21 VOD A study of the VOD contents decentralization delivery for unicast VOD 1100314 2010 3 1

VOD VOD Video on Demand VOD, Management Server Management Server Management Server 4 VOD CDN i

Abstract A study of the VOD contents decentralization delivery for unicast VOD Takahiro Tsutsui Recently, the VOD(Video on Demand) service has spread. With VOD service, contents distribution is performed using a unicast in many cases. When the request concentrates on the contents server, crowding is generated on the core network. Then, when the access concentrates on the delivery server, it proposes the method to pass the copy of contents to other servers dynamically. In this proposal method, Management Server manages the request, contents information, and the contents copy delivery from the user. The number of connections to the content server is designated as a condition of congestion occurrence decision. When the number of connection exceeds a threshold value, it tells that the content server exceeded the threshold value to Management Server. Management Server transmits the contents copy instruction to the contents server at the copy destination. The crowding generation of the core network of the contents delivery in the unicast is controlled by this proposal method. The simulation, the content delivery by the unicast was done on the network where the proposal method was mounted and the network where contents were not distributed. The content delivery has been increased at random. As a result, the packet loss had been generated during four seconds in total in the network of the proposal method non-mounting. But, the packet loss had not been generated in the network where the iii

proposal method had been mounted. As a result, that dynamically reproducing contents to other server is able to control the crowding generation on the core network. key words unicast, VOD, Contents Decentralization, CDN iv

1 1 1.1............................ 1 1.2................................. 1 1.2.1........................... 2 1.2.2.......................... 3 1.2.3................... 3 1.3 Video On Demand............................. 3 1.3.1 VOD......................... 4 1.3.2 VOD.......................... 4 1.3.3 NVOD................................. 4 1.4................................... 4 2 7 2.1 Contents Delivery Networks........................ 7 2.1.1 CDN........................ 7............................ 7............................... 8............................. 9 2.1.2 CDN........................ 9.................................. 9................................ 9............................. 10 2.2............................ 10 2.3................................ 11 v

3 13 3.1................................ 13 3.1.1 Management Server......................... 13............................. 14...................... 14..................... 15 3.1.2........................... 15.......................... 16......................... 16.......................... 16 3.2............................ 17 3.2.1....................... 17 3.2.2................... 17 4 21 4.1............................ 21 4.2................................... 22 4.2.1.... 23............................ 23 4.2.2........................... 24............................ 25 5 29 5.1.................................... 29 5.2.................................. 30 5.2.1......................... 30 5.2.2................. 30 vi

31 33 vii

1.1 ( [1])...... 2 2.1 CDN................................. 8 3.1............................... 14 3.2.............. 18 3.3............. 19 4.1.............. 22 4.2................... 24 4.3........................ 25 4.4............................. 26 4.5............................. 27 ix

3.1......................... 15 3.2............................. 16 4.1....................... 22 xi

1 1.1 20 9091 75.3 [1] 1.1 FTTH(Fiber To The Home) CATV (Community Antenna TeleVision) 19 20 [1] 1.2 1

1 2 ' 8*9:6 & % $ # "! 9>=@?,A,BDC F*G*H,I C 8*9,E <*E (*),+ -. /!0 "- #- $/ %1 &0 '. 324,576 ; ; ' ; 2 <76 & ; % ; $ ; # ; " ;! ; ; ; 1.1 ( [1]) 1.2.1 Web 2

1.3 Video On Demand 1.2.2 UDP(User Datagram Protocol) UDP RTP(Real-time Transport Protocol) 1.2.3 PC TCP(Transmission Contorol Protocol) HTTP(Hyper Text Transfer Protocol) 1.3 Video On Demand VOD VOD VOD 3

1 1.3.1 VOD VOD VOD 1.3.2 VOD VOD VOD 1.3.3 NVOD NVOD Near Video On Demand VOD 1.4 VOD 4

1.4 5

2 Contents Delivery Networks 2.1 Contents Delivery Networks CDN [2] CDN CDN 2.1.1 CDN CDN CDN 2.1 CDN 7

+* 1? 2 VCWCX Ẅ YCZ\[ P Q R Q6S T%U 2 3465 7,-. 89 : - /0 9 ;< & ' ( )' C = > @ ACB A D EGF HGI! "#%$ J 4 K4 LCMON 2.1 CDN 8

