Addressing Environmental Risks in Central Asia: Risk - Policies - Capacities

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56ｦ00209 0600apple000009000ｸ800 03apple04 0007060309, 0807apple0708 0000000ｸ800 6 50ｸ80607010706 0802070300070603000ｸ9 006ｦ0060002000009fl, 0ｹ10107000703090ｹ00006010903 06086ｦ0 0703, 060009080000090003 04apple076 500fl 0809090009 09 6 50ｸ80607010903 04apple076 5000003 0009apple6ｦ0 0703090ｷ30ｸ8. 056ｦ00200000006040000 07 070603apple00-000900 060807apple076 5 07 09060807020009076 56ｦ0000909 6 507 0ｸ8 09 090003000200000ｸ803 046 707 0906 03076 70209 0600apple0000090007 08076 50ｸ806090300 046 7apple070904 070301apple0ｸ803076 707 01070002-020901036ｦ0. ｨｨ07 apple0009040200036ｦ0036ｦ003 070807020009-03000200000ｸ803 0800apple006 7076 507apple076 5 10 06000003fl applefl 2002 6 7. ｨｨapple000909 000003 016ｦ0096ｦ00306036ｦ0006ｦ0 0404apple060402036ｦ000 046ｦ0096ｦ0apple 6ｦ0006 5 09 ｨｨapple000909 000003 ｨｬ09 00010906036ｦ0006ｦ0 ｨ 06026ｦ003 016ｦ0apple0903076 5 006ｦ0010700000ｷ3 070603096 70209 06076 7026ｦ00609fl 6 5 apple000400000909 0ｹ103076 707 060807apple6ｦ0 09 0807 0809066ｦ00209 06076 7026ｦ00400000900, 06076 7026ｦ0060007 01070307apple070304 0807 08apple09000ｷ3090804 0ｹ10300090ｹ0000601076 707 07020004090006036 56ｦ0 016ｦ008 076 707 006ｦ0060002000000076 707 08040001036ｦ0 036ｦ06 70ｸ806 09 02apple006ｦ0066ｦ006 0703000706fl0306fl 01 0300appleapple090307apple0909 016ｦ0096ｦ00306036ｦ0006ｦ0, 6ｦ0 04066ｦ000 ｨC 01 0300appleapple090307apple0909 ｨｬ09 00010906036ｦ0006ｦ0. 0501020ｸ90ｹ000000900 02apple006ｦ0066ｦ0fl 6 5 060706036ｦ06 5 016ｦ0096ｦ00306036ｦ0006ｦ0 0903000207 01020ｸ90ｹ000-6 50700 09006ｦ00ｹ000000900 02fl 08apple6ｦ06 5090300020006036 56ｦ0 0ｹ1030706 0603apple6ｦ0000ｸ8, 080706010702000104 03000603000700 6 507 0703apple6ｦ0000902090ｸ700 fl6 502fl000306fl 090603070ｹ0-0009010703 6 507 0ｸ8. ｨ 0603070ｹ0000901: ICGa 2002; Eurasianet 2002a, Eurasianet 2002b

9 6 76ｦ0096ｦ0 09 000001070307apple0ｸ803 6 509 076 5 08apple07030ｸ804020000000706 08apple07 04010ｷ30909 (ADB 2002a: 111). ｨｺ070603 0505ｨｨ 070603096 7 13,2% 6 5 2001 6 7. 0807 06apple6ｦ06 5000000090ｸ9 06 9,8% 6 5 20006 7., 09000202fl0ｷ309fl 060701apple6ｦ00309026ｦ00600 07 8,5% (ibid). 05 2000 6 7. 0807 06apple6ｦ06 5000000090ｸ9 06 08apple00 0ｸ8 040ｸ70903 6 707 0703 apple006ｦ00200000ｸ806 0505ｨｨ 006ｦ0 040404 006ｦ0060002000009fl (0807 086ｦ0apple0903000304 08070104086ｦ00300020006010706 0608070607 0007060309) 08076 50ｸ806090206fl 08070ｹ00309 006ｦ0 $ 900 09 060706036ｦ06 50902 $ 5871 (UNICEF 2002). ｨｨ07 6ｦ000000ｸ803 Swisspeace, 70016ｦ0096ｦ00306036ｦ000 ｨC 00 090006036 50000000700 6 7070604-6ｦ0apple06036 507 6 5 09000003apple6ｦ00200000706 02090909, 0ｹ10107000703090ｹ00006010906 apple070603 6 5 01070307apple0703 060708apple076 50708 6ｦ0000306fl 0800apple00apple6ｦ00608apple00 00020000090003 076 76ｦ00306036 56ｦ0 06apple00 09 006ｦ0060002000009fl ｱ (Swisspeace 2003a: 3). ｨｬ 000200000ｸ806 070307 6 5 2001 6 7. 6 50ｸ8apple0706 07020000 0ｹ00003 006ｦ0 10% 0807 06apple6ｦ06 5000000090ｸ9 06 2000 6 7., 0ｹ00307 6 5 apple006ｦ00200000703 6 50ｸ8apple6ｦ00800000909 0709006ｦ0-0ｹ06ｦ00003 apple070603 06apple00 0000030006fl0ｹ0000706 096ｦ0apple6ｦ0 0703000706 08026ｦ0030ｸ8 006ｦ0 9,5% (ADB 2002a: 111). ｨｨ07 06apple6ｦ06 5000000090ｸ9 06 2000 6 7. 04apple076 5000000 0009apple6ｦ0 0703090ｷ30ｸ8 06000909090206fl 006ｦ0 2,4% 09 060706036ｦ06 50902 10,4%; 08apple09 0ｹ1030703 006ｦ009 07020000 04fl096 509030ｸ80309 6 7apple0408086ｦ00309 fl6 502fl0ｸ90306fl 0800000ｸ709000ｸ8 09 03070207 000800. ｨｴ0309 030000 00000ｷ30909 07 040602076 5090209 0600090800000900 6 5 2001 6 7. 010702090ｹ00006036 56ｦ0 006ｦ0060002000009fl 06 070307 0703 00090800 03090009036ｦ0020000076 707 08apple07080903070ｹ000076 707 04apple076 500fl (01070307apple0ｸ806 6 5 016ｦ0096ｦ00306036ｦ00000 060706036ｦ06 502fl0003 4637 030ｹ1006 700, 090209 $31, 6 5 030006fl0ｷ3) 006ｦ0 3,8% 0807 06apple6ｦ06 5000000090ｸ9 06 08apple00 0ｸ8 040ｸ70903 6 707 0703 (World Bank 2001a). 040006030703applefl 006ｦ0 0ｹ10307, 6ｦ000006ｦ0fl 6 7apple0408086ｦ0 060706036ｦ06 502fl0003 07020000 0ｹ000036 500apple0309 6 506006 707 006ｦ0060002000009fl 0603apple6ｦ0000ｸ8. ｨｨ07 06apple6ｦ06 5000000090ｸ9 06 apple046 7090309 0603apple6ｦ0006ｦ00309 09000003apple6ｦ00200000706 02090909 016ｦ0096ｦ00306036ｦ000 0903000003 07 0900 0909 066ｦ0030ｸ803 000909010903 04apple076 5000006 00 0007060309 (UNICEF 2002). 050300060300 06 030003, 08070207080903000200000ｸ800 030000 00000ｷ30909 6 5 0ｹ101070007-03090100 0807016ｦ0 0000 08apple096 5000209 6 5 080702000706 0300apple00 01 0402040ｹ0040000090ｸ9 060903046ｦ00ｷ30909 6 5 07 026ｦ0060309 09 07apple076 500fl 006ｦ0060002000009fl. ｨｦ 0ｸ70906 04apple076 5000000 09 07apple076 500fl 006ｦ0060002000009fl 040304 046ｦ0000306fl, 0ｸ80603apple0700 apple6ｦ00608apple070603apple6ｦ00000000900 080702040ｹ06ｦ00003 05ｨ ｨｮ/05ｨｨｨ 05 (ibid.). ｨｨapple07 0702-0809030002000007060300 0809090009 6 5 0603apple6ｦ00000 04086ｦ0026ｦ0 06 67,6 020003 6 5 1997 6 7. 07 64,6 6 5 2000 6 7., 0ｹ00307 fl6 502fl000306fl 066ｦ0030ｸ803 000909010903 0807016ｦ0096ｦ0-0300020003 0909 6 5060003 0603apple6ｦ000 09000003apple6ｦ00200000706 02090909 (ibid.). 040006-030703applefl 006ｦ0 036ｦ0010900 030000 00000ｷ30909, 6 7070604 6ｦ0apple06036 50000000ｸ800 apple6ｦ0060307-0ｸ8 6 5 07 026ｦ0060309 09 apple6ｦ06 5070703apple6ｦ000000009fl 060706036ｦ06 5090209 6 5 2000 6 7. 6 506006 707 1,9% 0703 0505ｨｨ, 0ｹ00307 006ｦ0 0,2% 00090800, 0ｹ00003 6 5 08apple00 0ｸ8-040ｸ70003 6 707 04, 000006030703applefl 006ｦ0 0ｹ10107000703090ｹ00006010906 apple070603 (ibid.). 