12 9 2 12 13 2 14 11

1 2

1 3 3 4 13 12 18 9 22 22 2005 13 5 22 32 21 13 12 3 37 37 13 6 26 50 13 1 16

56 56 12 12 5 61 16 75 80 83 83 12 10 31 87 21 13 2 6 100 21 104 104 13 3 21

109 13 4 24 115 14 4 18 100 121 125

10 1 1

JCO H 20 2

12 9 14 3 1 3

( ) 13.12.18. 21 IT IT IT 1 IT ( ) 2000 52 40 27 17 2 GNP 1 4

1920 34 01 1 4,500 95 140 (Noblis Oblige) ( ) WTO 2 4,280 1,730 2 6

( ) 7

7080 2 10 2 10 20 8

( ( ) 1 1 1 1 1 1 90 OA 15 5 80 ( ) 9

10 DRAM 3 EMS OEM TCL

90 80 90 2 (ROA) 2001 ROA GDP ROA( ) = ( ) ( ) 4 ROA 80 90 11

2 80 2 TFT TFT 80 90 100% 90 5 TFT 5 90 98 DRAM TFT TFT DRAM DRAM TFT 12

80 13

14 DRAM TFT ( (1987)) 90 ( (2002)) 90 ( ) 1 (6)

90 2 15

16 (invisible asset)( 1984) (tacit knowledge)( 1990)

17 7 5 (governance mechanism)

(2002) (1984) (1987) MBA (2002) (1990) 18

19

20

21

EMS 13.5.22. 2005 1 200 15 1,062 ( 13 9,099 ) 1,234 ( 1 780 6.6 14 (11 ) 564 330 5 (308 ) (160 ) 171 1 1/65 22

2 3 1990 ( )1,349 2001 978 ( 371 1 ) 667 667 417 1,084 1,084 591 2001 1,675 2 1 2/65 3 1721 90 ( ) 1153 568 707 (60%) 707 446 (40%) 1014 335 1349 417 6 4 (1990 )487 250 2001 172 1991 421 2001 335 20 4 3/65 23

1990 2001 167 4 4 515 487 338 250 237 177 501 421 513 343 168 183 80 170 4/65 5 5 ( ) ( :1000 ) ( :1000 ) /147137 131120 10698 96112122 128111 110 5/65 24

25 6 10 5,337 8,703 2005 7 8 9 6/65 ( )) 6 7

8 9 IT 10 26

27 11 12 10 11

( ) 2 12 ( 13) 9578 (95) (961) 98 55 40 5 FA 1 35 989 6800 6000 13 28

2005 2005 2002 99 IT 29

CCC21 7 30 (11.5 1999 ) (5.5 ) (6.6 ) (10.0 ) IT IT IT BTO ( ) ( ) 2001 30

GE 1 1 31

13.12.3. 21 20 21 20 21 ING ( ) 1949 2000 2 150 1 4,911 ( 1 5,000 5,000 ) 11 76(30 ) 1990 1 5,100 (4 1,000 1,343 921 2000 ( ) 30.0 30.1 16.3 5.7 52 707 8 5,300 3 8,700 1949 14 2005 22 14 14 32

1960 GM 45 15 15 1966 2001 30 76 IC 1964 10 1972 1993 3 1967 ZD1970 197378 33

1970 2 BOSCH 1953 1964 IC IC BOSCH 510 2005 10 1972 ( IT ) ( 14 ) 21 21 ING 21 ING ( ) 21 (G) LCA TLO 34

(TLONPO) 16 59( 18 20 3 21) ( 331) ( 002) 16 ( ) 80 35

ING 1,300 1,300 36

EMS EMS EMS EMS 1980 1990 13.6.26. EMS E MS EMS EMS EMS(Electronics Manufacturing Services) (Solectron orp. 1977 ) 2000 10 2000 Nortel Networks Corp. NattSteel 2000 141 3,750 ( 46 ) 4 9,720 ( 42 ) 2001 187 70 2001 8 EMS SCI SystemsInk.( 2000 83 4,300 )Flextronics International Ltd.( 57 3,970 ) Celestica Inc.( 52 9,700 )Jabil CircuitInc.( 35 5,800 ) 1 37

