Jpn. J. Med. Mycol. Vol. 48, 177 190, 2007 ISSN 0916 4804 50 48 3 4,,,,,,, Malassezia furfur, Malassezia pachydermatis, Malassezia sympodialis, Malassezia globosa, Malassezia obtusa, Malassezia restricta Malassezia slooffiae, Malassezia dermatis, Malassezia yamatoensis, Malassezia japonica, Malassezia nana 11 1 2,,,, 1, 20 30,,,, 2 50,,,, PAS, 5,,.,, 3,,,,.,,,,,,,,, 2,, Hemacolor,, PAS, 3,,,,,,
178 48 4 19 1 2,, 1 3,,, 70 90, 2 3, 2 4, 1 2,,,, 2,, M. sympodialis,, IgE, Kieffer 55, 19, 19 IgE,, IgE RAST 2/3. RAST, 3 IgE 1,000 3, M. furfur/ Pityrosporum orbiculare Candida albicans IgE,.
Jpn. J. Med. Mycol. Vol. 48 No. 4, 2007 179 Malassezia I Malassezia, Malassezia, 10, Malassezia, II Malassezia pachydermatis LNA, Fig. 1 2-8 2-12 m,,, Fig. 2 Malassezia globosa, III Malassezia, 1846 Eichstedt 1853 Robin Microsporon furfur, 1889 Baillon Malassezia., 1904 Sabouraud Pityrosporum, Malassezia, Pityrosporum Malassezia Pityrosporum, Malassezia, Malassezia furfur heterogeneity M. furfur, Gue ho 1 DNA- DNA rrna, 5,, 4, 2002, 2003, 2004 Malassezia dermatis 2, Malassezia japonica 3 Malassezia yamatoensis 4. 2004, Hirai 5 Malassezia nana 11 Fig. 3 2 4, Malassezia Fig. 1 mlna Malassezia 32 C 5 Fig. 2 Malassezia 10 m
180 48 4 19 Fig. 3 Malassezia D1/D2 26S rdna 600 bp NJ. 1 1996 M. furfur 2 1996, 3 4 Table 1. Malassezia
Jpn. J. Med. Mycol. Vol. 48 No. 4, 2007 181 IV Malassezia, Cryptococcus Trichosporon, class hymenomycetes, Malassezia class ustilaginomycetes Fig. 3, rdna rrna ITS Internal Transcribed Spacer D1/D2 26S rdna 99, Malassezia ITS, D1/D2 26S rdna Fig. 4 V Malassezia, Tween, Dixon LNA CBS Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures modified LNA, Malassezia 6. Malassezia, API Tween, Table 1. Malassezia VI 1. Malassezia,, Malassezia 1996, M. furfur, Malassezia,,, 7. OpSite, DNA rrna IGS intergenic spacer ITS PCR, 30 PCR Fig. 4 Malassezia rrna ITS, internal transcribed spacer; IGS, intergenic spacer., bp, M. globosa CBS 7966 Fig. 5 Malassezia PCR primer nested PCR Fig. 6 Malassezia M. globosa M. restricta M. g, M. globosa ; M. r, M. restricta.
