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2 TABLE 1. Abbreviations of groups TABLE 2. Number of animals in each group which showed greater or less responses than the group median

3 TABLE 3. Number of animals which defecated during conditioning trials TABLE 4. Amount of defecation of two cont rol groups during each period FIG. 2. The effects of reserpine on output of bar responses in each period. Drug was injected during C4-C10 trials. FIG. 1. The effects of reserpine on out put of bar responses in each period. Drug was injected during C1-C9 trials. FIG. 3.

4 TABLE 5. Number of animals in each group which showed greater or less lever responses than the group median FIG. 4. The effects of reserpine on out put of bar responses in each period. Drug was injected durnig E1-E7 trials.

1) Bradley, P. B., Deniker, P. & Radouce T. (Ed.) Neuropsychopharmacology. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1958. 2) Brady, J. V.

5 1) Bradley, P. B., Deniker, P. & Radouce T. (Ed.) Neuropsychopharmacology. Amsterdam: Elsevier, ) Brady, J. V. A comparative approach to the evaluation of drug effects upon behavior: Fields, W. S. (Ed.), Brain mechanism and drug action. Springfield, I11: Charles C. Thomas, 1957.

6 3) Brady, J. V. Emotional Behavior: Fields, J., Magoun, H. & Victor, E. (Ed.), Handbook of physiology. Section I. Neurophysiology. Vol. 3. Washington: American Physiological Society. 4) Courvoisier, S. Pharmacodynamic basis for the use of chlorpromazine in psychiatry. J. clin. psychopath., 1956, 17, ) Davis, W. M., Capehart, J. & Llewellin, W. Mediated acquisition of a fear motivated res ponse and inhibition effect of chlorpromazine. psychopharmacologia, 1961, 2, ) Dinsmoor, J. A. Punishment: I The avoi dance hypothesis. Psychol. Rev., 1954, 61, ) Estes, W. L., & Skinner, B. F. Some quan titative properties of anxiety, J. exp. psychol., 1941, 29, ) Hunt, H. F. Some effects of drugs on a classical (type S) conditioning. Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci., 1956, 65, ) Hunt, H. F., & Brady, J. V. Some effects of electroconvulsive shock on a conditioned emotional response (anxiety). J. comp. physiol. Psychol., 1951, 44, ) Hunt, H. F. & Brady, J. V. Some effects of punishment and intercurrent anxiety on a simple operant. J. comp. physiol. psychol., 1955, 48, ) lee, J. B. The relation of frustration and motivation to the production of abnormal fixa tion in the rat. Psychol. Monogr., 1944, 56, No. 4, ) Siegel, S. Nonparametric statistics of the behavioral sciences. New York: McGraw Hill, ) Wikler, A. The relation of psychiatry to pharmacology. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins, ) Yamahiro, R. S., Bell, E. & Hill, H. The effects of reserpine on a strongly conditioned emotional response. Psychopharmacologia, , THE EFFECTS OF RESERPINE ON A SIMPLE OPERANT RESPONSE IN PUNISHMENT AND IN CER CONDITIONING MAMORU UMEMOTO University of Tokyo ABSTRACT Hunt and Brady (10) reported that sup pression in bar-pressing responses produced by CER conditioning differed in strength from that produced by punishment. They also stated that there would be differences in quality as well as in strength. The present study was designed to investigate the differerence in suppressant effects pro duced by CER conditioning and electric shock punishment with administration of reserpine. After the accomplishment of bar-pressing learning in the Skinner box, rats were divided into two groups. The CER Ss were presented with the clicking noise during the third through thefourth minutes of a six-min bar-pressing period (the clicking period), and they were electrically shocked when ever the clicking noise went off. The punishment Ss received electric shock when they depressed the lever during the clicking period. Half of each group received an appro priate injection of reserpine. The dosage schedule of reserpine in mg/kg S. C. units was as follows: 1.0 on the first day, 0.5 on the second day, 0.1 on and after the third day. In Experiment 1, reserpine was administered every trial from the begin ning of conditioning, in Exp. 2, from the

7 fourth day of conditioning, and in Exp. 3, only in extinction trials. Distilled water 1cc/kg S. C. was injected to the control Ss. Several indices of suppressant effects were used: number of bar-pressing re sponse, and crouching, and amount of defecation. Main results are as follows: 1) Of the control (no drug) Ss both CER and punish ment Ss were suppressed in terms of the output of lever responses during the click period. In addition, however, CER Ss showed fear reactions such as crouching and defecation, and indicated a severe emotional disturbances. The punished Ss did not show any such reactions except when they were actually shocked. 2) Reserpine blocked the formation of CER (Exp. 1) and facilitated the extinc tion of the CER (Exp. 3). But reserpine seemed to have a little effect on the CER when it was to be established (Exp. 2). While reserpine had no effect in punish ment. 3) From these results, the CER condi tioning and electric shock punishment seemed to have some different aspects in their intercurrent conditioned fear. 4) The control CER Ss showed greater resistance to extinction than the control punished Ss. Moreover the former Ss failed to show extinction even in the following ten extinction trials. The results were dis cussed in relation to the previous studies.

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