Geograph. Rev. Japan A 82(4): (2009)

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1 Ryukyu Islands I

2 Fig. 1 1 Islands in the area between Kyushu Island and Formosa Island and their geographic names (based on the Geographical Survey Institute) a 1

3 Table 1 1 Tiered geographic names of islands in the Nansei Shoto area (differences in grouping between the Geographical Survey Institute and Japan Coast Guard) a b 2 II Liukiu Bogen

4 Fig. 2 Tiered geographic names including the Amami Shoto and Okinawa Shoto areas in maps and atlases ( ) III III 1

5 Table 2 2 ~ Official maps, topographies, and nautical books in the early and mid-meiji era [] [] [] [ ] [ ] ~91 22~ /98 30/

6 NIPPON 1832 NIPPON LIUKIU-EILANDEN NIPPON

7 The China Pilot forth edition King 1864 Meiaco-sima group Luchu Island The Linschoten Islands Lu-chu Island 1873 Meiaco-sima group The Linschoten Islands

9 c

10 ~ IV 1 III

11 IV a,b

4 1908 41 11 2 3 1 5 269 100 3 1908 41 1908 269 Fig.

13 Fig. 3 Frequency of use of geographic names in northern Nansei Shoto appearing in high school geography textbooks in IV

14 V V Liuchiu islands JCS570/40 11 primary base areas

15 : GHQ Nansei shoto south of 29deg. north latitude including the Ryukyu Islands and the Daito Islands 4 22 United States

16 Department of State United States Department of State CIA 2008 WORLD FACTBOOK 25 RYUKYU ISLANDS N AMPO- SHOTO VI

17 I United States Military Government of the Ryukyu Islands 29 United States Civil Administration of the Ryukyu Islands: USCAR VII

18 30 29 Ryukyu Islands ) ) ) ) ) ) )

19 group Meiaco-sima group Luchu group group 8) b 330 9) a ) ) c ) ) ) southwest north-east 15) ) ) html ) Ryukyu Islands Liuchiu Islands 19) LIUCHIU ISLANDS Ryukyu) T-343 July 2, 1943, Post World War II Foreign Policy Planning State Department Records of Harley A. Notter RG59LIUCHIU ISLANDS Ryukyu Islands CAC Liuchiu Islands Ryukyu Ryukyu Islands Liuchiu

20 ) 21) United States Department of State United States Department of State ) Samuel S. Boggs ) co.jp/wallstreet/4053/1999-after-1e.html ) 1946 JCS Nansei Shoto Nansei Shoto JCS1619/1 25) 2008 WORLD FACTBOOK print/ja.html ) ) co.jp/ /qanda/q-js-map/q01-07.htm ) II ) Provisional Government of Northern Ryukyu Islands Ryukyu Islands 319

21 30) nature/isan/kento/030526/giji2.pdf ) R D a b ~ P F von a b c

22 a b M E a b c King, J. W The China Pilot forth edition. London: Hydrographic Office, Admiralty. United States Department of State Foreign relations of the United States, The Far East Volume VI. Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office. United States Department of State Foreign relations of the United States, The Far East and Australasia Volume VI. Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office. United States Department of State Foreign relations of the United States, Asia and the Pacific Volume VI, Part 1. Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office. 321

23 Geographical Review of Japan Series A Historical and Political Background of Geographic Names in the Nansei Shoto Area MIZUTANI Tomoo (Nature Conservation Bureau, Ministry of the Environment) Nansei Shoto is a common geographic name used in maps to refer to the area between Kyushu Island and Formosa Island, while the term Ryukyu Rettou is more often used in scientific papers. In addition to Nansei Shoto, the terms Ryukyu Shoto, Satsunan Shoto, and other geographic names are also used in tiers in this area. This paper describes the development of these tiered geographic names and the process of their establishment in Japanese society. The geographic names in this area were basically given by the Hydrographic Department of the Japanese Navy in the Meiji era and have been used continuously to the present. The name Satsunan Shoto alone comes from the private sector and has taken root. The established geographic names entered common usage through their appearance in geography textbooks and atlases, and a textbook screening system has played an important role in unifying several patterns of use in geography books. The Amami Shoto area used to belong to the Ryukyu Kingdom before its occupation by the Satsuma domain (one of the most powerful feudal domains in Tokugawa Japan) in the early 17th century. Even after the islands were ceded to the Satsuma domain, they were disguised to other countries as Ryukyu territory and were treated as an ambiguous border area. When a dispute over Ryukyu possession arose between Japan and China around 1880, the Japanese government started using the geographic name Ryukyu Shoto to refer to the area south of the Okinawa Shoto area (not including the Amami Shoto area). After the establishment of the term Satsunan Shoto to refer to the area north of the Amami Shoto area, the concept of dividing the Nansei Shoto area into the two regions of Satsunan Shoto and Ryukyu Shoto became common. During and after the Second World War, the US military intended to treat the Ryukyu Islands as the area south of the Amami Shoto area and to govern them as an area of ethnologic unity independent of the Japanese mainland. Consequently, the geographic name came to be used politically as a device to separate Japan s national lands. Although the Geographical Survey Institute standardized the geographic names in the Nansei Shoto area in 1954 and those in geography textbooks were also standardized, other geographic names are often used in scientific papers when indicating points common to Amami Shoto and Okinawa Shoto areas. Geographic names in the Nansei Shoto area should be used after consideration of the historical and political background of each. Key words: Nansei Shoto, Amami Shoto, Ryuku Shoto, Satsunan Shoto, geographic name, annexation of Ryukyu 322

森林96-143

森林96-143 : B Yoshiyuki Chinen, Masami Shiba 2015Consideration of Underlying Historical Changes in House Building Materials in Okinawa Prefecture. J Jpn For Soc 97: 143152 This paper reviews the historical changes