 Q19-2 = 1 Wiki Wiki Q15 Wiki 4.7 qwikweb 18,000 3,000 ML 3 (1) Wiki (2)

4.7 85 Wiki (3) Web Web (1) Wiki Wiki Wiki (2) Wiki 2 Wiki Wiki Wiki Wiki

86 5 5.1 5 Web 4 (6) (1) (6) Web 3D 3D 3D 3D 3D Modulobe (1)

5.1 87 GUI 3 3D 3D 3 3D 3D 3D 3D Web Web Windows Web Web Web Web XML 3D

88 5 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.2 Soda Sodaplay[105] Springs World 3D[106] [107] Falco Sodaplay Springs World 3D[106] Sodaplay Waddoups Juice[108] Juice Open Dynamics Engine[109] 1999 SCEI PlayStation [110] Juice 5.3 Modulobe LEGO

5.3 89 MIT [111, 112] Modulobe 5.3.1 2 4 2 Modulobe 5.3.2 Modulobe Modulobe PC PC Modulobe

90 5 [113] Modulobe 5.3.3 Modulobe Modulobe 5.3.4 Web Web Web Web Web Modulobe ID

5.4 91 5.3.5 Modulobe XML [114] Modulobe MDLB [115] MDLB Web HTML [35] 1 5.4 Modulobe Visual C++ DirectX 9 5.4.1 [116] ODE[109] 1

92 5 5.1. 5.1. CPU CPU 10Hz 31.6 25% 28% 20Hz 12.5 25% 28% 40Hz 6.1 25% 28% 80Hz 3.0 25% 28% 160Hz 1.5 34% 38% 320Hz 0.8 49% 50%

5.4 93 5.2. 1.33GHz Core 2 Duo U7700 GM965 Express 2GB OS Windows XP Service Pack 2 5.3. 80Hz 2m * 0.5m * 0.1m 2kg 1.8kgm 2 300N/m 480N/(m/s) 300N/m 480N/(m/s) 60Hz 72m/s 2 5.1 5.1 5.2 5.3 Modulobe 10 5.1

94 5 5.2. a b c d 5.1 80Hz 3.0 5.1 CPU *1 80Hz CPU 80Hz 4 5.2 1.0 5.2 *1 Windows CPU

5.4 95 5.4. 1kg 1 1m 1.0m/s 2 ( ) 0.2N/m ( ) 0.03N/(m/s) ( ) 2.0N/m ( ) 0.1N/(m/s) ( ) 0.9 ( ) 0.1N/m ( ) ( ) 0.95 5.5. 0.5m * 0.1m 0.04 0.2 2.0m * 0.1m 0.0025 0.005 2.0m * 0.5m 0.0005 0.002 5.4 5.2a [107] 500 5.2b 300 5.2c 600 700

96 5 5.2d 400 400 5.5 5.4.2 Modulobe 5.3 2 4 ( 5.4) ( 5.4)

5.4 97 5.3. Modulobe 45 ±45 15 5.4 Z XY ( 5.5)

98 5 5.4. 15 ±90 360 1 1 12 1 5.5 1 90 4 45 3

5.4 99 5.5. & 5.6 Expand On 5.7 2 ( 5.8)

100 5 5.6. 5.7.

5.4 101 5.8. 5.4.3 ID ID A A ID A B A ID

102 5 <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <modulobe version="1.5" generator="modulobe ver 2.3.1"> <world> <speed>0</speed> </world> <view> <camera> <angle><x>15</x><y>0</y><z>0</z></angle> <distance>18.000000</distance> </camera> <focus ref="m0"/> </view> <model> <guid>urn:uuid:6bb5b73e-2096-486c-ab1b-90151c507f3e</guid> <iid>urn:uuid:d993ee21-1b3e-40b6-814c-5e685b691e7b</iid> <sid></sid> <info> <name>untitled</name> <author>anonymous</author> <comment></comment> </info> <environment>1</environment> <core ref="m0"> <angle><x>0</x><y>0</y><z>0</z></angle> </core> <body> <module id="m0" ref="urn:uuid:6bb5b73e-2096-486c-ab1b-90151c507f3e" sid=""> <type>1</type> <tie dir="0"><angle><x>0</x><y>0</y><z>180</z></angle></tie> <tie dir="1"><angle><x>0</x><y>0</y><z>0</z></angle></tie> <tie dir="2"><angle><x>0</x><y>0</y><z>-90</z></angle></tie> <tie dir="3"><angle><x>0</x><y>0</y><z>90</z></angle></tie> </module> </body> </model> </modulobe> 5.9. Modulobe

5.5 103 ID 5.4.4 MDLB 5.9 MDLB B 5.5 Modulobe Modulobe 5.10 Upload Modulobe GIF Popular Tags 5.11

104 5 5.10.

