Kyushu Communication Studies, Vol. 6, 2008, pp. 1-22 2008 Public, Private and Territory: Analysis on Family and House HIRANO Junya Kumamoto University MATSUMOTO Tomoko Graduate Student, Kyushu University Abstract: After witnessing tragic incidents by children taking place in their own private rooms, many studies investigate the relationship between housing structures and their affects on children. Other studies also aim to discover the causality between social withdrawal and private rooms. However, these studies tend to examine only the surface of the problem. In contrast, the present study investigates the transformative process from private sphere to territorial sphere by analyzing changes in structures of houses and notions of families in Japan. The first part of this paper explains how a house, a gathering place for family members, has become a sort of shelter, providing each family member with their own private room. In this new type of house, family as the smallest societal group is no longer important because each member has access to the society without directly interacting with others. The second portion describes how the notions of family have been changed and asserts that the relational process, Society-Family-Individual is replaced with another one, Society-Individual, due to the disappearance of the traditional family structure. The third section discusses the relationship between public and private. Since the relationship is reciprocal, when one side disappears, another one collapses, meaning that if family (private) does not function well anymore, it damages society (public). This study argues that the private sphere has become a place of privacy territorial sphere where one must protect oneself from others. In this case, the other is not someone to be welcomed but a possible 1
invader. This also transforms the public, a political sphere in the Aristotelian sense, into a mere gathering place, where people come together just as other animals do. Aristotle defines humans as political animals. Without political characteristics, humans only behave like animals. To some extent, the loss of human political aspects is caused by the disappearance of family. 1968/1980 p. 22 Hall 1966/1969 proxemics 2000a 2000b 1997 2007 2007 1989 3 1989 12 1997 5 2000 1 1990 1998 1997 2000 2002 2004 2
2000 media medium p. 88 Always 3 5 3
40 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 420 10 2001 6) 7) 2000 51C 1951 8) 51C A 16 B 14 C 12 51C 9) 51C 1942 10) 51C 51C nldk 11) 51C 51C nldk 51C 1960 4
nldk 2006 nldk 12) 51C nldk 1989 p.237 (1970) pp. 114-115 2006a p. 67 nldk 1885/1979 p. 22 5
1970 p. 115 2006 1968/1980 2007 2005 LDK p. 208 p. 210 1997 individual room individual living unit p. 112 2001 1970 6
pp. 162-163 1992 1995 2002 p. 166 2004 LDK 2006 117 2006 2000 001 2000 p. 20 2006 7
p. 56 001 2006 p. 150 2006a 51C 001 13) 002 3 30 2003 8
p. 57 14) 1970 2004 p. 168 1967 p. 25 1994 9
1968 9 30 5 35 4.5 40 4.08 5 4 1 1880 50 10 1963 1.16 1993 0.63 15) 2002 1997 10
p. 24 1995 nldk n 2002 n 1 LDK n 1 LDK Hall 1966/1969 16) sliding panels p. 151 Hall 17) 11
1987 10 p. 101 1988 18) 1994 p. 223 1967 1968 Hall Hall 1987/1990 1997 19) nldk 12
2004 p. 64 1992 2004 p. 6 private privacy prive privare 20) Privare privation Private privatus 13
Private privatues publicus public 2004 Arendt 1958/1998 Arendt Arendt 2001 Arendt 2001 p. 113 p. 113 14
Arendt 1958/1998 Arendt Hall (1966/1969) Hall 1992 15
2007 19 right to private property 1890 right to be left alone 21) p. 81 1983 22) Arendt 1958/1998 1997 p. 14 16
1992 2007 2006 505 1300 5 1 p. 49 23) PTA 17
nldk 2002 p. 169 2002 p. 169 1975/1977 1989 18
p. 110 Hall 1966/1969 1) 1994 pp. 60-61 2) 1995 pp. 33-34 3) p. 35 4) 2004 p. 174 5) 1995 p. 35 6) 2001 p. 120 7) 2004 p. 164 8) 51C 1995 p. 35 19
9) 2006 10) 2003 11) 3LDK 1995 p. 35 12) 1989 13) 2007 14) 1987 2004 15) 1995 p. 30 16) Hall To us the walls of a house are fixed. In Japan they are semifixed. The walls are movable and rooms are multipurpose. pp. 150-151 17) 2006 18) 2004 19) 2006b 20) 2007 21) 2000 p. 13 22) 2000 23) 2003 20
1998 2001 2007 2004 1968 pp. 89-118 2000 F < pp. 85-112 2000a 41 122 2000b 11(3) 212-222 1994 2002 2001 pp. 158-163 2005 2001 pp. 120-126 2003 1987 1 2007 613 127-134 2004 TOTO 1987 1997 1995 50 1992 2003 OK OK 1970 2000 2006 C 2004 51C 1997 21
499 89-96 2007 30 2007 1990 1967 1970 2007 2000 2006 NTT 1989 1989 pp. 7-24 M. 1977 1975 1997 2000 (2003) 2002 pp. 320-338 2004 51C 51C pp. 161-173 J. 1980 1968 2006 607 49-55 1968 pp. 29-65 2004 E. S. 1979 1885 2004 2006a 2006b 1994 PHP Arendt, H. (1998). The human condition. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press. (Original work published 1958) Hall, T. E. (1969) The hidden dimension. New York: Anchor Books. (Original Published 1966) Hall, T. E., & Hall, M. R. (1990). Hidden difference s: Doing business with the Japanese. New York: Anchor Books. (Original Published 1987) 22