Eagle Rock Aikido Language and Terms Pronunciation VOWEL a e i o u PRONOUCED LIKE father day see Ohio food COUNTING IN JAPANESE English Ichi (eech) Ni (knee) San (sahn) Shi (she) Go (go) Roku (rohk') Shichi (sheech') Hachi (hahch') Ku or Kyu (coo or queue) Juu (zhu) Hyaku (h -yack-oo) Sen (sen) 一 いち 二 に 三 さん 四 し 五 ご 六 ろく 七 しち 八 はち 九 く きゅ 十 じゅう 百 ひゃく 千 せん Meaning 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 100 1,000 http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/grammar/numbers The numbers from one ten are the most important to become familiar with.
HELPFUL PHRASES Expression or saying (approximate pronunciation) douzo (dough-zhou) ohayo gozaimasu (ohio go-zah-ee-mahs) konnichi wa (cone-knee-chee-wah) komban wa (comb-bahn wah) oyasumi nasai (oh-yah-sue-me nah-sigh) sayonara (sigh-yoh-nah-rah) arigato gozaimasu (ah-ree-gah-toe go-zah-eemass) arigato gozaimashita (ah-ree-gah-toe go-zah-eemash-tah) onegai shimasu (oh-neh-guy she-mahss) oshiete kudasai (oh-shee-ay-tay koo-da-sigh) misete kudasai (me-se-tay koo-da-sigh) gomen nasai (go-men nah-sigh) dou itashimashite (doe e-tah-she-mash-tay) ogenki desu ka (oh-ghen-key des-kah) okagesama de (oh-kah-ghe-sah-ma day) hajimemashite (ha-gee-may-mahsh-tay) shitsurei shimasu (she-tsu-ray-she-mahss) どうぞ お 早 うございます おはようございます 今 日 は こんにちは 今 晩 は こんばんは お 休 みなさい おやすみなさい 左 様 なら さようなら 有 難 うございます ありがとうございます 有 難 うございました ありがとうございました お 願 いします おねがいします 教 えて 下 さい おしえてください 見 せて 下 さい みせてください 御 免 なさい ごめんなさい どう 致 しまして どういたしまして お 元 気 ですか おげんきですか お 蔭 様 で おかげさまで 始 めまして はじめまして 失 礼 します しつれいします Translation please, go ahead, by all means good morning. (< 10:00 am.) hello; good day. (10:00 am >) good evening good night goodbye thank you thank you for what you previously did Polite phrase to ask someone to do something Please teach me please show me I'm sorry or excuse me You're welcome How are you? (do you have good ki?) I m fine, thank you. (a response to "ogenki desu ka".) Literally, under the gods shadow How do you do? Used for introductions. Discourtesy, impoliteness Expression used when performing an action that is impolite, to mean excuse me for being rude.
TYPES OF AIKIDO TRAINING kihon waza tachi waza suwari waza hanmi handachi waza kaeshi waza henka waza jiyu waza randori tachidori katai yawara kai ki no nagare Basic Technique Standing Technique Technique executed from a kneeling or seated position by way of shikko Technique executed with nage kneeling and uke standing Countering techniques modifying or shifting to another technique during execution Free flowing, any attack, any technique Multiple attackers Techniques of taking an opponent s sword Technique started from a static position; rigid (We normally just say static) Flexible (Iwama term, not normally used in our dojo.) Flowing ki How techniques are built and called In Aikido, techniques are normally called by the attack, some body part or area, the desired technique, and any modifiers like front and back. It is useful to become familiar with the building blocks of how these are built to understand what is being called for. For example: katate dori ikkyo omote side hand grab 1 st technique in front. It is not necessary to be able to read or break these down in a detailed way. What is important is to be able to recognize what is being asked for. This detailed breakdown is to help remove confusion for terms like kata which can mean different things and to help students build a language repertoire. Read the kyu and dan examination requirements and refer back to this list to build your understanding of what s required at each level. ATTACKING TERMS English Meaning atemi 当 て 身 あてみ strike to the body osae 押 さえ おさえ holding down (esp. in judo); holding technique; pinning down; immobilizing; bringing under control mochi 持 ち もち Hold; mochi and tori are interchanged in different styles of Aikido. We use tori or dori in our dojo. shime 締 め しめ choking or strangling techniques tori 取 り とり Grab, pronounced dori when used as a suffix. Also used to denote attacker (one who grabs) in Judo and some styles of Aikido (as opposed to uke.) tsuki 突 き つき thrust, lunge, or stab uchi 打 ち うち strike