182 48 4 19 VII, KTZ ITZ Malassezia 0.016 0.25 g/ml 12, 13. 12, 14. KTZ ITZ, Malassezia MIC, Fig. 7 Malassezia globosa IGS1 DNA AD, HS,,,, M. globosa M. restricta,, 10 60 Fig. 5 7 9., real-time PCR, M. globosa, M. restricta Fig. 6, Malassezia IgE, 2. M. globosa M. restricta rrna IGS, CT n, GT n SSR, short sequence repeat,, Fig. 7 10, 11. 1 Gue ho E, Midgley G, Guillot J: Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek 69: 337 355, 1996. 2 Sugita T, Takashima M, Shinoda T, Suto H, Unno T, Tsuboi R, Ogawa H, Nishikawa A: J Clin Microbiol 40: 1363 1367, 2002. 3 Sugita T, Takashima M, Kodama M, Tsuboi R, Nishikawa A: J Clin Microbiol 41: 4695-4699, 2003. 4 Sugita T, Tajima M, Takashima M, Amaya M, Saito M, Tsuboi R, Nishikawa A: Microbiol Immunol 48: 579 583, 2004. 5 Hirai A, Kano R, Makimura K, Duarte ER, Hamdan JS, Lachance MA, Yamaguchi H, Hasegawa A: Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 54: 623 627, 2004. 6 Kaneko T, Makimura K, Onozaki M, Ueda K, Yamada Y, Nishiyama Y, Yamaguchi H: Med Mycol 43: 699 704, 2005. 7 Sugita T, Suto H, Unno T, Tsuboi R, Ogawa H, Shinoda T, Nishikawa A: J Clin Microbiol 39: 3486 3490, 2001. 8 Morishita N, Sei Y, Sugita T: Mycopathologia 161: 61 65, 2006. 9 Tajima M, Sugita T, Nishikawa A, Tsuboi R: submitted 10 Sugita T, Kodama M, Saito M, Ito T, Kato Y, Tsuboi R, Nishikawa A: J Clin Microbiol 41: 3022 3027, 2003. 11 Sugita T, Tajima M, Amaya M, Tsuboi R, Nishikawa A: Microbiol Immunol 48: 755 759, 2004. 12 Sugita T, Tajima M, Ito T, Saito M, Tsuboi R, Nishikawa A: J Clin Microbiol 43: 2824 2829, 2005. 13 Sugita T, Tsubuku H, Tajima M, Tsuboi R, Nishikawa A: Microbiol Immunol 50: 625 627, 2006. 14 Sugita T, Tajima M, Tsubuku H, Tsuboi R, Nishikawa A: Antimicrob Agents Chemother 50: 2897 2898, 2006.
Jpn. J. Med. Mycol. Vol. 48 No. 4, 2007 183,,,,,,,,, 1,3 - -D-. 1,3 - -D-, 1,3 - -D-.,,,,,,, B,, 3 5,,,,,, 2002, 2005, 2006 B,, 60 70, 30 40,,,
184 48 4 19,,,,,,, 1.,,,,,,,, 1 2 MHC II 2 2.,,, HIV,,, 1, 2., 2.,,,,,.,,,,, 3.,. 4.,,,,,,,,,, MHC II 4., 4., CD4+T MHC
Jpn. J. Med. Mycol. Vol. 48 No. 4, 2007 185 II,, CD4+T HIV, HIV, gp120 CD4, CD4, CD4+T. MHC II, Ia L3/T4+, CD4+T,, 1., 4., 1996, Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy HAART CD4+ 1., HAART,,, HIV, Th-1,. 5., 2).,,, 6., 2 lobular consolidation discrete nodule 2,,,,,,,,, 1,500/cm,, 2.,, 7. 1 Shibuya K, Hirata A, Omuta J, Sugamata M, Katori S, Saito N, Murata N, Morita A, Takahashi K, Hasegawa C, Mitsuda A, Hatori T, Nonaka H: Granuloma and cryptococcosis. J Infect Chemother 11: 115 122, 2005. 2 Shibuya K, Ando T, Hasegawa C, Wakayama M, Hamatani S, Hatori T, Nagayama T, Nonaka H: Pathophysiology of pulmonary aspergillosis. J Infect Chemother 10: 138 145, 2004. 3 Simon MR, Houser WL, Smith KA, Long PM: Esophageal candidiasis as a complication of inhaled corticosteroids. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 79: 333 338, 1997. 4 Shibuya K, Coulson WF, Wolman JS, Wakayama M, Ando T, Oharaseki T, Takahashi K, Naoe S: Histopathology of cryptococcosis and other fungal infections in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Int J Infect Dis 5: 78 85, 2001. 5 Paris S, Wysong D, Debeaupuis J, Shibuya K, Philippe B, Diamondo R, Latge J: Catalases of Aspergillus fumigatus. Infect Immun 71: 3551 3562, 2003. 6 Aikawa N, Kohno S, Shibuya K, Takesue Y, Maesawa S, Yoshida M, Tokimatsu I: Current status of diagnosis and tretment of invasive fungal infections in Japan: the influence of the new Japanese guidelines. J Infect Chemother 11: 278 287, 2005. 7 Shibuya K, Paris S, Ando T, Nakayama H, Hatori T, Latge J: Catalases of Aspergillus fumigatus and inflammation in aspergillosis. Jpn J Med Mycol 47: 249 255, 2006.