38 2000.11.6. EMS 2000 2 Cisco SystemsInc. 2000 189 ( 55 ) 26 6,800 ( 32 ) 14 Sun Microsystems,Inc. 10 2 1

EMS EMS EMS 3 EMS ( ) LAN 3 EMS EMS 1 4 EMS 10 39

EMS EMS EMS EMS 5 6EMS EMS PalmInc AIBO 4

5 6 () EMS Nortel Netwaorks SCI Systems Nokia EMS 41

Microsoft Corp.2001 box EMS 7 NVIDIA Corp.(3 LSI) Intel Corp.( )THOMSON multimedia (MPEG2 DVD-ROM )Western Digital Corp.( ) Microsoft Corp. Flextronics International Ltd. EMS 7 EMS 2 1 1 EMS NEC (Intel ) ( ) Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co. Ltd(TSMC)United Microelectronics Corp.(UMC) LSI LSI EMS 42

EMS EMS NEC NEC EMS 12 1 EMS Celestica Inc. Onex Corp. IBM EMS EMS Jabil Circuit ( ) EMS 10 EMS EMS 43

IBM EMS CEO 1988 IBM COO 94 1,500 4 1992 EMS ( ) ( ) 8 9 70 141 140 8 9 Sources ; Dataquest, November 1998 Technology Forecasters, Inc., September 1997 44

45 COO CFO 40 70 EMS 10 11 12-10

46 11 12

1980 1990 80 NPI(New Product Introduction) ( ) 13 13 1991 1997 2 ( ) R&D EMS EMS 3 1 IT 14 SCM 47

14 IT 48

1 1 49

EMS 13.1.16. EMS 2000 12 (EMSElectronics Manufacturing Services) 2 2 ( :1,300 :750 ) 2 (EMCS:Engineering Manufacturing and Customer Services) 13 EMCS EMCS EMCS 3 EMCS EMCS ( ) 50

EMS EMS EMCS EMS EMS 2001 4 13 2001 4 EMCS 2000 3 EMCS ( ) 1 IT 13 IT 51

EMCS 2001 4 1 5,000 12,000 DVD VTR VTR VTR CRT CRT VTR 20013 ( ) IT ( ) ()3 2001 4 EMCS EMCS EMS 20008 1 5,270 (141 3,750 1 108 ) EMCS EMS 6 5,000 62 (57 ) EMCS EMCS EMCS EMCS 52

2 3 ( ) 2001 4 2000 3 EMCS Fab1Fab2( ) Sony Semiconductor(Thailand)Co.Ltd.( )Semiconductor San Antonio( ) 2001 4 2,500 242 100 5,050 ICMMICMOSICCCDLCD 2000 8 (SNC) EMCS ( ) and (CNC) 53

EMCS R&D 3 EMSC R&D R&D 2000116 200111 55

1990 12.12.5. M & A 1 1962 ( 14 ) TV 1930 1937 (MYK) 1979 (MQS)1989 (MQM) 7 11 3 2,656 56

1,246 ( 296 ) 12 3 ( 50 ) ( : ) 12 4 1988 (. 20 ) ( ( ) 2 2000 350 (10 ) 130 (2 ) 2 1 57

( ) ( ) ( ) 1999 120,000 10ppm 2 1995 300 350 (8,500 1 )( 15 ) 120 15 (80,000 1 ( 80 ) 2 5 58