BODY English Meaning atama 頭 あたま head ashi 足 あし foot ashi 脚 あし leg eri 襟 えり collar hara 腹 はら Center, both physical and spiritual; below the belly button right around where your belt knot is hiza 膝 ひざ knee hiji 肘 ひじ elbow kata 肩 かた shoulder (not to be confused with kata side) koshi 腰 こし hips, waist kote 小 手 こて forearm, literally little hand kubi 首 くび neck men 面 めん face, face guard, striking the head in Kendo mi 身 み body; see also: irimi, hanmi mune 胸 むね chest, torso sode 袖 そで sleeve te 手 て hand ude 腕 うで arm STANCE English ai hanmi hanmi hidari hanmi gyaku hanmi kamae migi hanmi 相 半 身 あいはんみ 半 身 はんみ 左 半 身 ひだりはんみ 逆 半 身 ぎゃくはんみ 構 え かまえ 右 半 身 みぎはんみ Meaning Nage and uke being in the same hanmi. Eg both left hanmi Han= half, mi=body. Triangular stance where one foot it brought back on the line Left foot forward triangular stance Nage and uke being in opposite hanmi. Posture, stance in martial arts Right foot forward triangular stance
MODIFIERS, DIRECTIONS, ETC English Meaning ai 合 あい To meet, join, come together; harmony chudan 中 段 ちゅだん middle gyaku 逆 ぎゃく Reverse, opposite gaeshi 返 し, 反 し かえし Reversal, return. Pronounced kaeshi when not used as a suffix. Eg. kote gaeshi (forearm reversal) gedan 下 段 げだん low guchi 口 くち Opening, normally kuchi, but guchi when used as a suffix. han 半 はん Prefix meaning half Ex: hanmi (half body) handachi (half standing). Tachi changes to dachi when used as a suffix. hidari 左 ひだり left ho 方 ほう direction irimi 入 り 身 いりみ Entering. Literally means entering body. jiyu 自 由 じゆう Free, unrestricted jodan 上 段 じょうだん high kata 方 かた side kaiten 回 転 かいてん Rotation, usu. Around something, revolution, turning mae 前 まえ Front, before migi 右 みぎ right moro 諸 もろ Both; together. Example: both hands grabbing together on nages wrist as in moro te dori omote 表 おもて in front, face ryo 両 りょう Both, as in both hands sho 止 しょう front soku 側 そく Side, normally used with men. Sokumen side of head soto 外 そと Outside, normally outside both uke s arm and body uchi 内 うち Inside, normally between uke s arm and body ura 裏 うら rear; back; behind; bottom, or another side that is hidden from view ushiro 後 うしろ back, behind
CALLED ATTACKS English eri dori kata te dori gyaku te dori hiji dori moro te dori mune dori ryo te dori kata dori ryo kata dori sode guchi dori ushiro ryo te dori ushiro ryo kata dori kubi shime ushiro kubi shime sho men uchi yoko men uchi gyaku men uchi kata dori men uchi tsuki 襟 取 り えりどり 方 手 取 り かたてどり 逆 手 取 り ぎゃくてどり 肘 取 り ひじどり 諸 手 取 り もろてどり 胸 取 り むねどり 両 手 取 り りょてどり 肩 取 り かたどり 両 肩 取 り りょかたどり 袖 口 取 り そでぐちどり 後 両 手 取 り うしろりょてどり 後 両 肩 取 り うしろりょかたどり 首 締 め くびしめ 後 首 締 め うしろくびしめ 止 面 打 ち しょめんうち 横 面 打 ち よこめんうち 逆 面 打 ち ぎゃくめんうち 肩 取 り 面 打 ち かたどりめんうち 突 き つき Meaning Collar grab Side hand grab Opposite hand grab Elbow grab Both of nage s hands grasping one hand of uke Grasping the chest or lapel Grabbing both of nage s hands Shoulder grab Both shoulder grab Grasping the opening of the sleeve Both hands grasped from behind Both shoulders grasped from behind Neck strangle Neck strangle from behind Strike to top of head Strike to side of head Strike to opposite side of head Shoulder grab followed by strike to the head Punch, thrust
