第14章 ステレオグラフ
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- いぶき みしま
- 7 years ago
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1 Stereographic Projection
2 spherical projection 1 1 O great circle small circle pole Z = zenith A stereographic projection O primitive circle C D S C lower hemisphere = nadia 1
3 Z θ 3 P O P P r tan θ 3 P Wulff's stereographic net, Wulff net meridional stereographic net, meridian net 4 stereonet 4
4 Z 5 O C P' ZP' P' O = r tan Z= sec P 5 6 Z r OMC R OC O M' C = sec C C M= P tan r 7 OC = tan OC = sec M 6 7 bowl 3
5 E,40 E 9 (a) (c) S4 E S4 E S45 W 10 4
6 36 W(31 ) E50 SE 80 E 1 31 (1)30,45 W (),14 E 80 E 13 (1)() 1 P1:70 W0 S,P:50 E60 S 14 S38 W 19 P3 P1,P P3 p1,p 13 5
7 15 p 5 p 1 P 1 44 p 3 5 P 3 p E 46 1 P1(40 E40 ) 15 P1 p1 1 p1 P1 1 1 P1 44 R p' P 16 R P' p 30 W40 E 30 7 W p R 17 R R P p R' p' R' p' p" R p" P 17 P(83 E5 S) R(30,4 E) R R p R R p' R P P' 6
8 p 80 R 80 p ' p R' pr=41 R' R R p' Unfolding W60 E 6 p' unfolding 19 P P' 19 P P' 5 ' 55 R 19 p P' p" ' p' P " p' p p" P' ' P " 19 0 P O 1 0 P 7
9 P 4 P P 5 3 P P 3 P 3 34 P 4 P P 3 P P 1 P 4 P 3 G 13 P 4 P 5 G 134 G 1345 P P P P Z O r P equal-area projection ambert projection P' 3 3 P=P' P' P P' P'=r sin P'= r sin 8
10 Z 4 5 X ' m = lim 0 X X =A = r X ' = A' ' = A + = rsin -rsin + = r sin sin + sin sin m = lim 0 d = sin = cos d Y ' p = lim Y Y = H φ 0 φ = r φ sin Y ' = ' φ = r φ sin sin 1 p = lim = φ 0 sin cos S = m p = 1 O φ O H H Z φ φ φ X ' Y X Y' 4 (1) φ A ' A' Y ' Y' 5 () m<1 p>1 W. Schmidt(195) 6 Schmidt's net equal-area net 9 6
11 7 point diagram 7 types of concentration 8 (a maximum) linear preferred orientation planar preferred orientation (a girdle) (girdle axis) crossed girdle 8 10
12 (a small circle, "cleft" girdle) girdle axis maxima density contours contoured diagram point counter Schmidegg 1/10 counting circle 9 counting 9 9a 9b counting
13 Schmidt a 1/ a 30b (free contour method) Mellis
14 3 ( diagram) S-pole diagram cylindrical fold ac 33 open fold
15 tight fold chevron fold 34 superposed fold -diagram 35a n n(n-1)/ 35b 35c 35d 35 14
16 36 40 E1 SE 75 W3 80 E3 S 35 W40 SW 1 W45 W 76 S 0 W 76 SE 44 W 86 S 50 W55 SW T T 4 T 5 76 T 3 T ; 76 W 30 W65 E ; 48 1 W85 E ; E85 SE ; 34 SW 45 E90 ; 44 SW 46 W18 SW ; 36 W 38 15
17 owe(1946) 38a Cruden(1971) 38b owe flexure folding 39 shear folding A A C 90 A A C
18 75 E 50 E A 66 E50 S W40 W oulder Creek 0 E30 E 30 W40 W 40 E 4 5 W3 E 70 5 E
19 E50 SE 75 W31 5 W70 E 78 W 17 W64 W 37 W49 E 41 W47 E 5 W54 W W74 W 14 W75 W 6 W56 W 43 W39 E 3 E3 W 11 W33 W 38 W47 W 1 W44 W 4 W75 E 18 E41 W 35 W9 E 4 W6 E 50 W49 E 1 W37 W 60 W3 10 W67 W 35 E0 W 16 W57 W 4 W84 E 8 W55 E 39 W60 W 68 E5 40 W30 E 3 W48 W 15 W54 W 5 W49 W 5 W80 E 10 W68 E 14 W50 W 5 E30 W 1 E4 W 37 W68 W 4 W58 W 51 W41 3 W66 W 8 W75 W 33 W44 E 35 W58 E 45 W50 E 17 W43 E 44 W43 E 19 W54 W 9 W86 E (1) () (3) (4) 80 W30 (0 W) 50 E80 (30 W) (46 W) 5 E10 E(40 S) 7 E0 S(80 W) Drill Hole Data 1.8m 60 60m (0 E 30 ) 33.6m S37 W 61 S1 E 3 50 S7 E Ragan, M. D. (1973): Structural Geology -- An Introduction to Geometrical Techniques. nd ed. John Wiley & Sons. Inc. 08pp. Turner, F. J. & Weiss,. E. (1963): Structural Analysis of Metamorphic Tectonites. McGraw-Hill ook Co. 545pp. 18
