A Contrastive Study of English Business Letter Writing by the Japanese, Korean, and American Students 1
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6 Ki (First, begin an argument), Shou (Next, develop the argument), Ten (At the point where the development is finished, turn the idea to a sub-theme where there is a connection but not directly connected association to the overall theme), and Ketsu (Last, bring all of this together to reach a conclusion). Vox Populi, Vox Dei Vox Populi, Vox Dei unity focus coherence 3 7 6 Hinds, J. (1983) Contrastive Rhetoric: Japanese and English, Text 3, no. 2, pp.183-195. 7 Connor, U. (1996), Contrastive Rhetoric, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, pp. 41-42. Retention of Information Using a Japanese Style of Presentation, Studies in Linguistics 8 (1984): pp. 45-69. 8 1998 212 221 4
1966 9 1 ESL English as a Second Language, 5 1 9 Kaplan, R. B. (1966), Cultural Thought Patterns in Intercultural Education, Language Learning 16, pp. 1-20. 5
5 10 5 5 Oriental 11 Contrastive Rhetoric Boiarsky 12 Dear Sir: Your name and address were referred to me by the Illinois Department of Agriculture-Far East Office. They stated that you had expressed an interest in our products and requested further information. I am therefore enclosing a brochure which itemizes our products and services. Please let me know your exact requirements. I will be happy to provide you with further details. Thank you for your participation at the Illinois Slide and Catalog Show. I look forward to your reply. Sincerely, 13 10 Connor, op. cit., p. 15. 11 Ibid., p. 16 and p. 31. 12 Wong, I.F.H., Connor, M.D., Murfett, U.M. (2007), Business Communication, Asian Perspectives, Global Focus, 3 rd Ed., Singapore, Prentice Hall, pp. 66-67. Boiarsky, C. (1995). The relationship between cultural and rhetorical conventions: engaging in international communication. Technical Communication Quarterly, 4. pp. 245-259. 13 Li Xiao-ming (1996). Good Writing in Cross-cultural Context. Albany: State 6
4 introduction, development, transition, and closure [qi3 cheng2 zhuan3 he2] 3 2500 3000 2 14 University of New York Press, cited in Campbell, C.P. (1998). Beyond Language: Cultural Predispositions in Business Correspondence (Paper presented at Region 5 STC Conference, Fort Worth, Texas, 20 February 1998) http://infohost.nmt.edu/~cpc/internationalethos.html, retrieved on February 18, 2008. 14 Hinds, J. (1987). Reader versus Writer Responsibility: A New Typology1,Chapter 8, Writing Across Languages: Analysis of L2 Text, MA, Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, pp. 7
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904 52,861 460 1 2 2 3 3 600 16 2 59 TOEIC 600 41 35 42 Jeremiah J. Sullivan 1 3 TOEIC TOEIC 945 142 960 262 507 465 915 193 945 352 366 547 910 162 935 246 512 407 885 146 925 302 402 388 860 101 920 220 309 290 149 276 419 419 2 NDR not directly related 75.6 41 31 72.9 59 43 71.4% 35 25 16 TOEIC Newsletter 2007, 5 11
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