Improvement and development of training system and management of Technical Listening Training Kazuhiko Kawahara
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1 九州大学学術情報リポジトリ Kyushu University Institutional Repository 聴能形成の訓練システムと運用の改善と展開 河原, 一彦 出版情報 : 九州大学, 2016, 博士 ( 芸術工学 ), 論文博士バージョン :published 権利関係 : 全文ファイル公表済
2 Improvement and development of training system and management of Technical Listening Training Kazuhiko Kawahara
3
4 1 : I II I I I : :
5 ii 2
6 1 : Design Kyushu Institute of Design 1.2 [1] [2] 1
7 [1] Gehörbildung Gehörbildung 1969 I II I 1 II 2 2
8 1.3.1 I I 3 I PC Hz k 2k 4k 8kHz [25] db db db 3
9 /1_1 6/1_2 6/8_1 6/8_2 6/15_1 6/15_2 Fig. 1.1: 5dB 2012 db 10 db 5dB 2dB Fig dB 5dB I k 2k 4k 8kHz 10 db 1kHz 4
10 Fig. 1.2: 125, 250, 500, 1kHz 2012 Fig kHz % 78% 200 Hz I 5
11 1.3.2 II I II II II I sharpness db/octave fluctuation strength roughness 440 Hz Hz SN SN 6
12 II 4.1 db / +4dB +2dB -2dB Matlab 2 MP3(MPEG-1 Audio Layer-3) AAC(Advanced Audio Coding) 16bit wav (least significant bit:lsb) N (1 N 16) 2 16 N 2 16 N MP3 Mother of MP3 Suzanne Vega Tom s Dinner 7
13 1.4 Ear Training (Critical Listening) McGill University Technical Ear Training (TET) McGill University Jaosn Corey (Department of Performing Arts Technology, School of Music, Theatre & Dance, University of Michigan ) CD-ROM Audio Production and Critical Listening - Techinical Ear Training - [3] 2010 Audio Engineering Society(AES) AES 141st Convention Critical Listening: Ear Training in Audio Education Workshop [4] [5] Web [6] Web [7] 8
14 [8] [9] [10] The Fryderyk Chopin University of Music Timbre Solfege McGill University Technical Ear Training (TET) Adam Mickiewicz University 2001 McGill University TET TET Corey CD-ROM Audio Production and Critical Listening - Techinical Ear Training - [3] CD-ROM TET 1 II 40 9
15 AES [11] [12] [13] [14] 2013 AES 50th Conference on Audio Education Towards a Systematic Ear-Training Curriculum: Effective and Efficient Learning in Audio Education [14] AES AES Technical Committee on Perception and Subjective Evaluation of Audio Signals Ear-Trainig AES [13] 10
16 2 2.1 [5] [7] CD PC PC PDA
17 OptiPlex 760 LAN LGY-PCI-GT IEEE1394 IEEE1394 RME Fireface400 Ethernet S/PDIF ( ) LAN HAMILEX GT-9715 No326S XLR AD/DA RME ADI-2 Ethernet XLR LAN AP WAPS-HP-AM54G54 NES 450B NES 450B b,g NES 211S(V) NES 211S(V) PDA ipaq 112 PDA ipaq 112 YAMAHA MSP-3 XLR MINIMIC MIC800 AKG D542E XLR YAMAHA MG124C XLR ECM-55B YAMAHA MSP-3 Fig. 2.1: 1 Fig. 2.1 PC OS windows7 LAN TCP/IP ID LAN HP ipaq 112, IEEE g LAN 1 IP
18 [15] ID RME Fireface khz, 24bit 75Ω S/PDIF DA NHK NES 450B NES 211S(V) I 13
19 ver PDA LAN NHK NES211S I Genelec 8030B 2 HP ipaq112 USB E130 Windows8.1 Windows7 USB RME Babyface LAN b Wi-Fi IP LAN IP I I II 2 14
20 I dropbox 50 50dB A A 80dB
21 3 I ( 26 ) 2013 ( ) I I I I 2014 I I Table Table db
22 Table 3.1: 2014 I db 10dB 4 10dB 5dB 5 5dB 6 5dB 7 5dB 8 5dB 1/3 9 5dB 1/3 10 5dB 1/3 11 5dB, 12, 2dB 13 2dB 14 2dB 17
