第14章 ステレオグラフ

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1 Stereographic Projection

2 spherical projection 1 1 O great circle small circle pole Z = zenith A stereographic projection O primitive circle C D S C lower hemisphere = nadia 1

3 Z θ 3 P O P P r tan θ 3 P Wulff's stereographic net, Wulff net meridional stereographic net, meridian net 4 stereonet 4

4 Z 5 O C P' ZP' P' O = r tan Z= sec P 5 6 Z r OMC R OC O M' C = sec C C M= P tan r 7 OC = tan OC = sec M 6 7 bowl 3

5 E,40 E 9 (a) (c) S4 E S4 E S45 W 10 4

6 36 W(31 ) E50 SE 80 E 1 31 (1)30,45 W (),14 E 80 E 13 (1)() 1 P1:70 W0 S,P:50 E60 S 14 S38 W 19 P3 P1,P P3 p1,p 13 5

7 15 p 5 p 1 P 1 44 p 3 5 P 3 p E 46 1 P1(40 E40 ) 15 P1 p1 1 p1 P1 1 1 P1 44 R p' P 16 R P' p 30 W40 E 30 7 W p R 17 R R P p R' p' R' p' p" R p" P 17 P(83 E5 S) R(30,4 E) R R p R R p' R P P' 6

8 p 80 R 80 p ' p R' pr=41 R' R R p' Unfolding W60 E 6 p' unfolding 19 P P' 19 P P' 5 ' 55 R 19 p P' p" ' p' P " p' p p" P' ' P " 19 0 P O 1 0 P 7

9 P 4 P P 5 3 P P 3 P 3 34 P 4 P P 3 P P 1 P 4 P 3 G 13 P 4 P 5 G 134 G 1345 P P P P Z O r P equal-area projection ambert projection P' 3 3 P=P' P' P P' P'=r sin P'= r sin 8

10 Z 4 5 X ' m = lim 0 X X =A = r X ' = A' ' = A + = rsin -rsin + = r sin sin + sin sin m = lim 0 d = sin = cos d Y ' p = lim Y Y = H φ 0 φ = r φ sin Y ' = ' φ = r φ sin sin 1 p = lim = φ 0 sin cos S = m p = 1 O φ O H H Z φ φ φ X ' Y X Y' 4 (1) φ A ' A' Y ' Y' 5 () m<1 p>1 W. Schmidt(195) 6 Schmidt's net equal-area net 9 6

11 7 point diagram 7 types of concentration 8 (a maximum) linear preferred orientation planar preferred orientation (a girdle) (girdle axis) crossed girdle 8 10

12 (a small circle, "cleft" girdle) girdle axis maxima density contours contoured diagram point counter Schmidegg 1/10 counting circle 9 counting 9 9a 9b counting

13 Schmidt a 1/ a 30b (free contour method) Mellis

14 3 ( diagram) S-pole diagram cylindrical fold ac 33 open fold

15 tight fold chevron fold 34 superposed fold -diagram 35a n n(n-1)/ 35b 35c 35d 35 14

16 36 40 E1 SE 75 W3 80 E3 S 35 W40 SW 1 W45 W 76 S 0 W 76 SE 44 W 86 S 50 W55 SW T T 4 T 5 76 T 3 T ; 76 W 30 W65 E ; 48 1 W85 E ; E85 SE ; 34 SW 45 E90 ; 44 SW 46 W18 SW ; 36 W 38 15

17 owe(1946) 38a Cruden(1971) 38b owe flexure folding 39 shear folding A A C 90 A A C

18 75 E 50 E A 66 E50 S W40 W oulder Creek 0 E30 E 30 W40 W 40 E 4 5 W3 E 70 5 E

19 E50 SE 75 W31 5 W70 E 78 W 17 W64 W 37 W49 E 41 W47 E 5 W54 W W74 W 14 W75 W 6 W56 W 43 W39 E 3 E3 W 11 W33 W 38 W47 W 1 W44 W 4 W75 E 18 E41 W 35 W9 E 4 W6 E 50 W49 E 1 W37 W 60 W3 10 W67 W 35 E0 W 16 W57 W 4 W84 E 8 W55 E 39 W60 W 68 E5 40 W30 E 3 W48 W 15 W54 W 5 W49 W 5 W80 E 10 W68 E 14 W50 W 5 E30 W 1 E4 W 37 W68 W 4 W58 W 51 W41 3 W66 W 8 W75 W 33 W44 E 35 W58 E 45 W50 E 17 W43 E 44 W43 E 19 W54 W 9 W86 E (1) () (3) (4) 80 W30 (0 W) 50 E80 (30 W) (46 W) 5 E10 E(40 S) 7 E0 S(80 W) Drill Hole Data 1.8m 60 60m (0 E 30 ) 33.6m S37 W 61 S1 E 3 50 S7 E Ragan, M. D. (1973): Structural Geology -- An Introduction to Geometrical Techniques. nd ed. John Wiley & Sons. Inc. 08pp. Turner, F. J. & Weiss,. E. (1963): Structural Analysis of Metamorphic Tectonites. McGraw-Hill ook Co. 545pp. 18

20 19

2.2 h h l L h L = l cot h (1) (1) L l L l l = L tan h (2) (2) L l 2 l 3 h 2.3 a h a h (a, h)

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29 9 .,,, 3 () C k k C k C + C + C + + C 8 + C 9 + C k C + C + C + C 3 + C 4 + C 5 + + 45 + + + 5 + + 9 + 4 + 4 + 5 4 C k k k ( + ) 4 C k k ( k) 3 n( ) n n n ( ) n ( ) n 3 ( ) 3 3 3 n 4 ( ) 4 4 4 ( ) n n

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[ ] 0.1 lim x 0 e 3x 1 x IC ( 11) ( s114901) 0.2 (1) y = e 2x (x 2 + 1) (2) y = x/(x 2 + 1) 0.3 dx (1) 1 4x 2 (2) e x sin 2xdx (3) sin 2 xdx ( 11) ( s

[ ] 0.1 lim x 0 e 3x 1 x IC ( 11) ( s114901) 0.2 (1) y = e 2x (x 2 + 1) (2) y = x/(x 2 + 1) 0.3 dx (1) 1 4x 2 (2) e x sin 2xdx (3) sin 2 xdx ( 11) ( s [ ]. lim e 3 IC ) s49). y = e + ) ) y = / + ).3 d 4 ) e sin d 3) sin d ) s49) s493).4 z = y z z y s494).5 + y = 4 =.6 s495) dy = 3e ) d dy d = y s496).7 lim ) lim e s49).8 y = e sin ) y = sin e 3) y =

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