20 19
2.2 h h l L h L = l cot h (1) (1) L l L l l = L tan h (2) (2) L l 2 l 3 h 2.3 a h a h (a, h)
1 16 10 5 1 2 2.1 a a a 1 1 1 2.2 h h l L h L = l cot h (1) (1) L l L l l = L tan h (2) (2) L l 2 l 3 h 2.3 a h a h (a, h) 4 2 3 4 2 5 2.4 x y (x,y) l a x = l cot h cos a, (3) y = l cot h sin a (4) h a
lim lim lim lim 0 0 d lim 5. d 0 d d d d d d 0 0 lim lim 0 d
lim 5. 0 A B 5-5- A B lim 0 A B A 5. 5- 0 5-5- 0 0 lim lim 0 0 0 lim lim 0 0 d lim 5. d 0 d d d d d d 0 0 lim lim 0 d 0 0 5- 5-3 0 5-3 5-3b 5-3c lim lim d 0 0 5-3b 5-3c lim lim lim d 0 0 0 3 3 3 3 3 3
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51 5 5.1 5.1.1 P r P z θ P P P z e r e, z ) r, θ, ) 5.1 z r e θ,, z r, θ, = r sin θ cos = r sin θ sin 5.1) e θ e z = r cos θ r, θ, 5.1: 0 r
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63 6 6.1 6.1.1 v = v 0 =v 0x,v 0y, 0) t =0 x 0,y 0, 0) t x x 0 + v 0x t v x v 0x = y = y 0 + v 0y t, v = v y = v 0y 6.1) z 0 0 v z yv z zv y zv x xv z xv y yv x = 0 0 x 0 v 0y y 0 v 0x 6.) 6.) 6.1) 6.)
4 4 θ X θ P θ 4. 0, 405 P 0 X 405 X P 4. () 60 () 45 () 40 (4) 765 (5) 40 B 60 0 P = 90, = ( ) = X
4 4. 4.. 5 5 0 A P P P X X X X +45 45 0 45 60 70 X 60 X 0 P P 4 4 θ X θ P θ 4. 0, 405 P 0 X 405 X P 4. () 60 () 45 () 40 (4) 765 (5) 40 B 60 0 P 0 0 + 60 = 90, 0 + 60 = 750 0 + 60 ( ) = 0 90 750 0 90 0
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85 4 86 Copright c 005 Kumanekosha 4.1 ( ) ( t ) t, t 4.1.1 t Step! (Step 1) (, 0) (Step ) ±V t (, t) I Check! P P V t π 54 t = 0 + V (, t) π θ : = θ : π ) θ = π ± sin ± cos t = 0 (, 0) = sin π V + t +V
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145 13 13.1 13.1.1 0 m mg S 13.1 F 13.1 F /m S F F 13.1 F mg S F F mg 13.1: m d2 r 2 = F + F = 0 (13.1) 146 13 F = F (13.2) S S S S S P r S P r r = r 0 + r (13.3) r 0 S S m d2 r 2 = F (13.4) (13.3) d 2
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重力方向に基づくコントローラの向き決定方法
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0. A A = 4 IC () det A () A () x + y + z = x y z X Y Z = A x y z ( 5) ( s5590) 0. a + b + c b c () a a + b + c c a b a + b + c 0 a b c () a 0 c b b c 0 a c b a 0 0. A A = 7 5 4 5 0 ( 5) ( s5590) () A ()
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38 5 Cauchy.,,,,., σ.,, 3,,. 5.1 Cauchy (a) (b) (a) (b) 5.1: 5.1. Cauchy 39 F Q Newton F F F Q F Q 5.2: n n ds df n ( 5.1). df n n df(n) df n, t n. t n = df n (5.1) ds 40 5 Cauchy t l n mds df n 5.3: t
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5. F(, 0) = = 4 = 4 O = 4 =. ( = = 4 ) = 4 ( 4 ), 0 = 4 4 O 4 = 4. () = 8 () = 4
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28 Horizontal angle correction using straight line detection in an equirectangular image 1170283 2017 3 1 2 i Abstract Horizontal angle correction using straight line detection in an equirectangular image
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ac b 0 r = r a 0 b 0 y 0 cy 0 ac b 0 f(, y) = a + by + cy ac b = 0 1 ac b = 0 z = f(, y) f(, y) 1 a, b, c 0 a 0 f(, y) = a ( ( + b ) ) a y ac b + a y
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