iida.indd

Size: px

Start display at page:

Download "iida.indd"

ひできよどぎみ
5 years ago
Views:

2 31(2): (2007) 30 Overseas Scientific Expeditions from 1955 through 1965: Japanese Anthropology and the Mass Media after the War Taku Iida After the loss of the former Japanese colonies and the occupied territories, many Japanese anthropologists organized mass-media-sponsored expeditions, one of the few means of conducting scientific fieldwork. This phenom- Key Words Japanese anthropology, expedition, newspaper, documentary film, television 227

3 31 2 enon was particularly notable in the period between 1955 and 1960, having its roots in the alpinist expeditions to the Himalayas which began with anthropologists participation in Distinguished expedition members included Hitoshi Kihara, Nobuhiro Matsumoto, Masao Oka, Kaoru Tanaka, Kinji Imanishi, Eiichiro Ishida, Namio Egami, Kosuke Yamashita, Sosuke Sugihara, Seiichi Izumi, Sasuke Nakao, Jiro Kawakita, and Tadao Umesao, among others. Most of the expeditions were accompanied by movie cameramen, whose films were released in movie theaters, making the sponsorship profitable. Newspaper reporters also used to follow them, headlining the expedition s activities, and publicizing exotic scenes or arcane scientific knowledge. Newspaper companies, after the expedition, organized exhibitions, expedition members talks, and free film shows. This partnership started to collapse around 1963, when the film industry began to decay because of the rise of TV, and because ordinary citizens were more able to make overseas trip. Another reason was that mass-media companies no longer needed academic authority, for they were free to organize their own expeditions. In this situation, some expeditions tried to keep up partnerships with mass-media companies, though these declined in number. Fortunately the Ministry of Education began to provide anthropologists with funds for overseas research, enabling them to do fieldwork more easily. Thus, the cooperation between academia and the mass media lasted only during the period of insufficient governmental support for expeditions. However, as an unintended result, the anthropological expeditions of this time led the general public to recognize the significance of anthropological activity, which brings knowledge of distant areas. 228

4 a; Shimizu and Bremen 2003; 2005; a 229

7 b: b GHQ CIE ; CIE 232

8 : 222; 1994: : : 71 ibid.:

9 : ;

10 a: FF AACK AACK 235

11 AACK AACK AACK 1974; 2002: ; 1997: FF 1974: AACK FF cf AACK 236

12 : ; FF AACK 1958 FF AACK

13 AACK , b: : b:

14 30 cf. 1992b: AACK 1958 AACK AACK 1997: 85 AACK 239

15 ; a:

16 b: NBC NBC

17 NTV

18 : : : v A A C K 1971:

19 ; : 11 eg

20 FF FF FF FF 3 245

21 a 1984: b 246

23 % %

25 : a; 1959b; jmdb.ne.jp/1965/co htm 6 B. S. R. 250

26 %

27 : Cho 1960; ; a; 1958b 252

28 : 18,

29 :

30 a: ;

32 ;

33 ; ; 1960; 1961; cf b 258

34 ;

36 b 261

37 a:

39 NHK

40 30 NHK KRT TBS NHK

41 : NHK NHK 2002: 151 NHK = 1981a b

42 : ; a:

45 b: b a

46 NET NHK TBS RKB CBC HBC ABC ABC 271

47 a:

52 b 1971: b:

54 b T shajin/home%20page.files/history/history.html a

55 b 1978a, b NHK a: M San Pa Tun Pha Khao 1960 Torbo 124 (3): :

56 pp (1): (3): (3): (4): (4): PHP pp [1964] a 1992b NHK 1963 NHK 281

57 NHK pp (12): [1957] pp (1): (8): (5): [1963] : Nepal 1 19 (1): Nepal 2 Tibet Tsumje 19 (3-4): (4): [1960] (12):

58 a pp b pp Shimizu, Akitoshi and Jan van Bremen 2003 (eds). Wartime Japanese Anthropology and the Pacific (Senri Ethnological Studies 65), Osaka: National Museum of Ethnology (1): (10): a b : (1): (12): Torbo 224 (3): a III 1980b IV Cho, Jukyu 1960 Sultivated Rice Plants in the Basin of Mekong River: Classification of the Cultivated Rice 283

59 Plants by Grain Form and Phenol Reaction and Its Relationship to Their Geographical Distribution, Yokohama: Yurindo Publishing [1975] (1): a 2000b pp pp a 17 (1): b 17 (3-4): a 22 (3-4): b 23 (1-2): (4): a [1972] = 1981b [1971]

60 pp (1): pp pp a 1958b 285

評論・社会科学　１０１号（Ｐ）☆／１．三井

評論・社会科学　１０１号（Ｐ）☆／１．三井 1945 12 8 10 GHQ GHQ GHQ GHQ 1 1 1 GHQ 1 2 1 3 CI&E 2 2 1 91 2 2 2 3 3 3 1 3 2 2 2 2 2012 2 28 2012 3 7 GHQ 1 10 3 66,516 55,998 82.68 11,518 58,722 88.28 7,794 53,912 81.05 12,604 3 3 90 4,800 12 8 4