040001070307apple0ｸ800 06070ｷ3096ｦ00200000ｸ800 08apple07 0200030ｸ8, 6 5 030703 0ｹ009060200 apple6ｦ00608apple070603apple6ｦ00000000900 05ｨ ｨｮ/05ｨｨｨ 05, 07020000 070ｹ0006 509 000ｸ8 6 5 016ｦ0096ｦ00306036ｦ00000, 0ｹ00003 6 5 apple046 70903 0603apple6ｦ0006ｦ003 apple006 70907006ｦ0, 080706010702000104 030702000107 016ｦ0096ｦ00306036ｦ000 08apple0909006ｦ00003, 0ｹ00307 05ｨｨｨ 05 fl6 502fl000306fl 046 7apple07090706 006ｦ00ｷ30907006ｦ0020000076 707 036ｦ00604036ｦ0 6ｦ0 (Eurasianet 2003). ｨｬapple076 5000000 07 apple6ｦ009076 56ｦ00009fl 006ｦ0060002000009fl 0603apple6ｦ0000ｸ8 036ｦ0apple6ｦ0010300apple090904000306fl 07020000 08070207080903000200000ｸ80309 0ｷ30902apple6ｦ00309: 06030008000000 6 7apple6ｦ00307030007060309 6 509apple070602076 707 006ｦ0060002000009fl 070603096 7026ｦ0 98,5% 6 5 1998 6 7.; 006ｦ0 6 50ｸ80607010703 04apple076 50000 006ｦ00307 fl0306fl 036ｦ0010800 04apple076 50009 0800apple6 5090ｹ000076 707 07 apple6ｦ009076 56ｦ00009fl 06apple00 09 00030006 07 070903 080702076 5 (UNICEF 2002). ｨｨapple6ｦ06 5090300020006036 507 0300apple08090307 0703000706090306fl 01 6 7apple6ｦ008 6ｦ000-0601070304 07 0ｸ70006036 504 09 000008apple6ｦ06 5090300020006036 50000000ｸ803 07apple6 76ｦ00009-096ｦ00ｷ309fl03 (04ｨｨｨｦ). ｨ 03 040ｹ06ｦ006030900 6 5 07 0ｸ70006036 50000000706 0809090009 apple006 7040209apple04000306fl ｨ 6ｦ00107000703 07 04ｨｨｨｦ 1996 6 7. 05 1997 6 7. 6 5 0202036ｦ0-020300 0ｸ802 08apple076 500 0000 0207apple0403 04ｨｨｨｦ; 0807 6ｦ000000ｸ803 006ｦ0 2000 6 7. 6 5 0603apple6ｦ00000 6ｦ00103096 50007 000606036 5040003 300 04ｨｨｨｦ (UN ECE 2000a: 17). 05 016ｦ0096ｦ00306036ｦ00000 apple6ｦ0096 5096 56ｦ00ｸ90306fl 0603apple04010304apple000ｸ800 08apple00 0807060ｸ8020109 02fl 0807020903090ｹ0000601076 707 08020ｸ9apple6ｦ0020909036ｦ0. 05 6 50ｸ8 07apple6ｦ003 6 5 086ｦ0apple026ｦ003000003 10 070103fl applefl 1999 6 7. 040ｹ06ｦ006036 5076 56ｦ00209 08apple00 06036ｦ06 50903000209 10 096ｦ0apple006 7090603apple09apple076 56ｦ000000ｸ803 0807020903090ｹ00006010903 086ｦ0apple030906. ｨｦ 006ｦ00107 0402040ｹ00400000900 08apple6ｦ06 5076 50706 09 096ｦ001070007 6ｦ003000200-000706 06apple00 0ｸ8 0ｸ80207 06040ｸ70006036 500000007 0807 07apple6 56ｦ00007 0000096ｦ0010700000ｸ803 6 50300046ｦ00300020006036 50703 0906080702000903000200000706 6 5026ｦ0060309 6 5 08apple070ｷ3000606 6 50ｸ8 07apple076 5, 00000608apple6ｦ06 500 02096 50ｸ80309 03000307 6ｦ00309 6 500 000009fl 016ｦ003086ｦ0000906, 046 7apple07096ｦ00309 6 5 6ｦ0 apple0006 06apple00 06036 5 036ｦ00606076 50706 09000207apple036ｦ00ｷ30909, 096ｦ008046 7096 56ｦ000090003 0708080709090ｷ3090700000ｸ803 086ｦ0apple030906 09 016ｦ000 09 6ｦ003076 5, 6ｦ0 036ｦ0010800 0300076 7070ｹ00906020000000ｸ80309 006ｦ0apple0404000009fl0309 6 507 6 5apple0003fl 0807 060ｹ000036ｦ0 6 707020706076 5 09 0807 6 500 000009fl 0903076 7076 5 6 707020706076 56ｦ00009fl (OSCE/ ODIHR 1999: 3). 0400036 56ｦ003016ｦ0 040609020906 0909 09apple6ｦ003000200000ｸ803 0107030906060906 09 0604 076 5 0807 apple6ｦ00606030703apple0000090ｸ9 0602040ｹ06ｦ0006 5 006ｦ0apple040400000906 060204086ｦ003 000ｸ700 07 000903 0807 036 500apple08 00-00090003 0000 0706036ｦ003070ｹ00007 apple6ｦ0096 509030706 00030701apple6ｦ003090ｹ00006010706 010402000304apple0ｸ8. ｨｦ0ｷ30000016ｦ0 066 507 07 6 5 016ｦ0096ｦ00306036ｦ00000, 08apple076 500 0000006ｦ0fl Freedom House 02fl 0800apple0907 6ｦ0 1999ｨC 2000 6 76 7., 0607 00apple086ｦ0-026ｦ0 096ｦ001020ｸ90ｹ000000900, 0ｹ00307 0603apple6ｦ0006ｦ0 0000 0307080003 006ｦ0090ｸ86 56ｦ0030006fl 066 507 07 000706. ｨｪ6ｦ001, 06030008000000 0807020903090ｹ00006010903 08apple6ｦ06 5 0ｸ8026ｦ0 070ｷ3000000006ｦ0 006ｦ0 706 ｱ, 6ｦ0 6 7apple6ｦ008 6ｦ00006010903 066 507 07 ｨC 006ｦ0 705 ｱ 0807 06000309 6ｦ00200000706 04016ｦ00200, 6 7 00 707 ｱ 0709006ｦ00ｹ06ｦ00003 006ｦ0090300000004040ｸ9 06030008000000 066 507 07. ｨｴ0107000703090ｹ00006010906 apple070603 09 apple070603 0ｹ10107000703090ｹ0000601076 707 026ｦ06 7070607060307fl0009fl 0000 03076 70403 0107030800000609apple076 56ｦ00300 0409apple07010900 06070ｷ3096ｦ00200000ｸ800 08apple07 0200030ｸ8, 036ｦ0010900 016ｦ001 040304 0400000900 09 07apple076 500fl 006ｦ0060002000009fl 09 060701apple6ｦ00ｸ700000900 08apple07 07020809030002000007060309 0809090009, 0000 0706036ｦ003070ｹ0006ｦ0fl 06070ｷ3096ｦ00200006ｦ0fl 07 000608000ｹ000000007060300, 0107appleapple04080ｷ309fl, 08apple090300060000000900 0708080709090ｷ30909 09 06apple00 06036 5 036ｦ006-06076 50706 09000207apple036ｦ00ｷ30909. ｨｦ 0ｸ70000 040304 0400000900 0607060307fl0009fl 0701apple04086ｦ00ｸ90ｸ70006 06apple00 0ｸ8 000ｸ700 0702000400 0406046 704 02fl0003 06070ｷ3096ｦ00200-000ｸ800 08apple07 0200030ｸ8. 0400 026ｦ06 70708apple09fl03000ｸ800 06070ｷ3096ｦ002000007-0ｹ101070007-03090ｹ00006010900 040602076 509fl 6 5 06070ｹ000036ｦ0000909 06 6 50ｸ80607010706 060300080000000ｸ9 006ｦ06 7apple04090109 006ｦ0 0701apple04086ｦ00ｸ90ｸ7040ｸ9 06apple00 04 09 0000apple6ｦ0096 509030706 0ｹ1010702076 7090ｹ00006010706 080702090309010706 09 096ｦ001070007 6ｦ00300020006036 50703, 06070ｷ3096ｦ00200000ｸ80309 0807060200 06036 509fl0309 0209 00apple6ｦ00209096ｦ00ｷ30909 apple0ｸ800016ｦ0 09 08apple07 0702086ｦ00ｸ90ｸ7090306fl 08apple09030006000000090003 0807020903090ｹ00006010903 066 507 07 03076 70403 08apple096 500060309 01 000006036ｦ0 0902000007060309 09 006ｦ008applefl080000-0007060309 6 5 07 0ｸ70006036 500. ｨｨ0702090309016ｦ0, 040ｹ0apple0008 000009fl 09 0608070607 0007060309 05 0603apple6ｦ003006 7090ｹ00006010703 08026ｦ00000 000606036 50906 07 2030 6 7. 70ｨｦ01apple04086ｦ00ｸ90ｸ76ｦ0fl 06apple00 6ｦ0 09 08apple09apple07 000ｸ800 apple000604apple060ｸ8 ｱ 08apple6ｦ06 509-0300020006036 507 016ｦ0096ｦ00306036ｦ0006ｦ0 6 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13 000ｸ803 apple000207apple036ｦ003. 05006 707 00fl 08070207080903000200000ｸ800 030000 00000ｷ30909 6 5 036ｦ001apple070ｹ10107000703090ｹ00006010706 06036ｦ0 090209096ｦ00ｷ30909 08apple07 0702086ｦ00ｸ90306fl. 05 2001 6 7. apple070603 0505ｨｨ 060706036ｦ06 50902 5,3%, 6ｦ0 000800030006fl0ｹ0000ｸ806 apple070603 0900 0001066ｦ0 080703apple00 090300020006010903 0ｷ30000 06000909090206fl 06 18,7% 6 5 2000 6 7. 07 6,9% 6 5 2001 6 7. 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(UNICEF 2002). ｨｦ 006ｦ00107 0ｹ10107000703090ｹ00006010906 apple070603 06 00apple08096 56ｦ0000306fl 000909010706 060300080000000ｸ9 096 500apple06090209016ｦ00ｷ30909 09 096ｦ06 509060903070603000ｸ9 0ｹ101070007-03090109 0703 000006036ｦ0 090200000ｸ803 apple0ｸ80001076 5 09070207036ｦ0. 05 fl006 56ｦ0applefl 0807 06000003fl apple00 2002 6 7. 