2.1 Contents Delivery Networks 2.1.2 CDN CDN VOD 9

2 CDN 2.2 10

2.3 2.3 CDN CDN 11

3 [3][4] 3.1 3.1 Manegement Server Management Server ISP(Internet Service Provider) POP(Point Of Presence) 3.1.1 Management Server Management Server Manager Sever 13

3 %$& (' :4;;<=>@? AB@? %$& -F4D )+*-,"*/.-0-120/,43 5 0/6 780-6 "!# $C D:";;<=E@? A"@? :4;;<=>@? AB@? 9 3.1 Management Sever Management Server Management Server Management Server Management Sever Management Sever 3.1 14

3.1 3.1 IP 100.101.xx.yy 100.101.yy.zz 100.102.xx.yy abc.avi abc.avi abc.avi Management Sever Management Sever Management Server 3.1.2 15

3 Management Server Management Server TCP FTP(File Transfer Protocol) 3.2 Management Server Management Server 3.2 abc.avi 20090803/13:23 5 lmn.avi 20090725/19:15 7 xyz.avi 20081216/09:35 11 16

3.2 3.2 3.2.1 VOD 3.2 Web Management Server 3.2.2 3.3 Management Server Management Server Management Server 17

U 3 # $&%'$)(&*,+-*,%/.01*,243,*,2/5 678:9<; "! MG_ 5 ecfag<f RJ*TS HJI h ij kl m n o f ]:p q sr tcv:u<vwo x"y KO V 6W7 XYZ = >?A@B C DAEGF RJ*TS HJI 6W[\^]G_a`" MN ;cbd K LMON ; P Q 3.2 18

3.2 3.3 19

4 NS-2[5] CDN 4.1 25 4.1 1Gbps 100Mbps JGN2plus[6] CBR FTP(File Transfer Protocol) 4.1 1500byte 21

4 1Gbps 100Mbps!#" $ %'& ( )* +#, '!.- 4.1 24Mbps MPEG2-TS [7] 5sec 25sec 1 0 1 25 0.1sec 4.1 1500byte 24Mbps 25sec 5sec 4.2 22

4.2 CDN VOD 4.2.1 4.2 4.2 1Gpbs 6 10 4.2 1Gbps 4.3 4.2 10 4.2 10 8 9 10 8 22.9Mbps 9 22.2Mbps 10 12.7Mbps 24Mbps 23

. + 9: 4 7 01 23 4 56 /,- * + 8 8 >7 =2 <,;?!@BADC FEBG#H IKJ @BALNM! #"%$'&)( 4.2 4.2.2 4.1 A B 50 70 700Mbps FTP 24

& 4.2, -/.1032 ) *+ -/.1032 '( $ -/.1032 $%!#" 465 487 4 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.4 1.75 FTP 5 5 A B 980Mbps 1Gbps 7.5 7.8 9 12.5 15.1 4.5 2.5 25

2 1 7 4 @ ;< = >? 9: 8 56 3 4 ACB*DFE#G0H*I ACB*DFEJH0I "!#%$'&(*),+.-0/ 4.4 26

& 4.2 * ) '( $% +-,/.-0/12-3 +-,/.-02/3! #" 4.5 27

5 5.1 VOD VOD Management Server ns2 1 17.8 29

5 5.2 5.2.1 5.2.2 VOD 30

2 2 1 1 1 31

[1] 21, 2009. [2] Scot Hull, CDN Web, BP 2003. [3] VOD 21 P167. [4] Takahiro TSUTSUI, Yoichi SHIMAKAMI, Kazunori SHIMAMURA, A contents decentralization delivery for unicast VOD, IWIT International Workshop on Information Technology(IWIT)2009 pp6-9 2009 [5] The Network Simulator - ns-2, http://www.isi.deu/nsnam/ns/ [6] JGN2, http://www.jgn.nict.go.jp/ [7] HDV Format Web Site, http://www.hdv-info.org/ [8] Dave Kosiur,, TCP/IP IP, 1999. 33