1 (LCC) IT Internet SystemPAMCMMS Web BM : Breakdown Maintenance Planned Maintenance PM : Preventive Maintenance ISO13372 PRM : Predictive Maintenance () RBI ( ) ( ) () RBI 振動状態監視 ( 簡易診断 )
C D 11%4% 2% 5% 7% 14% 89% 68% A B C D E F No 1 2 3 etc 8 etc 6 etc 3 etc 0 20kg/cm 2 4 10kg/cm 2 20kg/cm 2 3 200mmHg abs 10kg/cm 2 1 200mmHg abs 300 3 0 100 300 2 100 1 A B No 4 5 6 2 etc 0 etc 4 2 ( etc) 0 4 2 0 2
No 1 15 7 156 4 etc 2 0 No 2 3 4 4 2 0 4 2 0 4 0 1 6 16 4 5 11 2 11 0 2 2 [P i] (1) P i (2) P o (3) L = P i P o (4) η= P o / P i 2 [S] [P o] S A B C D A 30 50 22 29 16 21 0 15 3
NAS SOAP 0 10 20 30 40 50 56mm (1μm) 1. 2. 55mm 3. 5mm 50mm 4. 100 SOAP Spectrometric Oil Analysis Program SOAP 5μ 50 0.001 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000 (μm) HP ICP JOAP(Joint Oil Analysis Program) 4
ICP Voltage Time NAS CO 2 RS232 NAS NAS1638 100ml 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 515μm 4,000 8,000 16,000 32,000 64,000 128,000 256,000 512,000 1,024,000 1525μm 712 1,425 2,850 5,700 11,400 22,800 45,600 91,200 182,400 2550μm 126 253 506 1,012 2,025 4,050 8,100 16,200 32,400 50100μm 22 45 90 180 360 720 1,440 2,880 5,760 15dB 5.6 100μm 4 8 16 32 64 128 256 512 1,024 NAS 10 12 7Mpa NAS 9 10 NAS 8 9 NAS 6 7 5
振動状態監視 簡易診断 NAS等級の測定事例 NAS1638では 作動油100mlあたりの汚染異物の個数で汚染度等級を制定 粒径 等級 4 5 5 15μm 4,000 8,000 16,000 6 9 10 11 12 32,000 7 64,000 15 25μm 712 1,425 25 50μm 126 253 50 100μm 22 100μm 4 8 128,000 256,000 512,000 1,024,000 2,850 5,700 11,400 22,800 45,600 91,200 182,400 506 1,012 2,025 4,050 8,100 16,200 32,400 45 90 180 360 720 1,440 2,880 5,760 8 16 32 64 128 256 512 1,024 熱画像 プリズムによる分光 ISO等級のための測定例 1800年 ハーシェル(英国)が太陽光をプリズ ムで分光している時に 偶然に赤色光の外側 に物体の温度を高くする目に見えない光があ ることを発見した 赤外線とは ISO等級の測定事例 ISO4406では 試料1mlあたりの粒子の個数濃度で清浄度コードを割当 清浄度を2μm 5μm 15μmの3コードで表示 波長が0.7μm 1mmの範囲の電磁波である 清浄度コード 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 粒子数 0.02 0.04 0.08 0.16 0.32 0.64 1.3 2.5 5 10 清浄度コード 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 粒子数 20 40 80 160 320 640 1.3k 2.5k 5k 10k 清浄度コード 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 粒子数 20k 40k 80k 160k 320k 640k 1.3kk 2.5kk 5kk 10kk k = 1,000 kk = 1,000,000 300GHz 3MHz 波長 周波数 赤外線ｻｰﾓｸﾞﾗﾌｨ が扱う波長帯域 18/17/14 (2μ/5μ/15μ) 波長(μ) 波数(/10mm) 0.72 1.5μm 近赤外線 1.5 5.6μm 中間赤外線 5.6 1000μm 遠赤外線 6