23 Table 3.2: 2013 I db 4 10dB 5dB 5 5dB 6 5dB 7 5dB 8 5dB 9 5dB 1/3 10 5dB 1/3 11 5dB 1/3 12, 2dB dB dB 15 2dB /3 5dB 2dB Table
24 (χ 2 = 4.357) 5dB (χ 2 =4.898) (χ 2 =3.73) (χ 2 =30.486) 1/3 (χ 2 =32.725) 2dB (χ 2 =19.365) I 2014 Table 3.3: ( ) % 87.3% 88.2% (848,92) (890,130) (723,97) 87.1% 82.1% 91.4% (784,116) (821,179) (695,65) 90.0% 92.3% 87.9% 5dB (423,47) (480,40) (343,47) 59.8% 62.8% 72.9% 2dB (263,177) (407,241) (341,127) 78.0% 72.4% 87.5% ( ) (359,101) (362,138) (350,50) 70.9% 71.7% 76.4% ( ) (333,137) (330,130) (298,92) 19
25 3.3 1 Table I I Table. 3.7 Table. 3.8 Table Table I I 25 Table. 3.7 (χ 2 =20.838) Table. 3.8 (χ 2 =23.604) Table (χ 2 =47.437) 0.01 Table (χ 2 =3.354) I 25 Table. 3.4 (χ 2 =1.548) Table (χ 2 =0.27, 0.049) Table. 3.9 (χ 2 = 0.343) I 25 Table I Table % 0 Table % 20
26 4 1 Table % 100% 1 I I Table 3.4:? ( ) 67.5%(27) 2.5%(1) 30.0%(12) 0.0%(0) Table 3.5: ( ) ( ) 92.6%(25) 7.4%(2) 0.0%(0) Table 3.6: ( ) ( ) 88.9%(24) 11.1%(3) 0.0%(0) 21
27 Table 3.7: ( ) 80.0%(32) %(8) %(0) 5 0.0%(0) Table 3.8: ( ) 67.5%(27) 27.5%(11) 2.5%(1) 0.0%(0) 0.0%(0) Table 3.9: 1 1 ( ) 2 5.0%(2) %(0) %(2) %(18) 42.5%(17) Table 3.10: ( ) 27.5%(11) 57.5%(23) 10.0%(4) 2.5%(1) 0.0%(0) 22
28 Table 3.11: ( ) 62.5%(25) 37.5%(15) 0.0%(0) 0.0%(0) 0.0%(0) 3.4 I 1 I Table , 2 Table. 3.13, Table 3.12: 1: 1 1 I 5 2: 5 3: I 4: 1 5: 1 Table
29 90% 95% 1 1 I Table 3.13: 1: 1 1 I % 1 2.5% 2 5.0% 0 0.0% 0 0.0% Table 3.14: 2: % % 0 0.0% % 1 2.5% I I 24
30 Table % 30% I 5 I I 1 I 1 I 3.5 Table db Db I 25
31 4 1 5 I 1 1 I 1 : 1 26
32 I db Hz 27
33 250Hz ( ) 28
34 1k 2k Db 3 29
35 BEST
36 1 2 1? I
37 I 1 1 I 1 I 32
38 (Computer Aided Design:CAD) CAD
39 [8] [9] The Fryderyk Chopin University of Music Timbre Solfege [16] Audio Engineering Society(AES) [11], [12] [13]
40 [17] : Table 4.1 I PC 35
41 Table 4.1: x x x x x x x 10 db x x 5 db x x 2 db x x : 125 Hz, 250 Hz, 500 Hz, 1 khz : 1 khz, 2 khz, 4 khz, 8 khz x x x : 125 Hz, 250 Hz 500 Hz, 1 khz, 2 khz, 4 khz, 8 khz I I, 36
42 : LAN 1 2 Table Hz, 1kHz, 4kHz 10dB, 0.7, 1.4, 2.1, 2.8, , +2, 0, -2, -4 db
43 PDA PDA
44 Table 4.2: x x 90% 2 x x 85% 3 x x 80% 3 x 90% 2 10dB x x x x 90% 4 5dB x x x 75% 6 2dB x x x x 90% 4 x x x 85% 4 x x x x x x 80% 6 x x x 90% 6 x x x 90% 6 x x x 70% 8 x x x x 80% 8 x x x 85% 6 x x x 80% 6 x x 70% 8 Fig Fig /3 90% 39
45 Fig dB Fig. 4.1 Fig kHz 90% 4 Fig khz 80% 4 Table I 40
46 AV 5dB 2 100% 平均正答率と標準偏差 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 2008/11/17 10: /11/17 10: /12/1 10:14 訓練日 2008/12/1 10: /12/08/10: /12/08/10:34 Fig. 4.1: 1/3 : 41
47 100% 平均正答率と標準偏差 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 2008/10/27/10: /10/27/10: /10/27/10: /11/10/10: /11/10/10: /11/10/10: /11/10/10:30 訓練日 Fig. 4.2: 5dB : 平均正答率と標準偏差 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 2008/10/27 10: /10/27 10: /11/10/10: /11/10/10: /11/17/10: /11/17/10:05 訓練日 Fig. 4.3: 125Hz 1kHz : 42
48 100% 平均正答率と標準偏差 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 2008/12/22/10: /12/22/10: /01/05/10: /01/05/10: /01/19/10: /01/19/10: /01/26/10:38 訓練日 Fig. 4.4: 125Hz 8kHz : dB 2dB