08apple07030ｸ804020000000700 08apple0709096 507 06036 507 060701apple6ｦ0-030902070600 006ｦ0 17,3%, 6 7026ｦ06 5000ｸ803 07 apple6ｦ0090703, 6 5060200 06036 50900 06086ｦ0 6ｦ0 6 5 6 707apple0007 07 0ｸ86 56ｦ00ｸ90ｸ70006 0703apple6ｦ0060209. ｨｦ 006ｦ0 030702000107 090702070307apple04 006ｦ0fl 046ｦ003036ｦ0 6 5 0104030307apple00 07 000608000ｹ0096 56ｦ00003 08apple090300apple0007 9% 0505ｨｨ (Community Business Forum Kyrgyzstan, 2003). 050ｸ80607010700 0000apple6ｦ06 5000006036 507 6 5 apple6ｦ00608apple00 000200000909 070307 076 5 0000 0807096 50702fl0003 07 0ｸ70903 08070207080903000200000ｸ803 036ｦ001apple07-0ｹ10107000703090ｹ00006010903 030000 00000ｷ309fl03 07 000608000ｹ0090300 apple070603 016ｦ00ｹ00006036 56ｦ0 0809090009 02fl 070200040006 0ｹ06ｦ0060309 006ｦ0060002000009fl. ｨｨ07 6ｦ000000ｸ803 0506000309apple00076 707 6ｦ000016ｦ0, 48% 6 506006 707 006ｦ0060002000009fl 0603apple6ｦ0000ｸ8 08apple0708096 56ｦ00003 096ｦ0 0ｹ000apple030706 00 0007060309 (World Bank 2001b). 046ｦ0090304 046ｦ0fl 060903046ｦ00ｷ309fl 0602070809026ｦ00600 6 5 070300070400000909 060002000601076 707 006ｦ0060002000009fl, 06apple00 09 01070307apple076 707 6 5 2001 6 7. 56,4% 08apple0708096 56ｦ00207 6 5 00 0007060309. 05 apple6ｦ00607006ｦ003 036ｦ0030100006ｦ0, 05086ｦ0026ｦ002-02 6ｦ0 6ｦ0, ｨｪ6ｦ0026ｦ0066ｦ0 09 046ｦ0apple0ｸ8006ｦ0 0ｹ1030703 0807016ｦ0096ｦ003000200 070307 0902 07 81,4% (ADB 2002b). 02090009036ｦ00200006ｦ0fl 096ｦ0apple6ｦ0 0703006ｦ0fl 08026ｦ0036ｦ0 060706036ｦ06 502fl0003 $2 6 5 000000, 6ｦ0 6 76ｦ002070809apple040ｸ90ｸ76ｦ0fl 6 7090800apple- 09000202fl0ｷ309fl 6 5 0800apple6 50ｸ806 0800apple0907 0807060200 07 apple0003000009fl 0000096ｦ06 509-06090307060309 0400090ｹ003070809026ｦ0 06 00apple0008000009fl 0300076 70903 0600030006, 06016ｦ00802096 56ｦ06 504090006fl 6 707 6ｦ00309. ｨｪ0702000107 096ｦ0 2000 6 7. 060307090307060300 0809090009 08076 50ｸ80609026ｦ00600 006ｦ0 17%, 6 5 0307 6 5apple0003fl 016ｦ001 0609060300036ｦ0 06070ｷ3096ｦ0020000076 707 07 000608000ｹ0000009fl 08apple6ｦ00103090ｹ000060109 apple6ｦ009apple040409026ｦ00600. 056ｦ00800 036ｦ0010900 6ｦ009076 50ｸ800 apple000604apple060ｸ8, 016ｦ001 6 76ｦ009 09 0ｹ102000103apple090ｹ00006036 507 06036ｦ000076 5fl0306fl 0000 0706030408000ｸ80309 02fl 6 50600 07020004006 707 010702090ｹ00006036 56ｦ0 0600030006 (ICG 2001: 14). ｨｪfl0800020700 apple0003fl 6 500000400006 707 07026 76ｦ0 ( 070603096 704006 707 130% 0703 0505ｨｨ 6 5 2001 6 7.) 09 06026ｦ0 0ｸ806 6ｦ00001076 506010906 0600010307apple 08apple00 06036ｦ06 502fl0ｸ903 046 7apple070904 02fl 0406080004000706 0ｹ10107000703090ｹ00006010706 09 0807020903090ｹ00006010706 apple000207apple030ｸ8. ｨ 00 000106 apple6ｦ0096 5090309fl 0ｹ00002076 500016ｦ0 0706036ｦ06 56ｦ00206fl 06036ｦ0 090200000ｸ803 6 5 03000ｹ000000900 0807060200 000903 0ｹ000030ｸ8apple0003 020003, 09 02090400 000009006ｦ00ｹ009-030002000007 08076 50ｸ806090206fl 6 5 2000 6 7. 05 0307 0800 6 5apple0003fl, 00 0007060300 09 036ｦ0apple6 709006ｦ00209096ｦ00ｷ309fl 6 50709030708000706030006 apple6ｦ0096 5090309fl 08apple00-06036ｦ06 502fl0ｸ903 070607 00000007 0600apple00000900040ｸ9 046 7apple070904 06036ｦ0 0902000007060309 02fl 0ｸ908000ｸ803 apple006 7090700076 5, 6 5 01070307apple0ｸ803 09090702fl0ｷ309fl, 08076 7apple6ｦ000090ｹ0-000ｸ800 060807apple0ｸ8, 070306040306036 50900 09006 5000603090ｷ30906 09 0ｹ10300090ｹ00006010900 03apple000009fl 08apple07 0702086ｦ00ｸ903 0706036ｦ06 56ｦ0030006fl 6ｦ00103046ｦ00200000ｸ80309. ｨｨapple076 7000709 0009apple6ｦ0 0703090ｷ30ｸ8 006ｦ0 2000 6 7. 060706036ｦ06 502fl02 7,5%, 07 006ｦ00107 apple006ｦ00200000ｸ806 04apple076 5000000 0009apple6ｦ0 0703090ｷ30ｸ8 09006ｦ00ｹ009030002000007 6 50ｸ80400, 0ｹ00307 07 ｨBfl0600fl000306fl 0601apple0ｸ8030706 0009apple6ｦ0 0703090ｷ30006, 070607 00000007 06apple00 09 03070207 076 707 0807010702000009fl. (ADB 2002a: 115). ｨｺ070603 0009apple6ｦ0 0703090ｷ30ｸ8, 04 07apple07086ｦ0000900 0809090009 09 070306040306036 50900 08076 50ｸ804000009fl 096ｦ0apple6ｦ0 0703000706 08026ｦ0030ｸ8 06036ｦ00209 08apple090ｹ009006ｦ00309 000009006ｦ00ｹ00903000200000ｸ803 08apple0703000603076 5 006ｦ0060002000009fl 0309040100016ｦ0, 046ｦ0apple0ｸ8006ｦ0 09 05086ｦ0026ｦ002-02 6ｦ0 6ｦ0 6 5 2000 09 2001 6 76 7. (ICG 2001: iii). 000ｸ700 07 000706 046 7apple07090706 000907086ｦ0060007060309 fl6 502fl000306fl 036ｦ00606076 56ｦ0fl 03096 7apple6ｦ00ｷ309fl: 030ｸ806fl0ｹ009 0ｹ00002076 50001 08070109 6ｦ00ｸ903 070804060307040000000ｸ800 0ｸ908000ｸ800 apple6ｦ00607000ｸ8 0807 08apple090ｹ0090000 0403apple6ｦ0030ｸ8 080207 07apple07 000ｸ803 016ｦ00ｹ00006036 5 08070ｹ06 50ｸ8, 0009apple6ｦ0 0703090ｷ30ｸ8 09 00 0007060309. ｨｨ07 0300apple00 07030307016ｦ0 006ｦ0060002000009fl 0909 08apple096 7apple6ｦ000090ｹ0000ｸ803 apple6ｦ0060700076 5 09 apple0706036ｦ0 0ｹ10107000703090ｹ00006010706 036ｦ0apple6 709006ｦ00209096ｦ00ｷ30909 6 5 010ｸ8apple6 70ｸ80906036ｦ00000 09 07 00076 5apple0003000000076 707 04060902000009fl 6 50009036ｦ00009fl ｨｬ09 00010906036ｦ0006ｦ0 01 0ｹ1030903 08apple096 7apple6ｦ000090ｹ0000ｸ803 0300appleapple090307apple09fl03 016ｦ001 apple6ｦ00607006ｦ003 08apple09020708000009fl 070600076 5000ｸ803 09006 5000603090ｷ30906 0307080007 070809 6ｦ00300 6ｦ0020000000604006 707 07 070603apple000009fl apple6ｦ00900076 7026ｦ0060906 6 5 070300070400000909 0000apple00040000000ｸ803 08076 7apple6ｦ000090ｹ0000ｸ803 060807apple076 5 (Jumagulov 2003). 05 010ｸ8apple6 70ｸ80906036ｦ00000 0903000003 0300060307 06036ｦ000076 50200000900 6 7apple6ｦ008 6ｦ0000601076 707 07 0ｸ70006036 56ｦ0, 030703fl 0807 01026ｦ00606090209016ｦ00ｷ30909 Freedom House 6 7apple6ｦ008 6ｦ00006010900 066 507 07 0ｸ8 09 0807020903090ｹ00006010900 08apple6ｦ06 56ｦ0 01 2001 6 7. 08070300applefl0209 06036ｦ0030406 700ｹ06ｦ00603090ｹ00007 066 507 07 000ｸ803 ｱ 09 03000800apple00 0703000706fl0306fl 01 700000066 507 07 000ｸ803 ｱ (Freedom House 2002). ｨ 030003 0000 0300000000, 6 7apple0408080ｸ8 6 7apple6ｦ008 6ｦ0000601076 707 07 0ｸ70006036 56ｦ0 09 06apple00 06036 56ｦ0 036ｦ00606076 50706 09000207apple036ｦ00ｷ30909 07016ｦ0090ｸ86 56ｦ00ｸ903 6 50600 070200040000 6 50209fl000900 006ｦ0 0207apple0309apple076 56ｦ0000900 08apple6ｦ06 5090300020006036 50000000706 0807020903090109 09 apple6ｦ009apple6ｦ0 07030104 096ｦ001070007-6ｦ00300020006036 56ｦ0. ｨｨ6ｦ0apple026ｦ003000003 06036ｦ000076 5090306fl 6 50600 07020000 6ｦ00103096 5000ｸ803 09 0600apple000009000ｸ803 08apple0703096 5076 500060703 08apple6ｦ06 5090300020006036 504. 