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Comparison study on car sharing service in German cities 1 21

2 22

0.0% 10.0% 20.0% 30.0% 40.0% DB Rent GmbH stadtmobil-gruppe cambio-gruppe Mobility Center GmbH Stattauto München book-n-drive Drive-CarSharing-Gruppe Stadtteilauto CarSharing Münster Car-Sharing Südbden Freiburg e.v Grünes Auto Göttingen Stattauto Lübeck eg Ökostadt Tübingen e.v. Stattauto Kassel einfach mobil Carsharing 5.7% 4.6% 3.7% 2.7% 2.6% 2.5% 1.6% 1.0% 1.0% 0.7% 0.7% 9.2% 16.1% 14.7% 34.7% 3 23

4 24

Bremerhaven Oldenburg Bremen Hamburg Winsen Lüneburg Uelzen Hannover region Berlin Berlin Rhein-Ruhr region Rhein-Main region Bielefeld Wuppertal Köln Bonn Aachen Rhein-Necker region Saarbrücken Karlsruhe region Stuttgart region Kiel Hamburg Lübeck Rostock Hamburg Bremen Oberhausen Gelsenkirchen Hannover Duisburg Bochum Braunschweig Münster Bielefeld Magdeburg Berlin Berlin Dortmund Essen Wuppertal Düsseldorf Köln Mönchengladbach Bonn Frankfurt Wiesbaden Mainz Erfurt Halle Leipzig Chemnitz Dresden Düsseldorf Köln Mannheim Nürnberg Karlsruhe Stuttgart Freiburg Augsburg München Ulm München 5 25

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120 110 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 h 11 31

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160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 h 18 38

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2009 4 JICA 2011 5S (Plant Management)(Personnel Training)(Production Management)(Plant Diagnosis)5S(5S) 1) 2009 4 2009 7 2014 3 5 1 2009 3 1 41

42

1 HPIVC CNC QCD HPIVC 3 43

QCD 9) HPIVC 2014 3 4 44

HPIVC 2Step1 HPIVC Step2 Step3 Step1 Step2 Step3 5 45

QC QC7 5SIE 2011 5 8 2 13 2 2 2012 3 1 4 HPIVC HPIVC Step2Step3 HPIVC HPIVC 2013 3 IE Industrial Engineering HPIVC 6 46

2011 22012 2 7 4 5 40 25 2 45 36 1 2012 200 2012 2013 10) HPIVC 2013 4 5 2 60 45 19 Off-JT 2013 10 2014 2 7 47

2011 2 8:0017:00 3 PR JICA 2 2 2011 4 HPIVC 37 2011 30 8 48

3 4 2012 5S 2012 5S 24 5S 3 5S 1 3S 5 5S 23 5S 2S 3 5S 2012 5S 2013 5 5S 5S 5S HPIVC 5S 6 5S 9 49

HPIVC 5S 23 5S 10 50

JICA 2016 3 1) 110km 190 3 5 2) JETRO 20112013 3) 11 51

4) 5S IE 5) HPIVC 1961 3,500 150 42,000 2010 5 6) NGO JICA 3 3,000 3 7) KITA 130 5,000 30 8) 5S 9) 10) 3 200 60 45 12 52

feeling of own town self cognition on social relationssocial network social system ( 53

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2013 2013 2013a2012 2011 2013 spectator's characteristicquestionnaire J.League 2010 2013 21 3,175 66,665 40 2013 1) 2013 PFI 2017 2014 67

2013 2013a20122011 2013 2) 2013 2013a 2008 2009 1 2010 2009 3 7,6839,856 2012 7,637 2012 5,000 1,000 2,000 1999 1993 20 68

4 3 2013 6,167 2010 6 1 2013 10,000 vs 9,856 9,000 8,000 7,000 vs 8,157 vs vs vs 7,683 7,398 7,470 vs 6,909 vs 7,080 vs 7,637 vs 7,207 vs 7,058 6,000 5,000 4,000 3,000 2,000 1,000 0 12008 5 9 13 JFL17 21 2009 25 29JFL 33 37 2010 41 45 49J2 53 57 2011 61 65 69J273 77 2012 81 85 89J2 93 97 101105109113117 2013 J2 1,149 3,409 4,189 4,051 3,346 3,175 1 2008 1 2010 6 69