2 320(H)240(V) 1/60s 814μm -401500 0.04at 30 22% 32(H) 1.78 mrad 24(V) ISO/CD18434 Condition monitoring and diagnostics of machines Thermography General procedures 2 HP G120EX : 118 2 ISO/CD18434 Condition monitoring and diagnostics of machines Thermography General procedures NEC HP 7
AE AE AE (Envelope) Acoustic Emission AE AE khz MHz Amp. RF out <1kHz ENV out AE s 1 s 2 FFT (c/min) AE (a) (b) (c) 8
Crest Factor c P eak eak f rms rms P 1. 2. 2. 3. 4. 5. 1. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Peak rms Crest Factor c Peak P eak eak f rms rms P rms HFD gse HFD : High frequency demodulation HFD Hilbert gse IRD p-p 9
0.85 0 s 4 n i1 x i 4 Kurtosis Kurtosis 3 3 Southampton R.M.Steward 68.3% 68.3% Equivalent rms eq 0 σ σ Kurtosis = 20.6 0.005 σ σ rms Com _ ra 2.75 rms 10
(1) (2) (3) (4) (1) (2) (3) 11
1 10 100 1k 1k 10k 100k 3 10 1k 1k 5k 20k 50k 10Hz1kHzrms Over all Charge Amplifier Intrgrator 1 A V Integrator 2 V D Low Pass Filter A V D High Pass Filter True RMS Detector Peak Detector 3 3 3 23 6 BPFI = (N b f r 0.6)10 10 10 1 10 100 1k 1k 10k 100k Hz 10 100 1,000 10,000 3 10 1k 1k 5k 20k 50k 12
1kHz 1kHz ISO 10816-1 HV HVA HV ISO 10816-1 ISO ISO 17359 7.8 ISO 10816-1 13
ISO 10816-1 H V A H V A H V A H V A rms rms ISO 10816-1 2 3 1 4 5 14
3 3 15
(1) (2) (3) (4) (1) (2) (3) : 6 or 9 : 3 3.0 : 95% 2.5 : 50% 2.0 : 30% mm/s : 6 or 9 : 3 3.0 : 95% 2.5 : 50% 2.0 : 30% 1 vn l log n v 0 16
y ax b 2 mm/s y v 10 0 axb / / mm/s / / / / 17
A B C Hz 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 f i 79.3 0.163 0.044 0.067 0.356 0.263 0.071 0.175 f o 49.4 0.090 0.060 0.076 0.219 0.233 0.105 0.252 f b 32.8 0.080 0.045 0.108 0.378 0.255 0.254 0.155 f i 79.3 0.149 0.047 0.072 0.372 0.251 0.114 0.169 f o 49.4 0.296 0.041 0.061 0.319 0.066 0.128 0.178 f b 32.7 0.220 0.036 0.068 0.479 0.092 0.121 0.193 f i 95.2 0.048 0.130 0.029 0.277 0.050 0.065 0.049 f o 65.7 0.052 0.081 0.039 0.121 0.075 0.082 0.064 f b 42.3 0.039 0.090 0.033 0.102 0.058 0.0574 0.081 mm/s (rms) A 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.7 B 0.6 0.5 0.7 0.6 C 0.6 0.9 2.4 2.8 A B N: 8 B: 36.512 P: 159.0 CD N: 8 B: 31.750 P: 140.0 1000 rpm A B MG DC AC f i : 82.0Hz f i : 81.8Hz f o : 51.4Hz f b : 34.4Hz f o : 51.5Hz f b : 34.9Hz C D 2 D 0.6 0.7 0.5 0.7 A N: 8 B: 20.638 