10 AB C D 4
2001 19,250 1994, 2001 2002 2001, 1999, 2000 20022002 2002 5 2002
Bachman & Palmer The American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Language: ACTFL Oral Proficiency Interview OPI OPI 19912001 OPI 1994 2001 20012002 OPI CAJLE 1991 1994 41 OPI 20 1994 40 1 1994 44 45 ACTFL OPI 9
High, Mid, Low 2 2001 2002 OPI OBCOral Proficiency Assessment for Bilingual Children OBC 1 10 3 5 16 2 2002 1994 OPI [ ][ ] 1994 9 15 ACTFL OPI JHL OPI Japanese as a second language, JSL 1994 40 3 Mid 2002
2 4 5 2002 41 2002 2 2 OPI OBC ACTFL OPI 1991 OPI Bachman OPI / narrate 1991 OPI 1991 29 2002 OPI OPI OPI 1
OPI 2002 48 OPI OPI 2002OPI 2002 100 OPI OPI OBC OPI OBC 2002:29 Cummins 3 2002:29 4 1999 2000 1999 34 4 20 20 30 3 1999 35 36 4
4 4 4 4
4 4 4 6 7 8 11 6 7
8 1 A B C D E 1 A A B CD E ( ) 4 4
4 ( ) 1
1 1 1 1 1
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4 90 4 ( ) 2 3 JSL OPI JSL
10 4 JSL 1 JSL [ ] [JSL 1 ] [ JSL ] [ ] = [ ] [ ] JSL JSL JSL JSL JSL
A. JSL B. JSL C. D. E. 2002 6
Bachman & Palmer (1990 1996) 3 1 4 3 100 180 OPI 2001 OPI 3 10 30 2001 15 2002 1 2002 46 Test of Language Acquisition and Maintenance: TOAMTOAM 2002 55 TOAM TOAM 1998 1998 2002 OBC 5 6 7 9 10 3
2000 30 ESL Junior primarymiddle & Upper primary Secondary 3 Penny McKay The National Languages and Literacy Institute of Australia,1993) ESL 2003 2002 1999 25 1999 25 2002SPOT ACTFL OPI 114 2002 TOAM 2002 2003JSL ESL 2002 1998 1 2001ACTFL OPI 2002 OBC
1994 83 2001 http://www.colorado.edu/ealld/atj/atj/seminar2001/nakajima.html.f 1990[1997].F A.S. 1996[2000] 1993[1996] 1991ACTFL 1 2001ACTFL OPI 2002 OPI 113 Bachman, L.F. & A.S. Palmer (1996) Language Testing in Practice, Oxford University Press. The National Languages and Literacy Institute of Australia (1993) ESL Development: Language and Literacy in School. (Project Co-ordinator: Penny McKay)