186 48 4 19 Actinomycetes,, Bergey s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology,,, Actinomyces, Nocardia 1. Actinomyces actinomycosis, Nocardia nocardiosis, Nocardia, Rhodococcus, Tsukamurella, Gordonia 2,, Mycobacterium,, Corynebacterium, Mycobacterium, Nocardia,,,, RNA,, 1, Mycobacterium, Nocardia, Rhodococcus, Gordonia Tsukamurella Actinomadura, Rothia Nocardiopsis, Nocardia, Nocardia,,,., Nocardia Actinomyces 2,., Nocardia, Nocardia,,, 1 2.,, Nocardia, Nocardia, Ziehl-Neelsen, 0.5 2,,,, Nocardia,,,,, Nocardia Nocardia, 16S-rRNA,, Nocardia, Nocardia,, 60, 60 4 1 17 1,., Nocardia farcinica Ishikawa et al, PNAS, 2004 3,
Jpn. J. Med. Mycol. Vol. 48 No. 4, 2007 187 0.005 Knac 240 163 131 26 403 833 212 65 17 177 262 469 152 543 880 541 841 62 471 380 500 455 74 478 N. paucivorans DSM 44386 T (AF430041) 998 N. brevicatena DSM 43024 T (AF430040) N. gamkensis CZH20 T (AB187522) N. exalbida IFM 0803 T (AB187522) 99 N. pseudobrasiliensis DSM 44290 T (AF430042) N. crassostreae JCM 10500 327 T (AF430049) N. uniformis DSM 43136 T (AF430044) 142 N. otitidiscaviarum ATCC 14629 T (X80599) 167 N. seriolae JCM 3360 T (Z36925) N. niigatensis IFM 0330 991 T (AB092563) 97 11 128 160 394 795 480 721 55 191 534 350 952 999 247 946 789 1000 997 885 N. neocaledoniensis SBHR OA6 T (AY282603) N. asteroides ATCC 19247 T (AY505492) N. abscessus JCM 10984 T (AF218292) N. cyriacigeorgica DSM 44484 T (AF430027) 569 598 996 N. flavorosea JCM 3332T (AF430048) N. testacea IFM 0937 T (AB192415) N. sienata IFM 10088 T (AB121770) N. pigrifrangens 7031 T (AF219974) N. carnea DSM 43397 T (AF430035) N. vinacea MK703-102F1 T (AB024312) N. pseudovaccinii DSM 43406 T (AF430046) 722 N. anaemiae IFM 0323 T (AB162801) N. miyunensis 117 T (AY639901) 460 N. nova N. jiangxiensis JCM 43401 T (AY639902) 6044T (AF430028) N. vermiculata IFM 0391 T (AB126873) 416 N. N. elegans vaccinii IMMIB DSM 43285 T (AF430045) N-402T (AJ854057) 881 585 N. yamanashiensis IFM 0265 T (AB092561) N. inohanensis IFM 0092 T (AB092560) N. jejuensis N3-2 T (AY964666) N. concava IFM 0354 T (AB126880) N. cerradoensis Y9 T (AF060790) 940 N. N. aobensis veterana IFM DSM 0372T (AB126876) 44445 T (AF430055) N. kruczakiae MB2876 T (AY441974) 85 N. africana DSM 44491 T (AY089701) N.terpenica IFM 0706 T (AB201298) N. mexicana DSM 44952 T (AY555577) N. xishanensis CGMCC 4.1860 T (AY333115) N. polyresistens YIM 33361 T (AY626158) N. lijiangensis YIM 33378 T (AY779043 ) N. thailandica IFM 10145 T (AB126874) N. caishijiensis F829 T (AF459443) N. ignorata DSM 44496 T (AY191254) N. fluminea DSM 44489 T (AF430053) 868 652 1000 N. salmonicida JCM4826 T (Z46750) N. soli DSM 44488 T (AF430051) N. cummidelens DSM 44490 T (AF430052) N. ninae DSM 44978 T (DQ235687) N. alba YIM 30243 T (AY222321) N. transvalensis DSM 43405 T (AF430047) N. harenae WS-26 T (DQ282122 ) N. takedensis MS1-3 T (AB158277) N. tenerifensis GW39-1573 T (AJ556157) N. brasiliensis ATCC 19296 T (X80591) N. puris IMMIB R-145 T (AJ508748) N. shimofusensis IFM 10311 T (AB108775) N. higoensis IFM 10084 T (AB108778) N. farcinica ATCC 3318 T (X80595) N. asiatica IFM 0245 T (AB092566) N. arthritidis IFM 10035 T (AB108781) N. pneumoniae IFM 0784 T (AB108780) N. beijingensis AS4.1521 T (AF154129) N. araoensis IFM 0575 T (AB108779) R. opacus DSM 43205 T (X80630) 1. Nocardia
188 48 4 19 Nocardia Nocardia, Actinomadura 4, Nocaridipsis Rothia 1 Family Actinomycetaceae Rainey et al 1997, Actinomyces, Mobiluncus, Archanobacterium Actinobaculum, Actinomyces Actiomyces,,,,, sulfur granule, Actinomyces israelii,,. 2,,, 16S-rRNA,, Actinomyces israelii, Propionibacterium propionicus,,, 1 Iida S, Kageyama A, Yazawa K, Uchiyama N, Toyohara T, Chohnabayashi N, Suzuki S, Nomura F, Kroppenstedt RM, Mikami Y: Nocardia exalbida sp. nov., isolated from Japanese patients with nocardiosis. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 56: 1193 1196, 2006. 2 Kageyama A, Iida S, Yazawa K, Kudo T, Suzuki S, Koga T, Saito H, Inagawa H, Wada A, Kroppenstedt RM, Mikami Y: Gordonia araii sp. nov. and Gordonia effusa sp. nov. isolated from patients in Japan. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 56: 1817 1821, 2006. 3 Ishikawa J, Yamashita A, Mikami Y, Hoshino Y, Kurita H, Hotta K, Shiba T, Hattori M: The complete genome sequence of Nocardia farcinica IFM 10152. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 101: 14925 14930, 2004. 4 Hanafy A, Ito J, Iida S, Kang Y, Kogure T, Yazawa K, Takashi Yaguchi T, Mikami Y: Majority of Actinomadura clinical isolates from sputa or bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in Japan belongs to the cluster of Actinomadura cremea and Actinomadura nitritigenes, and the description of Actinomadura chibensis sp. nov. Mycopathologia 164: 281 287, 2006.
Jpn. J. Med. Mycol. Vol. 48 No. 4, 2007 189 I Sporothrix schenckii,,., S. schenckii,,,,,,.,,,,,,.,,,,,,,, 10 50 70,,,,,, PAS,,, asteroid body, KOH, PAS,,,, 25 C, 5,, DNA,,,,,,,,,, 5 12 90,,, S. schenckii 39 C, 1,,,,. II,,,
190 48 4 19,,,, Fonsecaea pedrosoi, Exophiala jeanselmei, E. dermatitidis, Phialophora verrucoza, Cladosporium trichoides,,,,,,,,,,,, host, E. jeanselmei KOH, sclerotic cell HE sclerotic cell. F. pedrosoi Cladosporium, Rhinocladiella, Phialophora,,,,.,,, 100 200 mg/ 60,,,,,