49 Fig Web 44
50 . Fig. 4.5: :
51 Dong-A University IT 2011 I II R. 46
52 4.2.2 [18] [19] [18] [20] 47
53 10dB II 6dB % 50% 5 5 db Hz Table
54 Table 4.3: Q (5) (4) (3) db Hz (3) (2) (1) Q (2) (2) (2) (1) (1) Q db (1) (1) 1 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) Q (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) 49
55
56 5dB 2dB ISO 1/3 10dB 51
57 [10]
58 [2] [21]
59 10 20 (PDA) 2 [17] PDA Web GNU General Public Licence [7] 54
60 Table 5.1: : 20, :16, : 0, : 0 : 25, : 9, : 2, : 0 : 26, : 9, : 0, : 0 : Table [5] [8] 55
61 I 1 I 4 5 I 1 56
62 1 I 1 I 1 I 2 57
63 II i
64 [1],,,, - -,, 1996 [2] Shin-ichiro Iwamiya,Yoshitaka Nakajima,Kazuo Ueda, Kazuhiko Kawahara and Masayuki Takada, Technical Listening Training: Improvement of sound sensitivity for acoustic engineers and sound designers, Acoustical Science and Technology, Vol.24 No.1 pp.27-31, [3] Jason Corey, Audio Production and Critical Listening - Techinical Ear Training -, Focal Press (2010) [4],,, EDU2011-1, pp (2011). [5],, 2014, pp (2014). [6],,, EDU2011-1, pp (2011). [7], TCP/IP WWW,, 62, pp , (2006). [8],, 2014, pp (2014). [9],, 2014, pp (2014). [10] Kazuhiko Kawahara, Masayuki Takada, Shin-ichiro Iwamiya, Toshihiro Ito, Transferring technical listening training curriculum at the Department of Acoustic Design, Kyushu University, to a corporation in the acoustics industry, Acoustical Science and Technology, 37, 4, pp , [11] S. Kim, J. Corey, K. Kawahara, A. Marui, S. Olive, Workshop: Listen Professionally or Train Your Ear!, AES 131st Convention New York, 2011, (2011) Available at < [Accessed 29 July 2015]. [12] S. Kim, K. Kawahara, D. Ko, S. Vase Legarth, A. Marui, M. Bassett, S. Olive, Workshop: Listen Professionally or Train Your Ear!, AES 132nd Convention Budapest, 2012, (2012) Available at < [Accessed 29 July 2015]. [13] S. Kim, M. Bassett, J. Corey, K. Kawahara, S. Olive, Workshop: Critical Listening: Ear Training in Audio Education, AES 141st Convention Los Angels, 2016, (2016) Available at < [Accessed 8 November 2016]. [14] Sungyoung Kim, Timothy J. Ryan, Jason Corey, Doyuen Ko, Kazuhiko Kawahara, Workshop7: Towards a Systematic Ear-Training Curriculum: Effective and Efficient Learning in Audio Education AES 50th Conference - Audio Education, 2013, (2013) Available at < [Accessed 30 December 2016]. ii
65 [15], ( ), pd1 10.html ( ). [16] A. Miśkiewicz, T. Letowski, Timbre Solfege training in automotive industry, Proc. Forum Acusticum 2014, 5 pages (2014). [17],,, - -,, 70, 11, pp , [18] R [19] [20] R [21],,, 69, , (2013). [22] Kazuhiko Kawahara, Masayuki Takada, Shin-ichiro Iwamiya, Training course for instructors of technical listening training, Acoustical Science and Technology, 37, 4, pp , [23] [24] [25],,,,, pp (1979.6). [26],,,,, 22, pp.1-9, [27] KIM KIHONG, Kazuhiko Kawahara, Shin-ichiro Iwamiya, (Acoustical Letter)Case study of acoustic education for Korean music majors, Acoustical Science and Technology, 35, 1, pp.62-65, iii
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