AIKIDO TECHNIQUES English Meaning ikkyo 一 教 いっきょう 1 st teaching nikyo 二 教 にきょう 2 nd teaching sankyo 三 教 さんきょう 3 rd teaching yonkyo 四 教 よんきょう 4 th teaching gokyo 五 教 ごきょう 5 th teaching shi ho nage 四 方 投 げ しほなげ Four corner/direction throw kote gaeshi 小 手 返 し こてがえし Forearm return irimi nage 入 身 投 げ いりみなげ Entering throw kaiten nage 回 転 投 げ かいてんなげ Rotary arm throw koshi nage 腰 投 げ こしなげ Hip throw kokyu nage 呼 吸 投 げ こきゅうなげ Breath throw ju ji nage 十 字 投 げ じゅじなげ Figure ten throw, locks arms against each other like in a number 10 十 sumi otoshi 隅 落 すみおとし Corner drop soku men irimi nage 側 面 入 身 投 げ そくめん いりみなげ Entering throw where nage s arm comes across the side of uke s head ten chi nage 天 地 投 げ てんちなげ Heaven (ten 天 ) and earth (chi 地 ) throw ude garami 腕 絡 み うでがらみ Arm entanglement tai no henko 体 の 変 更 たいのへんこ tai body, position, posture no of henko change, modification Change of body, position, posture. Basic blending practice. Versions are irimi and tenkan. Normally performed katai (static) or ki no nagare (flowing ki)
OTHER COMMON AIKIDO TERMS English Meaning abunai (ah-boo-nai) Aikido (eye-key-doe) aikidoka (eye-key-doe-kah) aiki taiso (eye-key-tie-so) ai uchi (eye-oo-chi) bokken (bow-ken) bushido (boo-she-doe) dan (dahn) deshi (deh-she) dojo (doh-joh) dojo cho (doh-joh chou) doshu (doh-shoo) gambatte kudasai (gahm-bah- te khoo-da-sai) gambarimasu (gahm-bah-ri-mah-su) gi (ghee) hajime (ha-gee-may) hakama (hock-kah-ma) hai (high) hantai (Hahn-tie) hasso (Ha-soh) hasso gaeshi (Ha-soh-ga-eh-she) 危 ない あぶない 合 氣 道 あいきどう 合 氣 道 家 あいきどうか 合 氣 体 操 あいきたいそう 相 打 ち あいうち 木 剣 ぼっけん 武 士 道 ぶしどう 段 だん 弟 子 でし 道 場 どうじょう 道 場 長 どうじょうちょう 道 主 どうしゅ 頑 張 って 下 さい がんばってください 頑 張 ります がんばります 着 ぎ 始 め はじめ 袴 はかま はい 反 対 はんたい 八 双 はっそう 八 双 返 し はっそうがえし Dangerous, risky, hazardous, perilous; watch out!, be careful! compound from ai (harmony), ki (spirit), and do (Way): the Way of harmonious spirit. one who practices aikido, an aikidoist. Aikido exercises. Equal strike, equal kill; draw, tie wooden sword used in practice. warrior s code; the way of the warrior. aikido grade holder, black belt rank. student, pupil, disciple. training hall; place of the Way. In Buddhism also refers to the place of worship. Head of a dojo Chairman of the Aikikai (Aikido World Headquarters) Keep up the good work, keep striving toward your goals To persevere, to persist; to keep at it; to hang on; to hold out; to do one s best training clothing. (a synonym is keikogi.) Imperative form for begin, usually as a beginning to formal randori. a divided, pant-like skirt: a formal garment also worn by aikido dan-grade holders. yes, affirmative in reverse order Posture where jo or ken is held vertically at right shoulder Movement from basic stance to hasso posture
iie (ee-eh) itai (ee-tie) jo (joh) kamiza (kah-me-zah) keiko (kay-koh) keikogi (kay-koh-ghee) ken (ken) ki (key) kiai (key-eye) kohai (co-high) kokyu (coke-you) kokyu dosa (coke-you doe-sah) Kokyu-Ryoku (coke-you ree-oh-kyoo) kyu (cue) ma-ai (ma-eye) ma te (ma- -te) misogi (me-soh-ghi) mudansha (moo-don-sha) mushin (moo-shin) musubi (moo-soo-bee) nage (nah-gay) obi (oh-bee) いいえ 痛 い いたい 杖 じょう 神 座 かみざ 稽 古 けいこ 稽 古 着 けいこぎ 剣 けん 氣 き 気 合 い きあい 後 輩 こうはい 呼 吸 こきゅう 呼 吸 動 作 こきゅうどうさ 呼 吸 力 こきゅうりょく 級 きゅう 間 合 い まあい 待 って まって 禊 みそぎ 無 段 者 むだんしゃ 無 心 むしん 結 び むすび 投 げ なげ 帯 おび No, negative Painful, sore, it hurts wooden staff shrine; literally "seat of the spirit(s)" practice session; training training clothing. (a synonym is gi) sword spirit: the vital force of the body; universal energy; a