5.5 105 5.11. Modulobe [117] Modulobe Soda Sodaplay[105] Springs World

106 5 3D[106] 5.6 5.6.1 2006 3 29 Modulobe Modulobe Windows 2008 3 15 171,267 2008 3 15 686 3356 46 1103 3356 73.5% 2467 1 5.12 [118] 5.12 1 50 Modulobe 5.6 10 400 Scott Web 7 [119] Scott Web Modulobe 100 5.7 jump spin

5.6 107 5.12. Modulobe 5.6.2 Modulobe 531 349 10.4% 449 13.4% 2 4 5.13 5.13 4 434 436 438 1148 436 1148 8 10 434 438

108 5 5.6. modulobe WS 272 ICC 172 nit 127 108 82 74 74 RealModel 70 68 67 5.7. 33 ICC nit, tanimoto, 36 Car,,,, 27, simple,, jump, MultiLegged, spin, 5 notags, uploadtest, 5.14 5.13 438 3080 Modulobe Modulobe

5.6 109 1148 436 3034 438 3080 3083 446 3742 3730 3212 3088 3084 434 476 3146 3093 3085 818 817 5.13. 5.14. 5.6.3 Modulobe Modulobe

110 5 5.15. 5.15 5.16 5.17

5.6 111 5.16. 5.17.

112 5 5.7 Modulobe GUI 3 3D Modulobe (1) Web (2) (3) PC 17 3,000 2 Modulobe

113 6 6.1 Web 3 (1) (2) (3) 6 (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) Web 6 Web Web

114 6 Web 2 Web 4 qwikweb 18,000 3,000 ML 3 (1) Wiki (2) Wiki (3) Web Web

6.1 115 (1) Wiki Wiki Wiki (2) Wiki 2 Wiki Wiki Wiki Wiki 5 Modulobe GUI 3 3D Modulobe (1) 3D Web (2) (3) PC 17 3,000 2 Modulobe

116 6 6.2 Web 2 Web Web

117 (1) Synthesiology 2 2008/04. (2) Modulobe 49 12 pp.3942 3953, 2008/12. (3) N.M-gram: N-gram 48-SIG7 pp.29 37 2007/03. (4) PodCastle:,, Vol. 25 No. 1 pp.104 113 2010. (5) Wiki XP 2009/7. (6) Modulobe: A New 3D-Model Creation Platform for Complex Motion Design, Kouichirou Eto, Masahiro Hamasaki, Kuniaki Watanabe, Yoshinori Kawasaki,

118 Yutaka Matsuo, Takuichi Nishimura, The First International Workshop on Content Creation Activity Support by Networked Sensing (CCASNS08), 2008/06. (7) Modulobe: A Creation and Sharing Platform for Articulated Models with Complex Motion, Kouichirou Eto, Masahiro Hamasaki, Kuniaki Watanabe, Yoshinori Kawasaki, Takuichi Nishimura, International Conference on Advances in Computer Entertainment Technology (ACE2008), 2008/12. (8) Automatic Transcription for a Web 2.0 Service to Search Podcasts Proceedings of the 8th Annual Conference of the International Speech Communication Association (Interspeech 2007) pp.2617 2620 2007/08. (9) PodCastle: A Web 2.0 Approach to Speech Recognition Research Proceedings of the 8th Annual Conference of the International Speech Communication Association (Interspeech 2007) pp.2397 2400 2007/08. (10) Wiki 2007-HCI-123 2007-41 pp.11 18 2007/05. (11) 2007-MUS-73 2007-127 pp.23 24 2007/12. (12) Wiki pp.19 28 2007/12. (13) PodCastle: 14 (WISS 2006) pp.53 58 2006/12. (14) Sequential Graphics: 16 (WISS2008) 58 pp.29 34, 2008/11.