02000603000ｸ800 6 50ｸ8 07apple0ｸ8, 0607060307fl6 504090006fl 6 5 07020000 0ｹ00003 460 00apple006 500fl03 09 6 707apple07 6ｦ003 0603apple6ｦ0000ｸ8, 06036ｦ00209 0800apple6 50ｸ80309 08applefl030ｸ80309 03000603000ｸ80309 6 50ｸ8 07apple6ｦ00309 6 5 09000003apple6ｦ00200000706 02090909. ｨｦ 006ｦ00107 08apple000909 00000306010900 09 086ｦ0apple026ｦ00300000306010900 6 50ｸ8 07apple0ｸ8 2000 6 7. 0000 07036 5000ｹ06ｦ00209 030008 04006ｦ0apple07 000ｸ803 06036ｦ000 6ｦ0apple036ｦ003 0807 08apple090ｹ0090000 apple006 70402flapple000ｸ803 0807 apple0ｸ86 5076 5 6 50709030708000706030006 040ｹ06ｦ0060309fl 6 5 00076 50703 086ｦ0apple026ｦ00300000300 applefl 6ｦ0 0807020903090ｹ00006010903 086ｦ0apple030906 09 01070001apple0003000ｸ803 016ｦ000 09 6ｦ003076 5 (OSCE/ODIHR 2000a: 1). ｨｦ096ｦ0 070ｹ000000007060300 030008 04006ｦ0apple07 000ｸ803 0ｹ101060800apple03076 5 6 50ｸ8096 56ｦ002 09 0800apple6 50ｸ806 apple000200apple0000 0403, 01070307apple0ｸ806 0607060307fl0206fl 6 5 02006 5apple6ｦ00200 2003 6 7. ｨ 09030000000009fl, 6 50000060000000ｸ800 6 5 01070006030903040ｷ3090ｸ9, 08076 50ｸ806fl03 080702000703070ｹ009fl 08apple000909 0000036ｦ0 6 5 070300070400000909 086ｦ0apple026ｦ0030000036ｦ0, 09 036ｦ0010900 080708apple6ｦ06 50109 03076 70403 0600apple0000090007 076 7apple6ｦ000090ｹ0090300 08apple6ｦ06 56ｦ0 0ｹ00002076 500016ｦ0 (OSCE/ODIHR 2003: 1). ｨｦ 000608000ｹ000000900 6 7070604 6ｦ0apple06036 50703 6ｦ009076 50ｸ803 06070ｷ3096ｦ00200000ｸ803 040602046 7, 0903000ｸ90ｸ70903 01apple0903090ｹ00006010700 09006ｦ00ｹ000000900 02fl 080702040ｹ000-0009fl 0807 00apple080109 08apple076 507 09030ｸ803 apple000207apple03 0607 060307apple07000ｸ8 006ｦ0060002000009fl, 0807-08apple000800000304 0706040ｸ70006036 502fl000306fl 006ｦ0 0000 0706036ｦ0-03070ｹ0000703 04apple076 50000. 07070604 6ｦ0apple06036 50000000ｸ800 apple6ｦ0060307 0ｸ8 006ｦ0 09 apple6ｦ06 507-0703apple6ｦ00000000900 060701apple6ｦ0030902090600 06 3,4% 0703 0505ｨｨ 6 5 1992 6 7. 07 2,1% 6 5 1999 6 7. (UNICEF 2002). 03070200040700 010702090ｹ00006036 507 00 00076 707 006ｦ0060002000009fl 09 076 7apple6ｦ000090ｹ000000007060300 0800apple0608000103096 5 0ｹ10107000703090ｹ0000601076 707 apple0706036ｦ0 08apple07 0702086ｦ00ｸ903 07016ｦ0090ｸ86 56ｦ00300

14 6 50209fl000900 006ｦ0 07 0ｸ70000 0607060307fl000900 09 07apple076 500fl 006ｦ0060002000009fl 09 006ｦ0 020400010ｷ309070009apple076 56ｦ0000900 00076 50ｸ803 060906030003 0703apple6ｦ0000ｸ8 09 07apple076 500fl, 6ｦ0 036ｦ0010800 006ｦ0 070300070400000900 006ｦ0060002000009fl 01 apple000207apple036ｦ003. 040006030703applefl 006ｦ0 006ｦ00ｹ06ｦ00207 07 apple6ｦ009076 56ｦ003000200000706 apple000207apple030ｸ8, 0609060300036ｦ0 07 apple6ｦ009076 56ｦ00009fl 6 5 010ｸ8apple6 70ｸ80906036ｦ00000 080708apple000800000304 006ｦ00307 090306fl 6 5 04 apple040ｹ06ｦ00ｸ90ｸ70003 080702070800000909, 036ｦ0apple6ｦ0010300apple0909040ｸ90ｸ7000306fl 0000 0706036ｦ003010703 09006 5000603090ｷ30906 09 0000apple6ｦ00ｷ30907006ｦ00200000ｸ803 0408apple6ｦ06 5020000090003 (USAID 2003). 046ｦ0 02070000 06040ｸ70006036 5040ｸ90ｸ70903 09006ｦ00ｹ00903000200000ｸ803 0ｹ1010702076 7090ｹ00006010903 08apple07 020003 6 500apple07fl030007060300 0107000202090103076 5 08076 50ｸ8046ｦ0-000306fl 096ｦ0 060ｹ00003 06076 50300060300076 707 000606036 509fl 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56ｦ00007 ｨ 6ｦ00107000703 07 0703apple6ｦ00000 0701apple04086ｦ00ｸ90ｸ70006 06apple00 0ｸ8, 01070307apple0ｸ806 0607 00apple080903 096ｦ001070007-6ｦ003000200000ｸ800 0807020708000009fl 07 07 0ｸ70006036 50000000ｸ803 07 ｨB00 090000-0009fl03, 070603040800 01 08apple6ｦ06 5070604 090ｸ9, 0807 6ｦ00ｹ000 086ｦ00207 0807 6 50708apple07066ｦ003 0703apple6ｦ0000ｸ8 0701apple04086ｦ00ｸ90ｸ70006 06apple00 0ｸ8, 070603040800 01 09000207apple036ｦ00ｷ30909 09 040ｹ06ｦ00603090ｸ9 07 0ｸ70006036 500000007060309 6 5 08apple0900fl030909 apple000400000906. ｨｪ04apple010300000906036ｦ000 fl6 502fl000306fl 060307apple07000706 ｨｦapple030406-06010706 0107006 500000ｷ30909; 08apple09 0807 00apple080100 ｨｦ030500 0000 036ｦ001 6ｦ06 50007 0ｸ802 08apple076 500 0000 06076 503000603000ｸ806 06000309006ｦ0apple 06 08apple096 502000ｹ00000090003 03000603000ｸ803 0ｹ1010702076 7090ｹ00006010903 04ｨｨｨｦ 07 apple006ｦ00209096ｦ00ｷ30909 080702070800-000906 0107006 500000ｷ30909. 050300060300 06 030003, ｨｦ030ｹ00003 07 0607060307fl000909 0701apple04086ｦ00ｸ90ｸ70006 06apple00 0ｸ8 096ｦ0 1998 6 7. 0607 00apple080903 0408070309006ｦ0000900 6 506006 707 07 03apple0003 07 0ｸ70006036 50000000ｸ803 0ｹ1010702076 7090ｹ00006010903 07apple6 76ｦ00009096ｦ0-0ｷ309fl03: ｨｦ 0ｸ70006036 507 0703apple6ｦ0000ｸ8 08apple09apple07 0ｸ8 ｨｪ04apple010300000906036ｦ0006ｦ0, ｨｴ010702076 7090ｹ00006010906 010204 70016ｦ00300006ｦ0 ｱ 0909 0204036ｦ0 6ｦ0 6ｦ0 09 0ｹ1010702076 7090ｹ00006010906 010204 056ｦ00403076 504096ｦ0. 04000300apple08090307060300 6 7070604-6ｦ0apple06036 56ｦ0 01 07 0ｸ70006036 50000000ｸ803 07 ｨB00 0900000009fl03 08apple096 507 0903 01 03070304, 0ｹ00307 070600076 5000700 6 50009036ｦ0000900 04ｨｨｨｦ 04 0002fl000306fl 6 50708apple07066ｦ003, 0000 6 50ｸ8090ｸ86 56ｦ00ｸ90ｸ70903 08apple0703096 507apple000ｹ00906. ｨｦ 006ｦ00107 000001070307apple0ｸ803 07 0ｸ70006036 50000000ｸ803 07apple6 76ｦ00009096ｦ00ｷ309fl03, 006ｦ008apple090300apple, 6ｦ00606070ｷ3096ｦ00ｷ309fl03 6 507 070807020009076 56ｦ00300020006, 04 6ｦ0000306fl 06 0708apple00 00020000000ｸ803 04060800030703 apple00046ｦ00300 03000603000ｸ800 08apple07 0200030ｸ8. 05 1993ｨC1994 6 76 7. 06076 503000603000ｸ800 0406090209fl 03000603000ｸ803 7009000200000ｸ803 ｱ 09 030008 04006ｦ0apple07 000ｸ803 04ｨｨｨｦ 0807 08apple00 07036 5apple6ｦ00ｸ70000090ｸ9 07apple6 76ｦ0000909076 56ｦ00000076 707 apple6ｦ00107000000apple06036 56ｦ0 09006ｦ00ｹ0090300020000076 707 010702090ｹ00006036 56ｦ0 0703070300090ｹ0000903 09 apple00 010903 6 509 076 5 006ｦ0 070607 07 0703apple6ｦ000fl00030ｸ803 08apple09apple07 000ｸ803 0300appleapple090307apple09fl03 046 500000ｹ06ｦ002090600 04060800030703 (Watters 1999: 91).