P: 89.0 B N: 8 B: 23.812 P: 102.5 C N:10 B: 15.875 P: 86.5 965 rpm A B C f i : 79.3Hz f i : 79.3Hz f i : 95.2Hz f o : 49.4Hz f b : 32.8Hz f o : 49.4Hz f b : 32.7Hz f o : 65.7Hz f b : 42.3Hz 7 A B C D Hz 1 2 2 f i 82.0 0.007 0.264 0.010 f o 51.4 0.012 0.148 0.011 f b 34.4 0.011 0.195 0.011 f i 82.0 0.004 1.776 0.005 f o 51.4 0.006 0.589 0.006 f b 34.4 0.007 1.111 0.006 f i 81.8 0.060 0.035 0.030 f o 51.5 0.122 0.044 0.028 f b 34.9 0.086 0.032 0.020 f i 81.8 0.024 0.055 0.033 f o 51.5 0.030 0.092 0.064 f b 34.9 0.033 0.076 0.040 18
2000 1000 T.C.Rathbone Power Plant Engineering 193911 (Peak to Peak:μ) 100 1 5dB 10 3 60 600 6000 (rpm) S.J.Shuey (Peak to Peak:μ) Power Engineering 19735 IRD (Peak to Peak:μ) 1000 100 10 1 1 6dB (rpm) 0.1 100 1000 10000 100000 (rpm) S.J.Shuey 1000 (Peak to Peak:) 100 10 955rpm=15.9Hz D=20μm ( ) V=1mm/s ( ) A=0.1m/s 2 ( ) 1 ----- r 1.5 1 --- = 1m/s 2 () r 2 1 --- = 5mm/s () r 1 100 300 600 1000 3000 6000 (rpm) M.P.Blake AA (Peak to Peak:μ) 2000 1000 A 2 100 B 10 C D Hydrocarbon Processing and Petroleum Refinery 19641 10 AA A B C D 39.5dB 2 100 300 1000 1800 4000 10000 (rpm) 19
M.P.Blake 2 1.6 1 ( ) 0.5 0.3 (Peak to Peak:μ) 2000 1000 100 10 AA A B C D 2 100 300 1000 1800 4000 10000 (rpm) (mm/s) 45.0 28.0 18.0 11.2 7.1 0.28 ISO10816-1 10Hz1,000Hz mm/s (rms) 4.5 2.8 6.316dB 1.8 1.12 2.58dB 0.71 0.45 D ( ) C () B () A () (mm/s) 45.0 28.0 18.0 11.2 7.1 4.5 0.28 ISO2372 2.8 1.8 1.12 0.71 0.45 15kW 10200/ 15kW75kW 300kW 1974 ISO10816-1 mm/s (rms) 45 28 18 14.7 11.2 9.3 7.1 4.5 2.8 1.8 1.12 0.71 Zone boundary A/B 0.71 to 4.5 Range of typical zone boundary values r.m.s. vibration velocity (mm/s) Zone boundary B/C 1.8 to 9.3 Zone boundary C/D 4.5 to 14.7 0.45 3 0.28 1 4 ISO10816 15kW 2009 2 (mm/s) 45.0 28.0 18.0 11.2 7.1 4.5 0.28 ISO10816-1 10Hz1,000Hz mm/s (rms) 2.8 1.8 1.12 0.71 0.45 15kW 10200/ 15kW75kW 300kW 1974 600rpm12,000rpm 10μm 100μm p-p : 20
f 2P 4P 6P 50 Hz 20 30 30 60 Hz 15 25 30 50 Hz 30 50 50 60 Hz 26 43 50 V5 V10 V15 V20 V30 (μm p-p ) 510 15 2030 mm/s (rms) 5 10 25 50 3.5 7 20 35 2.5 5 12 25 2.5 5 12 25 2 4 10 20 mm/s(rms) 0.5 mm/s 1 mm/s 5 mm/s (<10kW) 1 mm/s 2 mm/s 10 mm/s (10100kW) 2 mm/s 4 mm/s 20 mm/s (>100kW) (A) 2 mm/s (rms) 4 8 20 40 3.5 7 17 35 3 6 15 30 3 6 15 30 3 6 15 30 2.5 5 15 25 2.5 5 15 25 2 4 12 20 