2013 2013 2012 1 2013 13,821 vs 7,207 1 2 3) 2013 3,000 1 2013 2012 3 2 2 2013 4) 40,000 35,000 シ ー ズ ン ( ) 30,000 25,000 20,000 15,000 10,000 5,000 0-30% -20% -10% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 2014 2 40 2013 70

2013 (1) 2013 9 22 2 3 2012 2011 13.4% 2 2013 9 22 11:0013:00 4-16-1 2013 34 13:03 3,143 29.6 30 11 430 422 98.1% 13.4% 3 S 29 6.9% A 217 51.4% B 430 138 32.7% C 38 9.0% 430 422 98.1% 100.0% (2) 422 287 68.0% 3 5) 71

8.3% 1.9% 21.8% 68.0% 287 3 n=422 2013a 287 2013 2013 (3) 4 287 11 4 3050 42.5 2012 44.0 45.4 2011 43.2 43.5 2011 43.7 2010 72

5 70% 2013 5 73

4 67.9% 5.6% (1) 4 70%4 6 1 2010 39.8% 2011 28.9%2012 17.7% 2013 16.7% 3.5% 67.9% 5.6% 23.0% n=287 4 6 (2) 2012 2012 3 21 0 20 21 5 18.0% 16.0% 15.3% n=287 14.0% 12.0% 12.5% 11.5% 11.8% 10.0% 8.0% 6.0% 4.0% 2.0% 0.0% 0 5.2% 3.8% 4.2% 4.5% 3.8% 3.1% 1.7% 1.0%0.7% 0.3% 0.7%1.0% 0.7% 5 2012 4.9% 2.1% 1.7% 0.7%0.7% 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 7.7% 74

10 0 36.2%15 34.8% 25.8% 9.9 1.5 2012 0 76.3%1 6.3%25 9.8% 2013 4 2013 18 16 18 16.0% 1 12.5% 6 6) 2013 1 2 1 0 7 9.5 1.7 18.0% 16.0% 18 n=287 16.0% 14.0% 12.0% 10.0% 8.0% 6.0% 4.0% 2.0% 0.0% 0.0% 0 6 12.5% 5.2% 8.4% 4.9% 6.3% 2.4% 1.7% 5.2% 0.0% 5.9% 1.0%1.0%1.0% 0.7% 9.8% 4.5% 5.2% 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 2013 8.0% 75

35.0% 30.0% 30.0% 16 n=287 27.9% 25.0% 20.0% 15.0% 13.2% 10.0% 9.4% 8.0% 5.0% 0.0% 0 7 2.4%2.8%3.1% 1.7%0.3% 0.7% 0.3% 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 2013 7 7 7 2007 2013 20 15% (3) 35.2% 8 2010 34.7%2011 30.1%2012 33.2% 76

8 2013 2013 20102012 30.7%2012 28.9% 10% 6 2013 9 6 14.9% 45 9 2013 77

610 2 1 81 2 2012 57.1% 9 2025% 49.8% 46.0% 10 2013 13 5 4 12.9% 3 14.3% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 2.4% 0.3% 10 1.7% 59 8.7% 20.9% 24.7% 0.3% 1 20.9% 2 41.1% n=287 57.1% n=287 8 164 n=152 71 9 4.2% 49.8% 46.0% n=287 10 78

11 76.0% 2012 7) 2013 4 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 1.4% 2.1% 76.0% 8.0% 5.2% 66.2% 59.2% 15.3% 19.9% 0.7% 1.0% 7.0% 1.7% 0.3% 10.8% 39.7% 29.3% 17.1% 2.4% 2.1% 45.6% 17.1% 17.8% 1.7% 9.4% 36.9% 14.6% 26.1% 5.2% 8.0% 24.0% 25.8% 30.3% 5.6% 4.9% 20.9% 10.1% 17.4% 9.8% 31.4% 12.9% 18.1% 11.1% 7.3% 3.8% 2.8% 2.4% 16.7% 8.0% 13.2% 34.5% 38.7% 41.5% 10.5% 9.4% 20.2% 5.2% 37.6% 31.4% 13.6% 20.9% 18.1% 25.8% 17.4% 28.6% n=287 11 (4) 6 5 60% 12 2012 10 10 2013 79