6 ｨｬ09 00010906036ｦ000 25 ｨｬ09 00010906036ｦ000 apple6ｦ00608070207080000 6 5 066ｦ0030703 0600apple 0ｷ300 09000003apple6ｦ00200000706 02090909. ｨｦ00 700701apple04080000 ｱ 016ｦ0096ｦ00306036ｦ0000703, 010ｸ8apple6 70ｸ80906036ｦ0000703, ｨｪ6ｦ0 0809010906036ｦ0000703 09 ｨｪ04apple010300000906036ｦ0000703, 6ｦ0 036ｦ0010800 0903000003 07 0ｸ7040ｸ9 6 7apple6ｦ000090ｷ304 06 02026 76ｦ0000906036ｦ0000703 006ｦ0 0ｸ96 700. 05076 507010408006ｦ0fl 0802070ｸ76ｦ0 00 ｨｬ09 00010906036ｦ0006ｦ0 060706036ｦ06 502fl0003 066 50ｸ80400 477400 0103 2 09 6 501020ｸ90ｹ06ｦ00003 070200040700 apple6ｦ009000707 apple6ｦ0090900 026ｦ000 046ｦ00203076 5 ｨC 006ｦ00ｹ009006ｦ0fl 0607 060300080006 09 080406030ｸ8000006 006ｦ0 096ｦ0086ｦ0 00 09 096ｦ0016ｦ0000ｹ0096 56ｦ0fl 080207 07apple07 000ｸ80309 06000200060107030709fl0606036 50000000ｸ80309 046 707 00fl0309 6 5 6 707apple000ｸ803 apple6ｦ00607006ｦ003 006ｦ0 6 5070603070100. ｨｬ09 00010906036ｦ000 006ｦ0 00020000 0300076 70707 apple6ｦ009090003 apple000604apple06076 5, 6 501020ｸ90ｹ06ｦ0fl 08apple09apple07 000ｸ806 6 76ｦ009 09 0000020300, 090702070307 09 0600apple00 apple07. 0503apple6ｦ0006ｦ0 0903000003 066ｦ0030700 070200040700 010702090ｹ00006036 507 006ｦ0060002000009fl 6 5 09000003apple6ｦ00200000706 02090909: 08apple090300apple0007 25 03090202090700076 5 0ｹ00002076 50001. ｨｦ0600076 5006ｦ0fl 0ｹ06ｦ0060300 006ｦ0060002000009fl ｨC 0ｹ10300090ｹ00006010900 0409 000109. ｨｦ0600076 5000ｸ80309 0300000004090006036 56ｦ00309 0ｹ103076 707 0300076 707006ｦ00ｷ30907006ｦ0020000076 707 6 7070604 6ｦ0apple06036 56ｦ0 fl6 502fl0ｸ90306fl 016ｦ0096ｦ00309, 016ｦ0apple6ｦ0016ｦ002086ｦ00109, 036ｦ0 08090109 09 0304apple010300000ｸ8. 02apple6ｦ0020006010700 0307apple00 09 0600apple6 76ｦ00006016ｦ0fl 070209006ｦ0 ｨC 6 500 070600076 5000ｸ800 6 707applefl0ｹ00900 03070ｹ00109 0000 030702000107 ｨｬ09 00010906036ｦ0006ｦ0, 0007 09 6 5060006 09000003apple6ｦ00200000706 02090909. ｨｦ03060ｸ9 6ｦ0 09060307 fl03 070600076 5000ｸ800 046 7apple07090ｸ8 02fl apple6ｦ0096 5090309fl 0ｹ00002076 500016ｦ0 09 apple006 70907006ｦ00200000706 06036ｦ0 0902000007060309. ｨｴ010702076 7090ｹ00006010906 0603apple000606 08apple096 507 0903 01 06070ｷ3096ｦ0020000070304 09 0ｹ10107000703090ｹ0000601070304 01apple0909090604, 09 006ｦ007 07apple0703. 05 apple0009040200036ｦ00300 0903000003 0300060307 0807020903090ｹ00006016ｦ0fl 09 06070ｷ3096ｦ00200006ｦ0fl 006ｦ008applefl0800000007060300, 6ｦ0 0900076 7 6ｦ0 6ｦ00800 ｨC 09 070301apple0ｸ8030ｸ800 01070002020901030ｸ8, 016ｦ001 0ｹ10307 08apple0709060307 090207 6 5 0600apple6 76ｦ00006010706 0702090000. 050708apple07060ｸ8 010702090ｹ00006036 56ｦ0 09 016ｦ00ｹ00006036 56ｦ0 6 507 0ｸ8, 0ｹ10300090ｹ00006010900 03apple000009fl, 06026ｦ0 0ｸ800 0608070607 0007060309 6 7070604 6ｦ0apple06036 56ｦ0 09 0300 020000000ｸ800 0ｹ10107000703090ｹ00006010900 09 0603apple04010304apple000ｸ800 apple000207apple030ｸ8 6 50600 6 50300060300 00026ｦ00ｸ903 07086ｦ006000009fl 070300070609030002000007 000907086ｦ0060007060309 6 50600 07020000 6ｦ00103046ｦ00200000ｸ80309. ｨｴ010702076 7090ｹ00006010900 046 7apple07090ｸ8, 066 5fl096ｦ000000ｸ800 06 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5000ｸ803 07 apple6ｦ0090703 0703apple6ｦ0090902090600 006ｦ0 apple6ｦ0096 509030909 apple006 70907006ｦ0 09 6 5 0800apple6 5040ｸ9 070ｹ000apple00 00 ｨC 006ｦ0 0607060307fl000909 6ｦ06 50307000703000706 ｨｺ00060804 02090109 016ｦ0apple6ｦ0016ｦ002086ｦ001-06036ｦ000. 05apple00 09 006ｦ0 020ｸ9 6ｦ00ｸ90ｸ7090306fl 0ｹ1010702076 7090ｹ00006010903 0807060200 06036 50906 ｨC 060701apple6ｦ00ｸ700000900 07 ｨB00036ｦ0 6 507 0ｸ8 6 5 070900apple00 07020000 0ｹ00003 006ｦ0080702076 5090004, 080702006ｦ0fl 006 7apple6ｦ0 6ｦ00ｷ309fl 0000 0ｹ101070609060300030ｸ8 09 6 50ｸ80309apple6ｦ0000900 08apple6ｦ00103090ｹ000060109 6 5060006 apple0ｸ8 0ｸ8. ｨｦ080406030ｸ800096 56ｦ0000900 01apple0408000ｸ803 0300appleapple090307apple0906, 6 501020ｸ90ｹ06ｦ0fl 080706030ｸ8 020304 6ｦ0apple0009 09 050ｸ8apple 6ｦ0apple0009, 706 500 0003 01 09090300000000090ｸ9 apple006 70907006ｦ0020000076 707 010209036ｦ0036ｦ0 ｱ (UN ECE 2001: 64) 09 08apple006 5apple6ｦ00ｸ76ｦ00003 6 50600 6 5 0701apple046 700 070900apple6ｦ0 6 5 000908090900000000040ｸ9 080406030ｸ8000ｸ9. 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509fl 6 5070000000ｸ803 0906080ｸ8036ｦ0000906, 01070307apple0ｸ800 08apple076 507 0902090600 06076 5000306010903 02090009060300apple06036 50703 07 07apple07000ｸ8 006ｦ0 070603apple076 500 050709apple0708 00000900 (0603. 6 506036ｦ06 50104 6). ｨｦ0306040306036 50900 apple6ｦ0 070ｹ00903 03000603 09 07fl090000 096ｦ0 066 50700 09 07apple076 50000 096ｦ006036ｦ06 502fl0ｸ903 020ｸ9 0006 08070109 6ｦ00300 apple006 7090700 02apple6ｦ002000601076 707 0307applefl, 0107apple0000000ｸ803 07 apple6ｦ0090703 030000flfl 0401026ｦ0 0809090009 09 08apple096 507 fl 01 apple07060304 080207030007060309 006ｦ0060002000009fl 6 5 apple046 70903 apple6ｦ00607006ｦ003 0603apple6ｦ0000ｸ8. 010702090ｹ00006036 507 09 016ｦ00ｹ00006036 507 6 507 0ｸ8 ｨC 08apple07 0200030ｸ8, 0903000ｸ90ｸ70900 6ｦ00103046ｦ002000007060300 02fl 6 5060006 0603apple6ｦ0000ｸ8. 