Canadian Standard CDA/MA/NVSH107 mm/s (rms) Machine Type Good Caution Dangerous 2 18 (4) 32 (10) Large Steam Turbines Pomp Drive 1.4 5.6 (3) 18 (7) Motor Generator Sets 1 3.2 (2) 10 (5) Fan Drives at far end 1 3.2 (2) 10 (5) Boiler Auxiliaries 1 3 (2) 10 (5) General Motor 0.25 1.8 (0.5) 5.6 (1.5) mm/s (rms) 3600 3 6 15 30 1800 2 4 10 20 mm/s (rms) 3.5 7 18 35 2.5 5 16 25 21
mm/s (rms) 5 10 25 50 mm/s (rms) 3 6 15 30 2.5 5 13 25 2 4 10 20 mm/s (rms) AGMA:American Gear Manufacturers Association 30-50cm 5 10 25 50 20-30cm 4 8 22 40 10-20cm 3 6 15 30 <10cm 2.5 5 13 25 2.5 5 13 25 2.5 5 13 25 1.5 3 8 15 Mils(p-p) Hz mm/s (rms) AGMA:American Gear Manufacturers Association 1 2 5 10 2 4 10 20 1 2 5 10 (1) 1 2 (2) 0.5 1 (3) 0.3 0.6 μm(p-p) Hz 22
API613 2.5mm/s 2.5mm/s 5.1mm/s 5.1mm/s 7.6mm/s 7.6mm/s 12.7mm/s 12.7mm/s 5.1mm/s 5.1mm/s 7.6mm/s 7.6mm/s 10.2mm/s 10.2mm/s 15.2mm/s 15.2mm/s Levels-Lufkin Industries, Inc. () :1kHz10kHz (rms) 30 m/s 2 10 m/s 2 30 m/s 2 10 m/s 2 () 600rpmV SwRI Danger Correction Marginal Design SwRI Southwest Research Institute B/ C 1.4410 7 C: B: A: DN D(mm) N(rpm)/10000 mm N 000 DN 15 rpm /10, DN DN A/ B 0.3610 7 JFE (rms) (N : rpm) 3000 2500 2000 1500 1200rpm 1000 700 X d (m/s 2 (rms)) 20 40 20 10 6 4 :2.2m/s 2 2 7 2 10 D N 1 0.6 0.4 10 6 4 2 1 0.6 :0.55m/s 2 0.4 0.2 0.1 X 0. 25 c X d 100 70 50 40 30 20 15 15mm 10 7 5 (D : mm) 23
(NU312,z:12) 0.15 0.19 0.16 0.17 0.25 0.18 0.19 0.15 0.18 0.22 0.27 0.32 0.19 0.21 0.17 0.23 0.20 0.15 0.35 0.29 2.0 2.1 1.5 2.4 1.8 2.3 3.3 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.1 3.0 3.0 2.6 2.5 2.4 1.7 2.0 2.3 2.3 μ N = 0.211 σ N = 0.056 μ F = 2.34 σ F = 0.43 DN (m/s 2 ) μ F = 2.34 σ F = 0.43 DN ( ) μ N = 0.211 σ N = 0.056 (mm/s) 60 50 40 30 20 10 kw (kw) 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 24
0.15 0.19 0.16 0.17 0.25 0.18 0.19 0.15 0.18 0.22 0.27 0.32 0.19 0.21 0.17 0.23 0.20 0.15 0.35 0.29 0.001 (=0dB) xi Li log 0.001 2.18 2.28 2.20 2.23 2.40 2.26 2.28 2.18 2.26 2.34 2.43 2.51 2.28 2.32 2.23 2.36 2.30 2.18 2.54 2.46 μ n = 2.31 σ n = 0.107 μ c =(μ n +μ f )/2 σ c =(σ n +σ f )/2 μ n = 2.31 μ c = 2.84 μ f = 3.36 σ n = 0.107 σ c = 0.095 σ f = 0.082 2.0 2.1 1.5 2.4 1.8 2.3 3.3 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.1 3.0 3.0 2.6 2.5 2.4 1.7 2.0 2.3 2.3 0.001 (=0dB) xi Li log 0.001 3.30 3.32 3.18 3.38 3.26 3.36 3.52 3.40 3.40 3.40 3.32 3.48 3.48 3.41 3.40 3.38 3.23 3.30 3.36 3.36 μ f = 3.36 σ f = 0.082 L c n c c n 2.31 0.095 2.84 0.107 2.59 0.107 0.095 n c μ n = 2.31 μ c = 2.84 μ f = 3.36 σ n = 0.107 σ c = 0.095 σ f = 0.082 L d c f f c 2.84 0.082 3.36 0.095 3.12 0.095 0.082 c f μ n = 2.31 μ f = 3.36 μ n = 2.31 μ c = 2.84 μ f = 3.36 σ n = 0.107 σ f = 0.082 σ n = 0.107 σ c = 0.095 σ f = 0.082 25
L c = 2.59 L d = 3.12 μ f = 2μ c μ n σ f = 2σ c σ n μ n = 2.31 μ c = 2.84 μ f = 3.36 μ n = 2.31 μ c = 2.84 μ f = 3.37 σ n = 0.107 σ c = 0.095 σ f = 0.082 σ n = 0.107 σ c = 0.095 σ f = 0.083 X c X d 0.00110 Lc 0.00110 Ld 0.00110 2.59 0.00110 0.39 3.12 1.32 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 μ n = 2.31 μ c = 2.84 σ n = 0.107 σ c = 0.095 3.0:90% 2.5:50% 2.0 2.0:30% 30%2.5 50%3.0 95% 26
L c = μ n +2σ n = 2.52 L f = μ n +6σ n = 2.95 μ n = 2.31 μ n = 2.31 σ n = 0.107 σ n = 0.107 μ c = μ n +4σ n σ n < 0.102 σ n = 0.102 (1.6) L c = 2.52 2σ L f = 2.95 μ n = 2.31 μ n = 2.74 σ n = 0.107 σ c = 0.107 2.3% 2.3% μ c = μ n +4σ n σ n < 0.102 σ n = 0.102 (1.6) μ f = μ n +8σ n L c = 2.52 L f = 2.95 μ n = 2.31 μ n = 2.74 μ n = 3.17 L c : 2.59 2.52 σ n = 0.107 σ c = 0.107 σ f = 0.107 L f : 3.12 2.95 0.1681.5 27
σ n < 0.102 σ n = 0.102 (1.6) x g (Normal Domain) GD g X 0.4 2 x 2 4 x (Caution Domain) CD g (Dangerous Domain) DD g X X 4 10 x (Not Permitted) X NP 10 x g 1 1.6 2.5 4 6.5 ISO (ALARMS) 2 ISO10816 +(Zone B )0.25 < 1.25(Zone B ) (Zone C ) ( ) x 1 x x x x x g s 1 2 xn 1 x3 n i1 2 1 n x i x g n 1 x g 3s x2 3 n n i1 x i *****<LCL< x g <UCL<***** n (Standard Deviation) x g 3s 11.2 4.5 1.8 (Zone C ) Zone D Zone C x g 2 2x g Zone B Zone A x g f 1 f 2 f 3 f 4 28
1.25(Zone B ) (Zone C Zone D) Zone D 11.2 Zone C 4.5 x g +0.25B/C Zone B 1.8 11.2 4.5 1.8 Zone D Zone C Zone B B/C 10x g x g Zone A Zone A x g f 1 f 2 f 3 f 4 f 1 f 2 f 3 f 4 (TRIPS) 10 ISO 10816-2 B 1 3000rpm (ISO 10816-2) r/min 1500 or 1800 3000 or 3600 rms (mm/s) A/B 2.8 3.8 B/C 5.3 7.5 C/D 8.5 11.8 ISO10816-2ISO13373 (Zone C Zone D) < 1.25(Zone C ) 8mm/s 4mm/s 4+0.257.5=5.9mm/s (Zone B) 6mm/s 6+0.257.5=7.9mm/s (Zone C) 1.257.5 = 9.37 4mm/s6mm/s 11.8mm/s 1.2511.8 = 14.75 Zone C 1.25(Zone C ) 11.2 4.5 1.8 Zone D Zone C Zone B 10x g Zone A x g f 1 f 2 f 3 f 4 29