J Meikai Dent Med 36 2, , Multi-Dimensional Computed Tomography Multi-Dimensional Computed Tomography MDCT RANDO µsv

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1 J Meikai Dent Med 36 2, , Multi-Dimensional Computed Tomography Multi-Dimensional Computed Tomography MDCT RANDO µsv µsv µsv µsv µsv µsv µsv µsv µsv µsv µsv µsv µsv µsv µsv µsv µsv µsv µsv µsv 3 1/7 1/9 MDCT 4 MDCT MDCT Multi-Dimensional Computed Tomography MDCT TLD

2 188 36, 2007 Investigation of Radiation Exposure Dosage by Examination of Upper and Lower Jaws Using Multi-Dimensional Computed Tomography Kazumi IZAWA, Kenichi ISHII, Tomonori OZAWA, Hisashi INNAMI, Reira OYAKE, Kouhei SUZUKI, Masayoshi WATANABE and Yasuhiko OKUMURA Division of Dental Radiology, Department of Diagnostic & Therapeutic Sciences, Meikai University School of Dentistry Abstract : We measured exposure dose employing RANDO Phantom at the upper and lower jaw involving simultaneous Multi-Dimensional Computed Tomography MDCT X-ray photography in areas of interest. Usage and efficacy of protective aprons were also examined. The following results were obtained : 1 Imaging excluding the orbital cavity. Upon completion of imaging excluding the orbital cavity, it was the right submandibular gland demonstrated the largest exposure dose of µsv, followed by the left parotid gland µsv, the right parotid gland µsv, theright skin µsv and the left submandibular gland µsv without the protector. It was the right submandibular gland demonstrated the largest exposure dose of µsv, followed by the left parotid gland µsv, theright parotid gland µsv, theright skin µsv and the left skin µsv with the protector. When the protector was worn, internal organs located below the mammary gland exhibited lower exposure doses. 2 Imaging including the orbital cavity. Upon completion of imaging including the orbital cavity, it was the left lens demonstrated the greatest exposure dose of µsv, followed by the right submandibular gland µsv, theleft parotid gland µsv the right parotid gland µsv and the right skin µsv without the protector. It was the left lens demonstrated the greatest exposure dose of µsv, followed by the right submandibular gland µsv, theleftparotid gland µsv, theright parotid gland µsv and the right skin µsv with the protector. When the protector was worn, internal organs located below the mammary gland displayed lower exposure doses. 3 Imaging excluding the orbital cavity was characterized by reduced exposure dosage of both the left and right lenses 1/7 1/9 in comparison to that imaging which included the orbital cavity. Therefore, unless absolutely necessary, the orbital cavity should be avoided upon application of MDCT to the dental region. 4 These results suggest that a correctly positioned protective apron is effective with respect to reducing exposure dose during MDCT. Key words : absorbed dose measurement, multi-dimensional computed tomography MDCT, thermoluminescent dosimeter TLD, protective apron Röntgen Multi-Dimensional Computed Tomography MDCT

MDCT 189 1 10 1 10 Computed Tomography CT CT United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation UNSCEAR 2000 11 CT 2 CT 3.

3 MDCT Computed Tomography CT CT United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation UNSCEAR CT 2 CT 3.2 7, , 18, 19 6 MDCT MDCT 18, 19 MDCT , dimension 3 D 19, , 18 MDCT 1 CT SOMA- TOM Emotion 6 SIEMENS, München, Germany SOMATOM Fig 1 6 MDCT RANDO Alderson, New York, NY, USA Fig cm 1, Harshow Chemical, Wermelskirchen, Germany 3000 Fig 3 Thermoluminescent Dosimetor TLD MSO-S Fig 1 SOMATOM Emotion 6.

4 190 36, 2007 Fig 4 MSO-S. Fig 2 RANDO Phantom. Fig 5 mdh-9015c. Fig 3 TLD Reader System Mg2SiO4 :Tb,Fig 4 TLD mdh-9015c Radcal, Monrovia, CA, USA mdh Fig 5 UDP 25 L 0.25 mmpb UDP Fig TLD TLD mdh

MDCT 191 Fig 7 RANDO PHANTOM set on SOMATOM Emotion 6.

Excluding the orbital cavity 130 kv 60 mas 18.1 s 25.

