1 *
2
1 http://www.kantei.go.jp/jp/singi/kisei/tousin/021212/index.html 3
4
2 4,386 59,801 2000 5
3 6
7
4 5 6 7 7 8 9 274 10 8
11 35 12 185 13 29 4 24 2020 14 9
15 354 10
16 2003 7 21 41 11
12
13 17 43 M1M2 163 2 1 2 ( ) ( ) ( ) ()
14
18 19 1381 24 20 3 2-1-2(1) 19 25 21 10 3 15
22 23 3 2 2 10 1 3 24 183 25 16
26 28 17
18 27
19 28 29
30 10 36 31 32 20
33 stored value access 34 35 10 15 107 36 21
10 4 1 112 NTT 22
37 38 8 22 8 515 42 23
40 (1) 1573 13 1577 14 24
43 ab 58 42 44 38 22 951 41 345 454171 25
45() 8 1 46 42 47 10 360 4845 8 2 26
49 Bank of International Settlements, Committee on Payment and Settlement Systems, Survey of Electronic Money Developments, NOV2001 27
50 160 Octopus Card 28
29
30
51 3 (Licensed Bank) (Restricted Licensed Bank) (Deposit Taking Company) 31
52 32
33
http://www.itcity.jp/ 34
55 http://www.bitwallet.co.jp/ 56 1 26 35
57 Super Urban Intelligence Card 58 Kansai http://www.surutto.com/ Felica 36
37
59 38
39
40
unbundling 60 29 61 41
18 572 67 68 69 42
IC ( ) ( ) 43
1 (1) (2) (3) bankruptcy remote 44
(4) (5) (6) 45
70 (7) 71 167 162 70 38228 11278 71 10 46
47
48