119 (15) Wiki 12 Web pp.53 58 2008/07. (16) Web 108 208 pp.27 32 2008/09. (17) Pagmo: Web 16 (WISS2008) 58 pp.133 134, 2008/11. (18) con: 16 (WISS2008) 58 pp.153 154, 2008/11. (19) Wiki Wiki WEB+DB PRESS 36 pp.137 138 2007/01/01. (20) HCI 2007-HCI-123 2007-41 2007/05/01. (21) Modulobe: A New 3D-Model Creation Platform for Complex Motion Design, Kouichirou Eto, Masahiro Hamasaki, Kuniaki Watanabe, Yoshinori Kawasaki, Yutaka Matsuo, Takuichi Nishimura, The First International Workshop on Content Creation Activity Support by Networked Sensing (CCASNS08), 2008/06. (22) Modulobe: A Creation and Sharing Platform for Articulated Models with Complex Motion, Kouichirou Eto, Masahiro Hamasaki, Kuniaki Watanabe, Yoshinori Kawasaki, Takuichi Nishimura, International Conference on Advances in Computer Entertainment Technology (ACE2008), 2008/12. (23) Wiki 123 (SIGHCI123) 2007/05/11.

120 (24) 73 2007/12/15. (25) Network and Art, Kouichirou Eto, Creative Industries Conference, Berlin, Germany, 2007/09/19. (26) Wiki 2007/03/02. (27) 2007 2007/03/31. (28) Wiki XP 2007 2007/06/20. (29) 7 2008/02/16. (30) WISS2006 2006/12/08. (31) WISS2008 2008/11/28. (32) Modulobe (YCAM) 2006/11/03-2007/01/08. (33) (YCAM) 2007/01/07-2007/01/08 (34) Modulobe 2007 NTT InterCommunicationCenter(ICC) 2007/04/19-2008/03/09. (35) Particle Music Live Particle Music Live 2007/10/27-2007/10/27.

121 (36) Particle Music Project Media Explosion!! 2008/01/20. (37) 2008/03/05. (38) Particle Music Media Project Vol. 5 2008/03/15. (39) Web Site Expert Academia 2006/11/27. (40) 2007/03/26. (41) CONTENT S FUTURE 2007/04/10. (42) 2007/06/12. (43) INAX Wiki 2007/07/25.

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129 Modulobe

131 A qwikweb Q1 (1) 60.2% (2) 37.6% 2.2% Q2 (1) 6.9% (2) 29.5% (3) 46.5% (4) 14.9% 2.2% Q3 qwikweb Wiki (1) 64.0% (2) 31.5% (3) 12.3% (4) 44.8% (5) 13.5% (6) 24.0%

132 A qwikweb Q4 Q5 Q6 Q7 Q8 Q9 qwikweb (1) 85.1% (2) 32.5% (3) qwikweb 23.6% (3) (1) 10 10.5% (2) 1 30.5% (3) 1 40.0% (4) 16.4% 2.6% qwikweb (1) 51.9% (2) 21.0% (3) qwikweb 2.4% (1) 28.0% (2) 34.3% (3) 25.5% (4) 7.1% 5.1% qwikweb (1) Wiki 36.8% (2) 23.6% (3) 35.1% 4.5% qwikweb (1) 86.7% (2) 70.1% (3) Wiki 48.7% (4) Wiki 37.6%

133 Q10 Q11 Q12 Q13 Q14 Q15 (1) 6.9% (2) 87.5% 5.6% (1) 2.4% (2) 4.0% (3) 87.5% 5.6% qwikweb Wiki (1) 48.5% (2) 50.9% 0.6% Wiki qwikweb (1) 94.7% (2) 92.1% (3) Wiki 86.5% (4) Wiki 73.1% (5) *, **, -, -- 67.3% (6) 58.8% qwikweb qwikweb Wiki (1) 5.0% (2) 28.7% (3) Wiki 8.1% (4) 10.3% (5) 3.2% qwikweb Wiki (1) 5.9% (2) 11.5%

134 A qwikweb Q16 Q17 Q18 Q19 Q20 Q21 (3) 40.8% qwikweb Wiki (1) 26.9% (2) 4.8% (3) 5.3% (4) 7.3% qwikweb Wiki Wiki (1) Wiki 14.7% (2) 17.4% (3) 12.9% Wiki (1) 9.1% (2) 83.8% 7.1% Wiki (1) 12.7% (2) 78.6% 8.7% Wiki (1) 2.2% (2) 85.6% 12.2% 1 2 Wiki (1) 28.1% (2) 35.1% (3) 22.4%

135 14.4% 1 2

136 B Modulobe Modulobe MDLB XML modulobe modulobe XML root version 1.5 generator world view model world <world> <speed>0</speed>