80

40% (5) 4 5 14 70%2012 2013 40 5 3 5 15 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 27.2% 30.0% 32.1% 3.1% 40.4% 34.5% 15.0% 2.8% 41.5% 31.0% 16.7% 3.5% 29.6% 37.6% 21.6% 4.5% n=287 14 81

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 35.2% 31.0% 22.0% 3.8% 1.7% 36.6% 20.9% 26.1% 5.2% 4.2% 41.1% 28.2% 18.1% 2.1% 3.5% n=287 15 (6) 11 11SNStwitter Facebook 2013 57.1%2011 16 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 2010 (n=457) 16.2% 41.5% 31.8% 9.9% 2011 (n=453) 23.5% 44.3% 19.3% 10.8% 2012 (n=571) 16.0% 42.5% 23.2% 13.4% 2013 (n=287) 13.9% 43.2% 26.5% 11.1% 16 82

63.8% 2012 17 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 22.8% 45.6% 41.9% 12.0% 14.0% 20.6% 15.2% 30.3% 27.9% 4.7% 12.2% 8.7% (n=287) 17.4% 25.0% 14.0% 22.0% 26.1% 20.9% (n=92) (n=43) 24.4% 27.2% 23.3% 3.1% 3.3% 2.3% 18.1% 17.4% 16.3% 20.7% 44.2% 50.2% 9.3% 16.4% 14.1% 17 83

13 18 81.2%2010 68.8%2011 78.0%2012 75.7% 11.5%2010 15.6%2011 8.1%2012 15.3% 14.0%2011 41.7% 2012 25.8% 62.8%2011 44.4% 2012 54.8% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 0.0% (n=287) 81.2% 11.5% 7.3% (n=92) 9.8% 50.0% 16.3% 23.9% (n=43) 14.0% 62.8% 11.6% 11.6% 18 2013 19 72.3% 1 2013 44.4% 84

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% (n=101) 72.3% 21.8% 5.9% (n=88) (n=33) 95.5% 87.9% 4.5% 9.1% 3.0% (n=30) 83.3% 13.3% 3.3% (n=21) 81.0% 19.0% 2013 1 (n=36) 55.6% 44.4% 25 (n=71) 6 (n=157) 80.3% 96.2% 19.7% 0.6% 3.2% 19 (7) 1529 3044 2013 45 66% 202012 3044 15 75% 52013 3044 2013 43.5 0.0% 10.0% 20.0% 30.0% 40.0% 50.0% 15 1529 3044 9.1% 28.2% 28.6% 4559 8.0% 6089 15.0% 2012 (n=419) 90119 120 6.6% 3.8% 2013 (n=287) 20 2012 2013 85

12 66.6% 48.8%+17.8% 20 2013 2013 5.4% 12 21 40% 60% 13 86

87

15 12 46 2012 42 2012 44 15 5 56.1%2012 26.3% 53.0%2012 50.8% 22 5.6%2012 6.4% 32.8% 21 2012 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 34.9% 53.0% 56.5% 30.2% 37.0% 56.1% 2.3% 2.1% 5.4% 13.2% 12.0% 9.3% (n=287) (n=92) 5.6% 10.9% 18.6% (n=43) 4.5% 7.6% 16.3% 22 88

2012 2013 8 56.5% 37.0% 2013 6 2013 1 2 1 8 89

9 8) 9) 12 10 2013 2017 17 90

2013 2017 15 22 20142016 3 2013 1) J sgoal 68 87 91

2) 3) 4) 2013 2012 2013bpp.34-35 5) 2010 77.0%2011 73.3%2012 73.4%2013 68.0% 6) C 9.0% 7) 2012 22 10 2013 17 8) 4.9% BC 9) 2013 2013 2013 Web http://www.j-league.or.jp/ 2011 Vol.5pp.75-100 20122011 Vol.6pp.83-112 2013a2012 B-1 in pp.3-28 92

2013b2013 B-1 in pp. 29-38 2014 10 25 1 pp.49-52 93

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