Research Status and Unsolved Problems in Rusting of Iron and Steels* Toshihei Misawa** **Department of Metallurgical Engineering, Muroran Institute of

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1 Research Status and Unsolved Problems in Rusting of Iron and Steels* Toshihei Misawa** **Department of Metallurgical Engineering, Muroran Institute of Technology Keywords: Rust, Rust layer, Atmospheric rusting, Corrosion product, Iron oxides, Iron oxyhydroxides, Weathering steel.

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10 2) T. Misawa, W. Suetaka & S. Shimodaira: Bull. Chem. Soc. Japan, 42, 3339 (1969). 6) T. Misawa, T. Kyuno, W. Suetaka & S. Shimodaira: Corros. Sci. 11, 35 (1971). 7) T. Misawa, K. Hashimoto, W. Suetaka & S. Shimodaira: J. Inorg. Nuci. Chem., 35, 4159 (1973). 8) T. Misawa, K. Hashimoto & S. Shimodaira: ibid., 35, 4167 (1973). 9) K. Hashimoto & T. Misawa: Corros. Sci., 13, 229 (1973). 10) T. Misawa: ibid., 13, 659 (1973). 11) T. Misawa, K. Hashimoto & S. Shimodaira: ibid., 14, 131 (1974). 12) T. Misawa, K. Asami, K. Hashimoto & S. Shimodaira: ibid., 14, 279 (1974). 15) A. L. Mackay: "Reactivity of Solids," Ed, by J. H. De Boer et at., p. 571, Elsevier (1961).

11 18, 591(1978);19, 379 (1979); 20, 873 (1980). 46) J. Kassim, T. Baird & J. R. Fryer: Corros. Sc., 22, 147 (1982). 47) C. P. Larrabee & S. K. Coburn: "Proc. 1st. 24) U. R. Evans: "The Corrosion and Oxidation Int. Congress on Metallic Corrosion," p. 276, of Metals", p. 118, Edward Arnold (1960). Butterworth (1961). 48) U. R. Evans: Corros. Sc., 9, 813 (1969); U. R. Evans & C. A. J. Taylor: ibid., 12, 227 (1972). 50) J. T. Keiser, C. W. Brown & R. H. Heidersbach: Corrosion, 38, 357 (1982). 28) M. Pourbaix: "Atlas of Electrochemical Equilibrium in Aqueous Solutions", Pergamon bach: J. Electrochem. Soc., 129, 2686 (1982). 51) J. T. Keiser, C. W. Brown & R. H. Heider- Press (1966). 52) J. T. Keiser, C. W. Brown & R. H. Heiderbach: 29) L. G. M. Bass Becking, I. R. Kaplan & D. Corros. Sci., 23, 251 (1983). Moore: J. Geology, 68, 243 (1960). 53) K. A. Chandler & J. E. Stanners: Proc. 2nd. Int. Congress on Metallic Corrosion, p. 325, 31) J. Detournay, L. Miranda, R. Derie & M. Ghodsi: Corros. Sci., 15, 295 (1975). 32) D. C. Silverman: Corrosion, 38, 453 (1982). 33) L. G. Sillen: "Stability Constants of Metal- Ion Complexes", The Chemical Society, London (1964). 34) R. M. Garreles and C. L. Christ: "Solutions, Minerals and Equilibria", Harper & Row (1965). (1974). 63) K. Goto, H. Tamura & M. Nagayama: Inorg. Chem., 9, 963 (1970). 64) H. Tamura, E. Matijevic & L. Meites: J. Colloid Interface Sci., 92, 303 (1983). 39) E. Deiss & G. Schikorr: Z. Anorg. Aug. Chem., 172, 32 (1928); (1930). J. Phys. Soc. Japan, 4, 270 (1949). 41) R. Abe: J. Phys. Soc. Japan, 6: 345 (1951). 43) J. D. Bernal, D. R. Dasgupta & A. L, Mackay: Nature, 180, 645 (1957); Clay Minerals Bull., 4, 15 (1959). (1976);18, 591(1978); 19, 151, 379 (1979); 20, 873, 1251 (1980); 21, 265, 639 (1981); 22, 147 (1982); 23, 251 (1983); Werkstoffe Korrosion, 26, 624 (1975); 29, 106, 188, 199, 792 (1978); 74) M. Pourbaix, A. Pourbaix & X. Z. Yang: "Chemical Aspects of Denting in Steam 30, 482 (1979); 31, 455, 703 (1980); 32, 113, 382 (1981); 34, 78 (1983); Corrosion, 35, 451(1979); 36, 345 (1980); 38, 98, 206, 212, 357 (1982). 45) B. McEnaney & D. C. Smith: Corros. Sci., NACE (1963). 54) H. Schwarz: Werkstoffe Korrosion, 16, 93, 208 (1965); 23, 648 (1972). 55) J. E. 0. Mayne: J. App!. Chem., 9, 673 (1959). 57) L. Tomlinson: Corrosion, 37, 591 (1981). 58) G. Keller: Thesis, Bern, (1948). 60) M. Kiyama: Bull. Chem. Soc. Japan, 47, 1646 Generators", EPRI NP-2177, Project , Final Report, (December 1981).

Application of Solid Electrolyte Sensors to Hot Corrosion Studies Nobuo Otsuka* *Iron & Steel Research Laboratories, Sumitomo Metal Industries, Ltd. C

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