23 Japanese official medical care system in the Meiji Era and the Ottoman Battleship Ertuğrul : The case study about the medical cares to the foreigners infected with cholera (1890) Nobuo MISAWA 1890 23 500 1 2 1890 23 5 6 1 6 7 149

43-2 2005 23 7 26 10 30 10 30 1-1 4 15 1890 23 3 18 18 150

10 1880 13 1883 16 1877 10 1880 13 1889 22 1883( 16) 1931 4 5 1890 23 6 27 6 23 7 151

43-2 2005 7 18 Abdullah 11 19 1 10 35 2-1 15 20 Osman Paşa 21 21 1 10 152

1 565 21 10 12 1 11 21 11 1 12 21 575 577 8 69 1 9 22 580 560 10 38 1-1 4 22 4 1 22 2 20 7 40 9 9 23 Hussuni Bey 24 7 8 57 7 25 153

43-2 2005 1 1 1-1 4 11 154

600 7 21 8 20 1 2,500 12 20 8 25 9 10 38 9 14 13 9 15 11 50 14 2 50 2-2 1890 23 155

43-2 2005 7 20 22 15 19 20 21 19 1 16 20 21 17 156

22 18 19 23 20 157

43-2 2005 24 21 158

26 24 22 26 23 159

43-2 2005 25 27,28 24 26 8 25 27 28 30 27 9 9 27 160

30 1 28 8 161

43-2 2005 13 Japonya daki Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Büyükelçiliği Atatürk Kitaplığı Başbakanlık Devlet Arşivleri Genel Müdürlüğü Osmanlı Arşivi Milli Kütüphane 17 1 1890 2005 19 98-9, 1989, 40-82 2 1890 39-2, 2001[2002], 55-78 1890 40-1, 2002, 77-105, do, Relations between Japan and the Ottoman Empire in the 19th Century : Japanese Public Opinion about the Disaster of the Ottoman Battleship Ertuğrul (1890), 18-2, 2003, pp.9-19 2003 -a, - 19, 2003, 38-47 2003 -b 1890 92 41-1, 2003, 57-91 2003 -c 1890 162

1893 41-2, 2004, 109-146 2004 -a 8, 28-32, 2004 2004 -b 1890 42-1, 2004, 95-128 2004 -c 1890 42-2 2004[2005], 121-164 2004[2005] 1890 3 2001[2002] 57-8 4 2002 5 1982 2002 6 86 1890 1-22, 1890 23 74-86 7 1879 12 1895 28 1938 13 1952 27 1931 151, 178 8 1 11 21 11 1 12 1 11 21 560 9 51, 53 1990 104-5 69 11 1 564 566 69 495 497 1890 563 494 31 500 10 27 1890 1 580,560 22 24 10 11 87 1890 556-8 12 2748 1890 23 16 13 2773 1890 23 10 2776 1890 23 13 14 163

43-2 2005 15 5286 1890 23 7 20 2721 1890 23 7 20 16 4702 1890 23 7 21 17 2722 1890 23 7 21 18 2723 1890 23 7 22 19 5288 1890 23 7 22 20 4704 1890 23 7 23 21 1693 1890 23 7 26 22 1138 1890 23 7 26 23 2727 1890 23 7 26 24 2728-9 1890 23 7 27-8 5628 1890 23 7 27 86 1890 1-22 25 1695 1890 23 7 26 22 5892 1890 23 7 24 26 2306 1890 23 7 30 27 4752 1890 23 28 1698 1890 23 7 30 164

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Abstract Japanese official medical care system in the Meiji Era and the Ottoman Battleship Ertuğrul : The case study about the medical care for foreigners infected with cholera (1890) Nobuo MISAWA The tragic shipwreck of the Ottoman Battleship Ertuğrul on September 16, 1890 off Oshima Island showed the functions of the Japanese official medical care system in the Meiji Era. The Japanese Red Cross showed its ability to cope with the first largescale domestic disaster with many foreign victims. Before this tragedy, Ertuğrul had a cholera breakout (18 July-20 August 1890) during her official visit to Japan. The Kanagawa Prefecture Office and the Ministry of Home Affairs swiftly offered official medical care. The officers and doctors invited the Ertuğrul to the nearest quarantine center at Nagaura between Yokohama and Yokosuka. The crew members infected with cholera were isolated in the quarantine center hospital and given medical treatment. The quarantine officers decontaminated the ship and crew three times. The third cleanup was such a large scale that it was the first case in Japan that required special permission from the Ministry of Home Affairs. The medical treatment and cleanup cost a great deal of money. Yet, the Japanese government did not make a claim against the Ottoman Empire. Many Japanese newspapers pointed out the risk of burial at sea of dead crew members infected with cholera near Tokyo Bay. However, after the official report of the respected Dr. Nakahama asserting there was no risk involved with burial at sea, few newspapers and people persisted with their concern over the risk. Public opinion indicated little sympathy and exhibited indifference toward the Ottoman Empire. 171