5 MDCT 191 Fig 7 RANDO PHANTOM set on SOMATOM Emotion 6. Fig 6 UDP 25 L. Table 1 Imaging Parameter by SOMATOM Emotion 6. Voltage Current Exposure Time Including the orbital cavity Excluding the orbital cavity 130 kv 60 mas 18.1 s s 1mm Table UDP 4 Fig 8 RANDO PHANTOM set on SOMATOM Emotion 6 with the Protector. 3 SOMATOM CT Fig 7 UDP Fig 8 19 TLD

6 192 36, 2007 Fig 9 tape. a a, TLD set in the hole of RANDO Phantom. b, TLD set on surface of the skin of RANDO Phantom by the adhesive b 1 CT Fig 9a Fig 9b TLD , mdh 3000 Fig Fig µsv µsv µsv µsv µsv µsv µsv µsv µsv µsv Fig 10 Characteristic line of TLD. 2 Fig µsv µsv µsv µsv µsv µsv µsv µsv µsv µsv

7 MDCT 193 Fig 11 Maximum absorbed dose when excluding the orbital cavity by SOMATOM Emotion 6. Fig 12 Maximum absorbed dose when including the orbital cavity by SOMATOM Emotion µsv µsv 1/ µsv µsv 1/ µsv µsv 1/

8 194 36, 2007 µsv µsv 1/7 Röntgen 1895 CT MRI MDCT 18 MDCT CT CT 3 D 18, 19 Posterio- Anterior PA 3D 18, 24 3D UNSCEAR CT CT 12 14, 18, 19 6 MDCT CT 18, 19 3D MDCT International Commission on Radiological Protection ICRP 3 10 MDCT msv 1.6 msv 2/3 1.8 msv 0.3 msv man Sv 117 man Sv ICRP Pub 60 3 MDCT 25, MDCT

9 MDCT TLD TLD 18, 19, 24, TLD MSO-S Mg2SiO4 :Tb TLD 19 TLD mdh ICRP Pub MDCT ICRP Pub Gy 0.4 Gy Gy 2Gy Gy 0.2 Gy 21, , 22 21, MDCT MDCT 18, 19 34, mgy mgy mgy mgy mgy 19 CT 8.5 mgy 9.4 mgy MDCT

10 196 36, /7 1/9 3, 24, TLD TLD mas MDCT SOMATOM /7 1/9 MDCT 4 MDCT MDCT X CT 29, , 1989 Rosenberg HM and Graczyk RJ : Temporomandibular articulation tomography A corrected anteroposerior and laterel cephalometric tecnique. OralSurgOral Med Oral Pathol 62, , 1986 ICRP : ICRP publication

11 MDCT ICRP : ICRP publication ICRP : ICRP publication ICRP : ICRP publication ICRP : ICRP publication ICRP : ICRP publication ICRP : ICRP publication 87. CT 2004 ICRP : ICRP publication 92 RBE Q WR 2005 UNSCEAR X , , 1998 X 43, 65 69, 2003 X , , , 9 21, 2002 Aroua A, Buchillier-Decka I, Dula K, Nedjadi Y, Perrer M, Vader JP and Valley JF : Radiation exposure in dental radiology : a 1998 nationwide survey in Switzerland. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 33, , 2004 Brugmans M, Buijs WC, Geleijns J and Lembrechts J : Population exposure to diagnostic use of ionizing radiation in the Netherlands. Health Phys 82, , 2002 CT 80, , 2006 CT 40, , 2000 European Commission : European guidelines on radiation protection in dental radiology : The safe use of radiographs in dental practice. Radiation Protection 136. European Communities, Luxembourg, , 26 29, , 20 22, , , , 64 67, 2003 The Ionising Radiation protection of persons undergoing medical examination or treatment Regulations HMSO, London, , , Berge TI and Wohni T : Absorbed doses to discrete organs of the head and neck from four maxillary occlusal projections. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 10, 77 84, 1981 Stenstrom B, Julin P and Richter S : Comparison between panoramic radiographic techniques. Part. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 11, , 1982 Bartolotta A, Calenda E, Calicchia A and Indovina PL : Dental orthopantomography : survey of patient dose. Radiology 146, , 1983 Bankvall G, Engström H, Engström C and Hollender L : Absorbed doses in the claniofacial region during various radiographic and radiotherapeutic procedures. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 14, 19 24, 1985 Nilsson L, Rohlin M and Thapper K : Exposure distribution, absorbed doses, and energy imparted for panoramic radiography using Orthopantomograph model OP 5. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 59, , 1985 Shorten DL, Farman AG, George DI Jr, Sharma S and Wilson D: Radiation exposure to critical structures during transfacial and transcranial TMJ radiography. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 14, 93 96, 1985 Ponce AZ, McDavid WD, Lundeen RC and Morris CR : Adaptation of the Panorex for use with rare earth screen-film combinations. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 61, , 1986 CT 7, 29 36, 1994 X CT 23, 49 56, , , 1998 RANDO 12, ,

明海大学歯学雑誌　４４‐２☆／４．渡辺

明海大学歯学雑誌　４４‐２☆／４．渡辺 J Meikai Dent Med 44 2, 157 167, 2015 157 Quality Assurance IAEA 18 DAP Rando Phantom MSO-S TLD DAP 1 72.9 324 3.53 225 μsv/ cgy cm 2 1 1.4 msv, 0.3 msv 1.5mSv,0.02mSv Quality Assurance in the Dental Radiology