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A Red Pepper in Edo period--how to accept foreign food in Japanese food culture-- ENOKIDO Hitomi Master s Course, Major in Sociology at Graduate School of Institute of International Japan-Studies, Hosei University Abstract The purpose of this work is to explore how to accept foreign food in Japan taking red pepper for example. In Chapter 1, we explained the origin, introduction, type of red pepper and so on. In addition, we described how red pepper is used in other countries. The reasons why red pepper became popular as follows: 1) People adapted red pepper as medicine. 2) The cultivation of the red pepper is easy. 3) Red pepper took the place of expensive pepper. 4) European use red pepper as an art. As for the people of Korea who use a lot of red peppers, they have adapted red pepper to fermented foods like bean paste and salted fish entrails. In Chapter 2, we described how the Edo masses used red pepper by utilizing books Honzo gaku (a traditional Chinese medicine) and literary works and customs magazines. At the beginning, Japanese also used red pepper as medicine. Afterwards, Shichimi to garashi (that is a combination of seven spices including red pepper) produced in 1625 and red pepper became popular among the Edo masses. 23
In Chapter 3, we examined how the Edo masses used red pepper by utilizing cooking books from the Edo period. As a result, we revealed some specific characteristics of red pepper in Japan cuisine. 1) People used not only raw red pepper but also processed red pepper. By this reason, red pepper became full of variety to cooking. 2) Ao-to garashi(color of the red pepper is not red but green) was reported as a summer vegetable. So we saw that red pepper has sense of the season. 3) Red pepper combined with original foods like a bean paste and soy sauce. Above all, the combination of red pepper and bean paste is similar to Korean cuisine. we showed that how to accept red pepper have much to do with fermented foods. Thus, we considered how to accept foreign food taking red pepper for example. People adapted red pepper to the cultural climate of each region. In Japan, the people emphasized that Japanese cuisine brings out the flavor of seasonal ingredients and this is the essential of how to accept foreign food. However, people have adopted a new way of accepting of red pepper by the spread of the Chinese cuisine and Korean food. From now on, we would like to investigate how red pepper will be used with the globalization. 24