stream or flow of positive energy a piercing scream or cry with practical and psychological value; literally "meeting of the spirits" student junior to oneself; someone with a lower rank or who attained the same rank at a later date. (see sempai) breath power; the coordination of ki flow with breathing a method of off-balancing and pinning your partner with ki instead of physical power breath power the aikido ranks held by undergraduates, prior to attainment of dan ranking distance between uke and nage. literally, "harmony of space" Wait Purification of body and mind, also of the environment someone who has not yet attained dan ranking: an undergraduate. (see yudansha) No mind, a mind without ego Connection, blending, or harmonizing a throw or the person who throws belt
O'Sensei (oh-sen-say) rei (ray) samurai (sam-ooh-rye) seiza (say-zah) sempai (sem-pie) sensei (sen-say) senshin (s) shihan (she-hahn) shikaku (she-ka-koo) shikkou (she-kohh) shinai (she-nigh) shisei (she-say) shodan (show-don) shomen (show-men) shugyo (shoo-gyo) suburi (suh-boor-ee) sutemi (suh-teh-me) tachi (tah-chee) taijutsu (tie-jute-sue) tanto (tahn-toe) tegatana (tay-gah-tah-nah) tekubi (tay-koo-be) 大 先 生 おおせんせい 礼 れい 侍 さむらい 正 座 せいざ 先 輩 せんぱい 先 生 せんせい 洗 心 せんしん 師 範 しはん 死 角 しかく 膝 行 しっこう 竹 刀 しない 姿 勢 しせい 初 段 しょだん 正 面 しょうめん 修 行 しゅぎょう 素 振 り すぶり 捨 て 身 すてみ 太 刀 立 ち たち 体 術 たいじゅつ 短 刀 たんとう 手 刀 てがたな 手 首 てくび Morihei Ueshiba, the founder of aikido; literally, "great teacher" salutation, bow military retainer (from the feudal period of history) formal sitting posture in which the insteps and shins rest against the floor student senior to oneself; someone with a higher rank or who attained the same rank at an earlier date. (see kohai) teacher, instructor; generally a title earned at 4th dan A purified and cleansed spirit Master teacher, very high ranked instructor Blind spot; dead space; dead angle, no counter possible A technique of walking on the knees. Note that the last o is held twice as long: shikkou. Bamboo and leather practice sword used in kendo Attitude, posture, stance; carriage of the body holder of the first grade of black belt 1. the front or top of the head; 2. the front of the dojo, where the kamiza is Rigorous daily training a single movement using the ken or jo, done as a solo practice a hard fall; literally "casting aside one's body" 1. sword; 2. standing (as opposed to sitting) body arts; the techniques of aikido performed without weapons dagger hand blade; sword edge of the hand Wrist (literally hand neck)
uke (ooh-kay) ukemi (ooh-ke-me) waza (wah-zah) yame (ya-may) yudansha (you-don-sha) zanshin (zahn-shin) zazen (zah-zen) 受 け うけ 受 身 うけみ 技 わざ 止 め やめ 有 段 者 ゆうだんしゃ 残 心 ざんしん 座 禅 ざぜん a person who receives an attack; generally speaking, the person being thrown the art of receiving the energy of a technique; literally, "receive with the body" technique(s) Imperative form for stop. Usually said to end formal randori black belt grade holder(s). (see mudansha) Remaining mind Seated Zen meditation, usually in a cross legged position or in seiza If you are interested in learning more about the language, one excellent resource is http://www.guidetojapanese.org/learn/ Online Dictionary Service: http://www.csse.monash.edu.au/~jwb/cgi-bin/wwwjdic.cgi?1c This document is compiled from different definition sources such as the links above and from our own learned knowledge of and Aikido. As such, they are definitions of common words and terms. If you have a definition that you would like add, to have attributed to you, or to have removed, please contact us at eaglerockaikido@gmail.com.