2009 12 18 (15 00 17 00) CPRC 19 1 19 15 19 21 1
2 21 4 500 2
3 19 19 19 20 21 500 500 19 20 3 4
2001 10 2009 96 107 81 1900 1889 1890 1947 1950 1950 60 10 20 1990 1989 1993 2005 2007 2008 4
5 11 5 ---- ----19 1840 1842 19 5
19 1938 1602 6
7 10 15 16 14 15 16 1938 1602 ( ) 10 15 16 ( ) 14 15 16 6
8 1 1600 7
1602 1602 2 1600 1602 9
10 1088 Corpus Iuris Civilis 8 1088 11 1200 1 (universitas) (universitas) 1219 1222 1231 3 universitas(corporation) 9
11 12 11 1219 1222 13 1231 11
12 13 13 14 Universitas persona ficta 1245-1254 13 14 10 800 10 11 ( ) 1077 7 4 cf., 1122 11
800 10 11 1077 1073 1122 13
9 : 9 1066 12 1066 14
15 (fair ) 13
16 15 16 18 ----15 18 by-laws) 14
by-laws) by-laws by-laws by-laws ( ) ( ) Regulated company freemen general court ( ) 1 governor 1 deputy-governor 2 assistants 12 24 15 17
12 24 12 12 12 24 12 12 Joint stock company 16 16 regulation company stock joint company 16 18
17 A A17 X 1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 17 18 masters Contract for service B servant B master Contract of service servants 18 19
1600 1600 15 1602 3 -- 19 15 1602 3 20
1606 1 2 (1606 ) 1607 1606 1620 ----body politick 1686 1629 20 1620 21
1686 1629 21 1634 22
23 1776 13 13 (1776 ) 13 state state state ---- 22
1818 1842 13 by-laws = town laws governor = by-laws ( ) 23 24
17 2009 1776 1789 1889 1946 24 25
---- 25 (1776 ) 1776 26 18 1773 26
27 1786 1787 20 27
2 20 28 29 28
1811 1837 1846 (1847 ) (1849 ) (1851 (1852 ) 30 1720 31 29
1844 1855 1856 20 1867 19 ( ) 32 30
31 1870 1877 1886 33
1890 1890 1880 1880 1881 The Story of a Great Monopoly (1881 ) ( ) 1888 1890 ( ) 19 34 1888 32
33 1890 1890 1895 95 1889 1890 ( ) 1890 1895 ( ) 95 35 1890 1889 20 ( ) 36
20 (1901 1909 Trust busting) 1901 1909 1903 ( ) 1904 (5 4) (190 1913 1911 ( ) 37 1904 1911 34
35 1914 NIRA 1938 4 29 (1913 1921 1914 (1936 1976 ) 3 FTC 38 1933 1933 6 NIRA 2 1935 (Schechter Poultry Corp. v. US) etc 1938 4 29 39
36 19 20 1914 FTC) 40 ---- ( ) 1933 ---- 1934 ---- 2 1935 NIRA 1938 ( ) 41
1933 1934 1933 1934 NIRA NIRA 1938 NASD NASDAQ 19 20 19 20 19 42 19 37
38 19 20 20 21 1957 90 1990 2 1947 1957 EC 1957 ( EU) 1990 1990 43 1 44
10 ( 1) 39
( ) ( 2) 25 25 40
( ) 19 19 41