05 apple006ｦ002000007060309, 70 070200046ｦ0fl 0ｹ06ｦ0060300 6 507 07030701076 5 0603apple6ｦ0000ｸ8 096ｦ06 7applefl090000006ｦ0 0209 07 6 5 06apple00 000006, 0209 07 6 5 06090200000706 06030008000009 ｱ, 0ｹ00307 08apple00 06036ｦ06 502fl0003 0600apple00000900040ｸ9 046 7apple070904 02fl 09 07apple076 500fl 006ｦ0060002000009fl 09 apple6ｦ009apple04046ｦ00003 07apple07046ｦ000030ｸ800 0900030209 (ibid: 5). ｨｦ0600076 5000ｸ800 090603070ｹ000090109 096ｦ06 7applefl0900000009fl ｨC 0600020006010700 030709fl06-06036 507, 08apple07030ｸ8040200000007060300 09 006ｦ00600020000000ｸ800 08040001030ｸ8. ｨｺ6ｦ00608apple00 000200000900 060104 000ｸ803 096ｦ0086ｦ006076 5 6 507 0ｸ8 08apple096 507 0903 01 0800apple0907 090ｹ00006010903 03apple000009fl03 030008 04 ｨｬ09 00010906036ｦ0000703 09 apple6ｦ00608070207080000000ｸ80309 6 5 000908000003 03000ｹ000000909 06070600 00090309 0603apple6ｦ0006ｦ00309, 016ｦ001 6 5 08apple070ｹ00003 09 03000309 0603apple6ｦ0006ｦ00309, 01070307apple0ｸ800 apple6ｦ006080702070800000ｸ8 6 56 500apple03 0807 03000ｹ00000090ｸ9. ｨｴ0307 6 50ｸ8000408 6ｦ00003 08apple6ｦ06 5090300020006036 507 ｨｬ09 00010906036ｦ0006ｦ0 0600apple0000090007 060701apple6ｦ00ｸ76ｦ00300 0307apple6 7076 5020ｸ9 09 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26 0000096ｦ06 50906090307060309 ｨｬ09 00010906036ｦ000 08apple09026ｦ06 76ｦ00003 09006ｦ00ｹ00903000200000ｸ800 0406090209fl 02fl 096 500apple06090209016ｦ00ｷ30909 060002000601076 707 030709fl0606036 56ｦ0 09 06076 500apple04000006036 5076 56ｦ00009fl 03000307 076 5 07apple0704000009fl. ｨｦ 006ｦ00107 0ｹ10107000703090ｹ00006016ｦ0fl 09006ｦ00ｹ0090307060300 060002000601076 707 030709fl0606036 56ｦ0 09 apple6ｦ0060409apple00000900 0802070ｸ76ｦ0 09 086ｦ0030703000ｸ803 090003000200 08apple07 0702086ｦ00003 07016ｦ0090ｸ86 56ｦ00300 6 50600 07020000 0600apple00000900040ｸ9 0ｹ1010702076 7090ｹ0000601040ｸ9 006ｦ06 7apple04090104 006ｦ0 0ｹ101070609060300030ｸ8 09 08apple0708096 56ｦ00ｸ90ｸ70903 006ｦ0 000903 020ｸ9 0006. 05070ｷ3096ｦ002000007-0ｹ10107000703090ｹ00006010900 040602076 509fl 0500020006010700 030709fl0606036 507 0706036ｦ0000306fl 070600076 5000706 0703apple6ｦ00602000ｸ9 0ｹ10107000703090109 6 5 ｨｬ09 00010906036ｦ00000. 046ｦ0 00006 707 08apple090307 090306fl 30% 0505ｨｨ 09 40% 096ｦ000fl0307060309 006ｦ0060002000009fl (World Bank 2001e). 040006030703applefl 006ｦ0 08apple07 0702086ｦ00ｸ90ｸ7090006fl 096ｦ006040402096 50ｸ800 040602076 509fl, 06 07apple 04apple07086ｦ0fl 03020708016ｦ0 6 5 2001 6 7. 046 50002090ｹ0090206fl 006ｦ0 10%, 6ｦ0 030003080ｸ8 apple0706036ｦ0 08apple07030ｸ80402000000076 707 08apple0709096 507 06036 56ｦ0 6 50709apple07060209 06 5,8% 6 5 2000 6 7. 07 8,1% 6 5 2001 6 7. (ADB 2002a: 124). ｨｺ006ｦ00200000ｸ806 0505ｨｨ 006ｦ0 040404 006ｦ0060002000009fl (0807 086ｦ0apple0903000304 08070104086ｦ00300020006010706 0608070607 0007060309) 070603096 7 $2441 6 5 2000 6 7.; 0008006 707 000ｸ806 apple070603 0ｹ103076 707 0807016ｦ0096ｦ0030002fl 6 5 2000 09 1999 6 76 7. 060706036ｦ06 502fl02 08070ｹ00309 $ 200. 00060209 6 5 0600010307apple00 040602046 7 apple6ｦ0060409apple00-000900 030002010903 0ｹ06ｦ00603000ｸ803 08apple00 08apple09fl030906 07 040602076 5090207 apple070603 6 5 07 ｨB000300 14,2% 6 5 2001 6 7. (ibid.), 0307 6 5 0ｷ300020703 0ｹ1010700070309016ｦ0 ｨｬ09 00010906036ｦ0006ｦ0 08apple07 0702086ｦ00003 0706036ｦ06 56ｦ0030006fl 0807 01070003apple07020003 6 7070604 6ｦ0apple06036 56ｦ0, 0ｹ00307 06036ｦ00207 070ｹ0006 509 0007 006ｦ0 08apple090300apple00 09060807020009076 56ｦ00009fl apple0008apple000606096 5000ｸ803 0300apple 08apple0703096 5 09030807apple036ｦ0 applefl 6ｦ0 080703apple00 090300020006010903 03076 56ｦ0apple076 5, 0ｷ300000ｸ8 006ｦ0 01070307apple0ｸ800 060009090902090600 6 5 06070600 000903 6 7070604 6ｦ0apple06036 56ｦ003 (Swisspeace 2003b: 3). 050307090307060300 03000603000ｸ803 08apple07 076 507020006036 50000000ｸ803 08apple07 040103076 5 0ｹ06ｦ0060307 00026ｦ00003 0903 0000 0706030408000ｸ80309 02fl 006ｦ0060002000009fl (ibid.) 0807 08apple090ｹ0090000 000909010903 070307 076 5 09 apple0706036ｦ0 0900 0001066ｦ0 080703apple00 090300020006010903 0ｷ30000, 01070307apple0ｸ806 6 5 2001 6 7. 060706036ｦ06 50902 26,6% (ADB 2002a: 124). 05076 7026ｦ0060007 0702090ｷ3096ｦ00200000ｸ803 06036ｦ003090603090ｹ00006010903 6ｦ000000ｸ803, 04apple076 5000000 0009apple6ｦ0 0703090ｷ30ｸ8 6 5 0603apple6ｦ00000 060706036ｦ06 502fl0003 0,4%. ｨｦ 006ｦ00107 70apple006ｦ00200000ｸ806 04apple076 5000000 0009apple6ｦ0 0703090ｷ30ｸ8 6 707apple6ｦ009 07 6 50ｸ80400; apple6ｦ006030003 0601apple0ｸ8036ｦ0fl 0009apple6ｦ0 0703090ｷ36ｦ0 6 5 0600020006010706 030006030007060309 ｱ (ibid: 125). ｨｦ0306040306036 50900 08apple0709apple6ｦ00ｹ00007060309, 0ｷ3000003apple6ｦ00209096ｦ00ｷ309fl 0300036ｦ000090903076 5 0408apple6ｦ06 502000009fl 09 000909010900 030003080ｸ8 0ｹ10107000703090ｹ00006010903 apple000207apple03 06016ｦ0090ｸ86 56ｦ00ｸ90306fl 006ｦ0 0107000104apple000003070608070607 0007060309 0409 000106010706 0ｹ10107000703090109. ｨｨ07 070ｷ300000100 0506000309apple00076 707 6ｦ000016ｦ0, 29% 006ｦ0060002000009fl 6 5 1999 6 7. 08apple0708096 56ｦ00207 096ｦ0 0ｹ000apple030706 00 0007060309 (World Bank 2001e). 05 0307 0800 6 5apple0003fl, ｨｬ09 00010906036ｦ000 6 501026ｦ0 0ｸ86 56ｦ00003 6 5 apple6ｦ0096 509030900 06070ｷ3096ｦ00200000ｸ803 060906030003 6 707apple6ｦ009 07 070200040900 apple000604apple060ｸ8, 0ｹ00003 apple046 70900 0603apple6ｦ0000ｸ8 09000003apple6ｦ00200000706 02090909. ｨｪ6ｦ001, apple6ｦ0060307 0ｸ8 006ｦ0 07 0ｸ70006036 50000000700 09 apple6ｦ06 5070703apple6ｦ00000000900 070603096 70209 6 5 1999 6 7. 6,6% 0703 0505ｨｨ (UNICEF 2002). ｨｨapple07 07020809030002000007060300 0809090009 006ｦ0060002000009fl 060706036ｦ06 502fl0003 09 000600 69 020003 ( 6ｦ000000ｸ800 2000 6 7.), 0ｹ10307 07 0900 0909 066ｦ0030ｸ803 6 50ｸ80607010903 0807016ｦ0096ｦ00300020006 6 5 09000003apple6ｦ00200000706 02090909 (UNDP 2001). ｨｨ07 6ｦ000000ｸ803 0404ｨ 050006 096ｦ0 2000 6 7., ｨｬ09 00010906036ｦ000 0903000003 0706036ｦ003070ｹ00007 0307apple0704040ｸ9 060903046ｦ00ｷ3090ｸ9 06 0607060307fl00090003 09 07apple076 500fl 006ｦ0060002000009fl, 000006030703applefl 006ｦ0 0307, 0ｹ00307 0ｹ1010702076 7090ｹ00006010900 08apple07 0200030ｸ8 09 070607 00000007 45 03090202090700076 5 03070000 06070200000706 09 096ｦ06 7applefl09000000000706 080ｸ80209 06 060403076 707 006ｦ0 02apple6ｦ002000601076 707 0307applefl, 0008006 707 0007 0807060304086ｦ00ｸ90ｸ70900 6 5 0701apple04086ｦ00ｸ90ｸ7040ｸ9 06apple00 04, 08apple07 0702086ｦ00ｸ903 00006 76ｦ003096 50007 06016ｦ0090ｸ86 56ｦ0030006fl 006ｦ0 09 07apple076 50000 006ｦ0060002000009fl (Medecins Sans Frontiers 2000). ｨｨ0701apple076 