( ) ( ) ( ( ) TPM 23 MQS( )MQM( )MTK( )3 250 230 130 5 ( )40 ( ) ( ) TCXOVCXO 59

5M 1E(MAN MACHINE MATERIAL METHOD MANAGEMENTENVIRONMENT) EMS 60

2 61

4 5 6 4 1 1 ( ) ( ) (dominant design) 62

AV IC IH 1 1 (commodity) 63

3 2 3 9 3 3 3 ( 64

(product-process matrix) 4 4 1 1 4 1 4 4 2 1 65

1 2 5 5 2 66

2 67

1 68

69

70

72 Hayes and Wheelwright (1988), p.427

73 Volume zone niche

74 Volume zone niche Mass customization Cost leadership

16 1980 1990 1986 1987 (-196) (-181) 20 75

1 45 ( ) km 1 10000 100 1km 3 2 1990 1991 1 76

1993 3~5 DOE 1988 () 2 1 NEDO (Super-GM) 9 9 3 1988 1 4 SQUID NEDO 77

1990 1 ( ) 1 2~3 3 10~20 1990 10 10 8 ( 1000km ) 78

7~8 DOE EU 4 EU EU EU 79

80

81

82

2 SE 12.10.31. 4 1 10 1990 7 3D SLA250 1994 CADCAM (IPA) 1998 1999 CAM CAM CAD CAD 83

8,715 150 1999 3,220 330 220 1974 CAD 1990 7 CAD 1 1994 CAD 95 CAD 23 2 1998 9 IT 12 CAD CAD IT 1999 45 610 1 5,000 1 13 84

CAD CADCAM ( 52 ) ( ) IT 42 5 1 4 12 1 122 12 1 14 IT 2 85

GM GM 70 WCDNA IT 86

CAD 13.2.6. 21 8 9 ( 1 4,500 )UC ASP 35 N H O H K F S ( ) S ASP( ) IT 87

1 20 1 21 5 2 EMS 12 13 NEC 3 EMS NEC 3 10 88

89 ITCRM( ) 1 ITCRM( ) 2 3 2 3

90 ECM CRM( ) ( ) CPUAPS( ) ( ) CPU APS( ) APS CRM APS 4 4

CAD LAN RD 5 91

92 PDM( ) 6 CAD 7 8 ( ) 7

93 ) (ECM ) ) 9 10 11 12 13 14 8 9

) ) ECM MRP ( ) 10 11 View ViewViewViewB O M 2000/9/1 2000/8/1 2000/7/1 1985/01/01 94

12 13 14 95

MRP MRP MRP MOE( ) MOE( 15 (IT A B ) 15 96

97 ECM MOE 16 MRP( ) 17 18 APSPDMCIM 16 17

18 MRP 21 21 ECM MOE 3 i FA OS Java i PDA IT PDA ROE ( ) ( ) 98

RD ( ) MRP EMS 99

1. 10 NKK IHI 2. 30 20 1880 30 40 40 48 3 1 3 1 1,100 250 350 IT 100

101 2 5 80 OECD 3. ( ) 50 SO ( )2002 IT ( )

4. ( ) 60 IT ( ) IT 102

5. 1993 pp.116-119vol.866 2002.3. P. 1994 14 3 103

104 21 NPO ( : ) NPO 13.3.21.

IT IT OS WIN NPO NPO 1 1 105

NPO NPO 1 2 3 NPO PR NPO NPO NPONGO NPO 2 2 106

3000 9 2 1 NPO 3 3 107

8 NPO NPO NPO 1 100 100 NPO NPO NPO 108

13.4.24. (LearningRegion) IT 109

IT RD 4 110

111 ( ) 4

112 ( ) (GE EMS ) ( ) (IT ) IT 5 5

( ) CPS CATV IT 113

EMS IT 3 NPO 114

14.4.18. 6 2.9 1.1359 MVA MV GE 0.9695 2.3399 ABD 0.4334 0.7333 GDP 19 20 30 2 ( ) 115

6 6 3 IT IT IT 116

80 QCD IBM 43 20 2 7 KPI( ) 7 117

21 8 9 IT 2 8 9 118

119 IT ( IT) 10 11 ( 530 ) 10

11 1500 500 500 ( ) ( )3 IT 500 3050 250 200 NPO 120

100 10 276 138 2 1 100 1 100 VTR 10 1989 MIT( Made in America 121

( MIT 1990) MIT 100 MIT ( ) ( ) MIT IBM V 100 IT 100 50 122

100 10 200 300 50 5 50 123

100 IT 4 J 10 1970 1985 100 DNA 124

125

126

127

128

129

130

131

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