137 </world> speed -4 4 view <view> <camera> <angle><x>15</x><y>0</y><z>0</z></angle> <distance>18.000000</distance> </camera> <focus ref="m0"/> </view> camera focus camera angle distance angle 3 x y z 3 <angle><x>15</x><y>0</y><z>0</z></angle>

138 B Modulobe focus ref module id model guid iid sid info core body GUID GUID ID GUID ID guid GUID Global Unique Identifier GUID RFC4122[120] UUID URN <guid>urn:uuid:1225c695-cfb8-4ebb-aaaa-80da344efa6a</guid> iid Modulobe GUID ID Install ID ID

139 ID <iid>urn:uuid:d993ee21-1b3e-40b6-814c-5e685b691e7b</iid> sid GUID GUID ID Social ID info info <info> <name>crawling Creature</name> <author>modulobe Project</author> <comment>this is a sample model by Modulobe Project. http://www.modulobe.com/</comment> </info> name author comment environment 1 2 core

140 B Modulobe <core ref="m0"> <angle><x>0</x><y>0</y><z>0</z></angle> </core> ref module id m0 angle body module module module module module 2 <module id="m0" ref="urn:uuid:6bb5b73e-2096-486c-ab1b-90151c507f3e" sid=""> <type>1</type> <tie dir="0"><angle><x>0</x><y>0</y><z>180</z></angle></tie> <tie dir="1"><angle><x>0</x><y>0</y><z>0</z></angle></tie> <tie dir="2"><angle><x>0</x><y>0</y><z>-90</z></angle></tie> <tie dir="3"><angle><x>0</x><y>0</y><z>90</z></angle></tie> </module>

141 id id m + ref GUID sid GUID sid type 1 2 4 4 tie <module id="m1"> <type>1</type> <tie ref="m0" dir="0"><angle><x>0</x><y>0</y><z>180</z></angle></tie> <tie ref="m3" dir="1"><angle><x>0</x><y>0</y><z>0</z></angle></tie> <tie dir="2"><angle><x>0</x><y>0</y><z>-90</z></angle></tie> <tie dir="3"><angle><x>0</x><y>0</y><z>90</z></angle></tie> </module> tie 4 tie tie dir 0, 1, 2, 3 2 2 tie 1 link

142 B Modulobe <module id="m6"> <type>1</type> <tie ref="m5" dir="0"><angle><x>0</x><y>0</y><z>180</z></angle></tie> <tie ref="m8" dir="1"><angle><x>0</x><y>0</y><z>0</z></angle></tie> <link type="8" cycle="1"> <cycle angle="0" power="1"/> <cycle angle="30" power="1"/> <cycle angle="60" power="1"/> <cycle angle="90" power="1"/> <cycle angle="60" power="1"/> <cycle angle="30" power="1"/> <cycle angle="0" power="1"/> <cycle angle="-30" power="1"/> <cycle angle="-60" power="1"/> <cycle angle="-90" power="1"/> <cycle angle="-60" power="1"/> <cycle angle="-30" power="1"/> </link> </module> tie link 2 tie tie dir 0, 1 link tie tie tie id m0, m1, m2 3 module m0 m1 m0 m2 m1 m2 module tie dir 0 dir 0 module module

143 <tie ref="m0" dir="0"><angle><x>0</x><y>0</y><z>180</z></angle></tie> dir ref module id angle link link link cycle 0 12 <link type="8" cycle="1"> <cycle angle="0" power="1"/> <cycle angle="30" power="1"/> <cycle angle="60" power="1"/> <cycle angle="90" power="1"/> <cycle angle="60" power="1"/> <cycle angle="30" power="1"/> <cycle angle="0" power="1"/> <cycle angle="-30" power="1"/> <cycle angle="-60" power="1"/> <cycle angle="-90" power="1"/> <cycle angle="-60" power="1"/> <cycle angle="-30" power="1"/> </link> type ±90 8 360 264 4 2 cycle 1 12

144 B Modulobe cycle 12 cycle cycle link cycle link 12 cycle 12 <cycle angle="0" power="1"/> <cycle angle="30" power="1"/> <cycle angle="60" power="1"/> <cycle angle="90" power="1"/> <cycle angle="60" power="1"/> <cycle angle="30" power="1"/> <cycle angle="0" power="1"/> <cycle angle="-30" power="1"/> <cycle angle="-60" power="1"/> <cycle angle="-90" power="1"/> <cycle angle="-60" power="1"/> <cycle angle="-30" power="1"/> angle ±90-90 90 360-180 180 0 power 1 angle 0 1