5090300020006036 500000007060300 0ｹ10107000703090ｹ00006010903 070300070400-000906, 036ｦ0apple6ｦ0010300apple006ｦ0fl 02fl ｨｬ09 00010906036ｦ0006ｦ0, 08apple006 5apple6ｦ00ｸ76ｦ0000306fl 6 5 apple0008apple000606096 50007060300 09 6ｦ06 50307apple09036ｦ0apple0007060300, 01076 7 6ｦ0 apple000ｹ000 096ｦ00307 0903 07 070300070400000909 01 6 7apple6ｦ008 6ｦ0000601070304 07 0ｸ70006036 504, 6 7apple6ｦ008 6ｦ00006010903 066 507 07 6ｦ003 09 0807020903090ｹ00006010903 08apple6ｦ06 56ｦ003. ｨｨ07 01026ｦ00606090209016ｦ00ｷ30909 Freedom House ｨｬ09 00010906036ｦ000 08apple07-0702086ｦ00003 0706036ｦ06 56ｦ0030006fl 700000066 507 07 000706 0603apple6ｦ0000706 ｱ, 08apple09 0ｹ1030703 0607 020ｸ9 00000900 6 7apple6ｦ008 6ｦ00006010903 066 507 07 000009006ｦ00ｹ009030002000007 0506036ｦ06 5016ｦ0 6: ｨｦ0603apple076 5 050709apple0708 00000900 ｨｦ0603apple076 5 050709apple0708 00000900 apple6ｦ00608070207080000 6 5 02apple6ｦ0020006010703 0307apple00 030008 04 016ｦ0096ｦ003-06036ｦ0000703 09 ｨｬ09 00010906036ｦ0000703. 05 1936 6 7. 070603apple076 5 0800apple00040002 0807 0ｸ9apple0906 09010ｷ3090ｸ9 06076 500030601076 707 02090009060300apple06036 56ｦ0 07 07apple07000ｸ8 6 5 016ｦ00ｹ00006036 500 080702096 707006ｦ0 046ｦ0040ｹ000076 707 0300 090ｷ309000601076 707 09000603090304036ｦ0 01apple6ｦ006000706 02apple030909. ｨ 09070209apple076 56ｦ0000007060300 006 707 03000603070807020708000009fl 07 040602076 509026ｦ0 08apple07-6 500 00000900 09 000600 6 5 0800apple0907 06 1952 0807 1992 6 76 7. 07080ｸ803076 5 06 090702076 7090ｹ0000601090309 6ｦ06 70000036ｦ00309 09 6ｦ00ｹ1apple07090702fl0309, 6 5 030703 0ｹ009060200 6ｦ06 70000036ｦ00309 0609 09apple06010706 fl096 50ｸ8, 0ｹ004030ｸ8 09 0706080ｸ8. ｨｨ07060200 0702090ｷ3096ｦ0020000076 707 096ｦ001apple0ｸ80309fl 080702096 707006ｦ0 6 5 1992 6 7. 6 5070000000ｸ800 0608000ｷ3096ｦ0020906030ｸ8 ｨｺ0706060909 09 050700 09000000000ｸ803 ｨｰ036ｦ003076 5 08apple0906030408090209 01 06076 503000603000ｸ803 000606036 509fl03 0807 07 0009-096ｦ0apple6ｦ008096 56ｦ000090ｸ9 0300appleapple090307apple0909. 05 070103fl - apple00 2001 6 7. 0500086ｦ0apple036ｦ003000003 07 07apple07000ｸ8 05ｨｰ02 09 02090009060300apple06036 507 07 07apple07000ｸ8 ｨｬ09 00010906036ｦ0006ｦ0 0807 0809066ｦ00209 06076 7026ｦ0-0400000900, 6 5 060707036 5000306036 50909 06 01070307apple0ｸ803 6 5 apple6ｦ003016ｦ003 08apple076 7apple6ｦ003030ｸ8 060703apple04 00090ｹ00006036 56ｦ0 0807 040603apple6ｦ0000000090ｸ9 046 7apple0709 08026ｦ00009apple076 56ｦ0-02070600 096ｦ003apple6ｦ003090300 07 6 03090202090700076 5 0702026ｦ0apple076 5 05ｨｰ02 006ｦ0 0400090ｹ003070800000900 0706036ｦ003070ｹ0000ｸ803 060807apple 09 040603apple6ｦ00000000900, 036ｦ0010903 07 apple6ｦ0090703, 046 7apple0709 02fl 0701apple04-086ｦ00ｸ90ｸ70006 06apple00 0ｸ8 09 09 07apple076 500fl 006ｦ00600-02000009fl. ｨｬ6 7apple07096ｦ0 apple6ｦ0090007066ｦ0 060807apple 006ｦ0096 56ｦ000000ｸ803 07020009000006 6 7apple0ｸ80904006ｦ00309 0ｹ000apple0009 08070ｹ06 504 06040ｸ70006036 500000007 6 50709apple0706026ｦ0 0807 0300apple00 060701apple6ｦ00ｸ7000009fl 0802070ｸ76ｦ0 09 02apple6ｦ002000601076 707 0307applefl 09 0807fl6 502000009fl 0107apple09 07apple6ｦ0, 066 5fl090ｸ86 56ｦ00ｸ90ｸ7006 707 070603apple076 5 06 00apple006 70703. ｨｨ02070ｸ76ｦ0 00 0ｹ103076 707 0107apple09 07apple6ｦ0 08070603000800000007 046 50002090ｹ0096 56ｦ0000306fl. ｨ 0603070ｹ0000901: Global Security Org 2003; UN ECE 2000a

27 0402040ｹ0040902070600 (070ｷ30000096 56ｦ0000306fl 006ｦ0 706 ｱ), 6ｦ0 0607 020ｸ9 00000900 0807020903090ｹ00006010903 08apple6ｦ06 5 0706036ｦ0000306fl 006ｦ0 07030300030100 707 ｱ 0807 04016ｦ00200 0703 1 07 7. ｨｦ0306040306036 50900 0807020903090ｹ00006010903 08apple6ｦ06 5 0807 036 500apple08 6ｦ0-000306fl 030003, 0ｹ00307 6 5 1999 6 7. 02fl 006ｦ0 020ｸ9 000009fl 096ｦ0 086ｦ0apple026ｦ0030000030601090309 6 50ｸ8 07apple6ｦ00309 6 5 0603apple6ｦ00004 0ｸ8026ｦ0 006ｦ008apple6ｦ06 5-0200006ｦ0 076 7apple6ｦ000090ｹ00000006ｦ0fl 0309060609fl 0807 070ｷ300000100 6 50ｸ8 07apple076 5, 6 50300060307 06036ｦ000 6ｦ0apple03000706 030906060909 006ｦ0 020ｸ9 000009fl 096ｦ0 6 50ｸ8 07apple6ｦ00309. ｨｨapple090ｹ009000706 0ｹ103076 707 06036ｦ0026ｦ0 700600apple000009006ｦ0fl 07096ｦ0 070ｹ000000007060300, 0ｹ00307 6 50ｸ8 07apple070ｹ0006ｦ0fl 0609060300036ｦ0 ｨｬ09 00010906036ｦ0006ｦ0 0000 0807096 50702fl0003 08apple076 500060309 08020ｸ9apple6ｦ002090603090ｹ00006010900 09 0107000104apple000003000ｸ800 6 50ｸ8 07apple0ｸ8 ｱ (OSCE/ODIHR 2000c: 2). ｨｨ07 096ｦ001020ｸ90ｹ00000090ｸ9 030906060909, 0ｹ10200010307apple6ｦ003 0000 0903000003 0906030900000ｸ803 6 50709030708000706030006 6 50ｸ8 07apple6ｦ0 030008 04 apple6ｦ00902090ｹ0000ｸ80309 0807020903090ｹ0000601090309 6ｦ002000300apple006ｦ003096 56ｦ00309 09 0ｹ00307 706 5 ｨｬ09 00010906036ｦ00000 0903000ｸ903 0300060307 0600apple000009000ｸ800 076 7apple6ｦ000090ｹ0000009fl 020400 6ｦ0030000036ｦ00200000ｸ803 066 507 07 ｱ (ibid.). ｨｦapple6 76ｦ00009096ｦ00ｷ30909 6 7apple6ｦ008 6ｦ0000601076 707 07 0ｸ70006036 56ｦ0 09 000008apple6ｦ06 509-0300020006036 50000000ｸ800 07apple6 76ｦ00009096ｦ00ｷ30909 06040ｸ70006036 5040ｸ903, 030703fl 08apple6ｦ06 5090300020006036 507 01 000903 0703000706090306fl 06 0807 0709apple0000090003 09 0903 00fl030002000007060300 6 5 070600076 5000703 076 7apple6ｦ000090ｹ0096 56ｦ0000306fl 036ｦ001090309 0300036ｦ00309, 01070307apple0ｸ800 0000 6 50ｸ8090ｸ86 56ｦ00ｸ903 apple6ｦ00900076 7026ｦ0060906, 6ｦ0 060107apple0000 0708070200fl0ｸ903 00fl030002000007060300 08apple6ｦ06 5090300020006036 56ｦ0. 