22 1920 1930 31 37 1980
28 1950 1970 1923-2001 1929-2002 18 10 20 11 1904-1958 1968:344
29 12 13 form
30 14 CD 1899-1964 2008 COCJ35023 2008, COCJ35022 15 = = = 16
31
32 17 2 a1 2 a a2 ( )
33 18 2007 KICH2445 g g5 f5 g f 19 g f ibid.
34 S 1873-1916 CD 2006 COCJ-33688 [] 2006 COCJ-33689 1997b:141?-1913 f6 f9h6 h9h6 h9 f6 f9
35 20 2 10 21 1877-1928 3946-8 1879-1967 DLS4297 10 1880-1974 11 1342 1881-1960 70085-6 1887-1950 25477-8 1895-1945 1805 1898-1938 1356 1898-1973 SOGZ52 1898-1978 S1282-3? f128-9 1877-1928 25379-80? NL2250 1903-1973 2112-3 1905-1974 NT1415 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 1909-1995 21 5326-7
36
37 111319 [ ]1420 [ ] 15 [h]
38 21 14 i14 j14 21 j21i 21 j 42007 XQBT-1114 2009 TECE-20897 22 23 i j f fj i f 22 23
39 [h] [g] [k20]
40 = 21 22 21652016 1975 1912 1989 51-17 2010 vol.59 no.1:1-12. 1981 225-261 1997a 1997b Nettl, B.; Russel, M. eds. 1998 In the course of performance. Chicago; London: The University of Chicago Press. 1955 1968 2009
41 1980 17 JOAK c c-f-c c-g-c c-f- b 1977-2009 1915-1912 1981 10 11
42 12 13 1989 14 15 d d=1 d=2 e=3 3e e-a-d4f g-c -f 16 17 18 19 20 1669-1703 21 22 23 Nettl; Russel 1998
43 Rokyoku, which arose in Meiji era, is a subgenre of Japanese katarimono a narrative music, performed by a pair of a rokyokushi a vocalist and a kyokushi a shamisen player. There are no notation systems in teaching and learning of rokyoku and rokyoku shamisen, and the rokyoku performances constantly include some sort of improvisation. The purpose of this paper is to examine some aspects of improvisation in rokyoku shamisen. Through analyzing the "hikidashi", i.e. the instrumental prelude part in rokyoku, the author tries to clarify some aspects of "invisible musical theory" about rokyoku shamisen. The results show that there are guiding motifs at the end of hikidashi which guide rokyokushi to his/her vocal pitch and that there are some formulaic figures which have been used in rokyoku shamisen. These motifs and formulaic figures are thought to serve as the models of improvisation in rokyoku shamisen. rokyoku, shamisen, improvisation, invisible music theory