05 016ｦ00ｹ00006036 500 08apple090300apple6ｦ0 0307080007 006ｦ0096 56ｦ00300 08apple07000103 03000603000706 04ｨｨｨｦ 016ｦ0apple6ｦ0016ｦ002086ｦ00106036ｦ0006ｦ0, 006ｦ008apple6ｦ06 5020000000ｸ806 006ｦ0 07 apple6ｦ009076 56ｦ0000900 0800000ｸ70900 09 0903 0600030006 0807 6 50708apple07066ｦ003 6 5096ｦ0090307066 5fl0909 030008 04 6 50708apple07066ｦ00309 0703apple6ｦ0000ｸ8 0701apple04086ｦ00ｸ90ｸ70006 06apple00 0ｸ8 09 09 07apple076 500fl. 0207080007 080706036ｦ06 5090300 0807 0607030000000900, 0ｹ00307 6 5 0603apple6ｦ00000, 6 7 00, 0807 070ｷ30000016ｦ003, 7000 0ｹ00002076 50001 006ｦ00307 fl0306fl 6 5 096ｦ001020ｸ90ｹ000000909 0807 apple0002096 7090709000ｸ803 09 0807020903090ｹ00006010903 04 0008 000009fl03, 04030006030007 6 7076 507apple090300 07 0703apple0ｸ8030703 09 000907086ｦ006000703 090902070800000909 6ｦ002000300apple006ｦ003096 5000ｸ803 6 5096 702fl 076 5 0409apple07010706 07 0ｸ70006036 50000-00070603000ｸ9. 0400036 56ｦ003016ｦ0 07 0ｸ70006036 5000000076 707 060709006ｦ00009fl 0000 0807096 50702fl0003 09006ｦ00ｹ00903000200000706 0ｹ06ｦ0060309 006ｦ0060002000009fl 6ｦ0 00016 56ｦ0030007 09 096ｦ0 026ｦ06 707-6 5apple000300000007 6 70703076 509030006fl 01 apple00040000090ｸ9 0ｹ1010702076 7090ｹ00006010903 09 0ｹ10107000703090ｹ00006010903 08apple07 020003. 0500apple07fl030007060300 03076 707, 0ｹ00307 06070ｹ000036ｦ0000900 6 5060003 0ｹ1030903 026ｦ0010307apple076 5 0307080003 08apple096 500060309 01 00060807applefl 016ｦ003 09 010700020209010304, 08076 50ｸ8046ｦ0000306fl 0807 0300apple00 6ｦ00103096 509096ｦ00ｷ30909 076 7apple6ｦ000090ｹ00903000200000ｸ803 000606036 50906 0607 060307apple07000ｸ8 08apple6ｦ06 5090300020006036 56ｦ0. ｨｨ0702090309016ｦ0, 040ｹ0apple0008 000009fl 09 0608070607 0007060309 0508040603fl 07020000 0ｹ00003 10 020003 0807060200 07 apple0003000009fl 0000096ｦ06 509-06090307060309 09 006ｦ00ｹ06ｦ0026ｦ0 0807020903090ｹ00006010903, 0ｹ10107000703090ｹ00006010903 09 06070ｷ3096ｦ00200000ｸ803 08apple0007 apple6ｦ009076 56ｦ0000906 ｨｬ09 00010906036ｦ000 0807-08apple000800000304 6 507 0300076 70703 0706036ｦ0000306fl 6ｦ06 50307apple09036ｦ0apple000ｸ803 6 7070604 6ｦ0apple06036 50703. ｨｨapple09000ｷ309080ｸ8 00030701apple6ｦ003090ｹ0000601076 707 040ｹ06ｦ0060309fl 09 0408apple6ｦ06 502000009fl 0807016ｦ0 0000 apple006ｦ0020909076 56ｦ0000ｸ8, 6ｦ0 apple6ｦ0096 509030900 6ｦ009076 50ｸ803 0603apple04010304apple 00030701apple6ｦ003090ｹ0000601076 707 07 0ｸ70006036 56ｦ0 08apple07 0702086ｦ00003 0706036ｦ06 56ｦ0030006fl 6ｦ00103046ｦ00200000ｸ803. 046ｦ0 020ｸ9 6ｦ003000209 096ｦ0 6 50ｸ8 07apple6ｦ00309 6 5 086ｦ0apple026ｦ003000003 6 5 1999 6 7. 09 08apple000909 0000030601090309 6 50ｸ8 07apple6ｦ00309 6 5 ｨｬ09 00010906036ｦ00000 2000 6 7. 08apple09040209 01 6 50ｸ86 507 04, 0ｹ00307 7008apple09000ｷ30908 apple6ｦ009 0002000009fl 6 5026ｦ0060309 030008 04 09060807020009-03000200000706 09 096ｦ001070007 6ｦ003000200000706 0000 6 500036 5fl0309, apple006 7026ｦ00300000309apple076 56ｦ000000ｸ806 01070006030903040ｷ3090006, 0000 046 56ｦ0086ｦ0000306fl ｱ (OSCE/ ODIHR 2000c: 4). 05 0ｷ300020703 02fl 6 7070604 6ｦ0apple06036 5000000076 707 0603apple07fl 036ｦ0apple6ｦ0010300apple006ｦ0 0ｷ3000003apple6ｦ00209096ｦ00ｷ309fl 6 5026ｦ0060309 09 0900apple6ｦ0apple03090ｹ00007060300 090006030903040ｷ30907006ｦ00200000ｸ803 070300070400000906. 050708apple07060ｸ8 0703apple6ｦ0000ｸ8 0701apple04086ｦ00ｸ90ｸ70006 06apple00 0ｸ8 006ｦ00307 fl0306fl 6 5 6 500 00000909 07070604 6ｦ0apple06036 5000000076 707 010703090300036ｦ0 0807 0703apple6ｦ00000 08apple09apple07 0ｸ8, 07 0ｸ76ｦ0fl 0ｹ009060200000007060300 01070307apple076 707 060706036ｦ06 502fl0003 1864 0ｹ00002076 50001 (UN ECE 2001: 44). 01070309030003 0807 0ｹ00900fl000306fl 0000080706apple00 06036 500000007 086ｦ0apple026ｦ00300000304, 0ｹ00307 07 000608000ｹ0096 56ｦ00003 006 707 090603090000040ｸ9 0000096ｦ06 50906090307060300 09 6 7076 507apple0903 07 6 50ｸ80607010706 08apple0907apple090300030007060309 0703apple6ｦ0000ｸ8 0701apple04086ｦ00ｸ90ｸ70006 06apple00 0ｸ8 6 5 ｨｬ09 00010906036ｦ00000. 040001070307apple0ｸ800 020400010ｷ30909 6 5 060200apple00 0703apple6ｦ0000ｸ8 0701apple04086ｦ00ｸ90ｸ70006 06apple00 0ｸ8 6 50ｸ808070200fl0ｸ90306fl 02090009060300apple06036 50703 09 apple6ｦ06 5070703apple6ｦ000000009fl, 02090009060300apple06036 50703 6 5000403apple0000000903 0002, 02090009060300apple06036 50703 060002000601076 707 030709fl0606036 56ｦ0 09 0408apple6ｦ06 502000009fl 6 507 000ｸ80309 apple000604apple066ｦ00309, 6ｦ0 036ｦ0010800 07070604 6ｦ0apple06036 50000000ｸ803 010703090300030703 000907086ｦ0060007060309 006ｦ0 08apple0709096 507 06036 500 09 6 5 6 707apple0007 07 0ｸ86 56ｦ00ｸ90ｸ70006 08apple07030ｸ804020000-0007060309. ｨｺ000400000900 06070ｷ3096ｦ002000007-0ｹ10107000703090ｹ00006010903 0807060200-06036 50906 0ｹ1010702076 7090ｹ00006010903 08apple07 020003 ｨC 0ｹ10307 080702000703070ｹ009fl 02090009060300apple06036 56ｦ0 0ｹ10107000703090109 09 0500086ｦ0apple036ｦ0030000036ｦ0 06036ｦ003090603090109 08apple09 05076 5000300 020900090603apple076 5. 050708apple07060ｸ8 0703apple6ｦ0000ｸ8 0701apple04086ｦ00ｸ90ｸ70006 06apple00 0ｸ8 apple006 7026ｦ00300000309apple040ｸ90306fl, 6 7026ｦ06 5000ｸ803 07 apple6ｦ0090703, 046ｦ00ｷ30907006ｦ00200000ｸ803 0ｹ1010702076 7090ｹ00006010903 08026ｦ0000703 000606036 50906 09 046ｦ00ｷ30907006ｦ00200000ｸ803 08026ｦ0000703 000606036 50906 0807 0703apple6ｦ00000 0701apple04086ｦ00ｸ90ｸ70006 06apple00 0ｸ8. 01 0607086ｦ0020000090ｸ9, 07 00 08apple076 7apple6ｦ003030ｸ8 6 50ｸ808070200fl0ｸ90306fl 6 5 000004 076 50200036 507apple0903000200000703 07 ｨB000300; 0603apple6ｦ0 6ｦ00003, 6 5 0ｹ009060200 08apple070ｹ00903, 706 50000 apple00000900 096ｦ001070007-6ｦ003000200000ｸ803 09 090006030903040ｷ30907006ｦ00200000ｸ803 0300036ｦ000090903076 5, 6ｦ0 036ｦ0010800 6 50ｸ8 000200000900 000007 0307 0903076 707 0209006ｦ0000609apple076 56ｦ00009fl ｱ (UNECE 2001: 18). ｨｬ0ｹ06ｦ006030900 07 0ｸ70006036 500000007060309 apple006 7040209apple04000306fl 096ｦ001070007 6ｦ00300020006036 50703, 6 5 0ｹ06ｦ006030007060309, 6 5 060200apple00 0703apple6ｦ0000ｸ8 0701apple04086ｦ00ｸ90ｸ70006 06apple00 0ｸ8 ｨC ｨ 6ｦ00107000703 07 0703apple6ｦ00000 0701apple04086ｦ00ｸ90ｸ70006 06apple00 0ｸ8 09 ｨ 6ｦ00107000703 07 0ｹ1010702076 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