(1} : èc 19 (1934), 980, 20 (1935), 657, 22 (1937), 17. (2) J. A. Welber : Trans. Amer. Soc. Metals, (1938), 515. (3) F. K. Naumann : Stahl u. Eisen,
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1 Itusaku Naito: On the Mechanism of Decarburization of Iron and Steel. The mechanism of the decarburization of steel and cast iron was studied in the following three cases. 1. Steel of, the austenitic structure : The distribution of carbon concentration was observed for commercial pure steel decarburized at a temperature above 900. The diffusion coefficient of carbon in gamma iron was determined by the Fick's method, and the activation heat of diffusion independent of the decarburizing temperature was obtained by Langmuir and Dushman's equation. 2. White cast iron of the mixed structure of austenite and cementite : An irregular carbon distribution in white cast iron after decarburization was clearly explained by the diffusion theory of carbon using the above determined diffusion coefficient of carbon in gamma iron. 3. Steel gave alpha iron bands on its surface : When steel was decarburized at a temperature below 900, alpha iron bands appeared clearly on its surface. This phenomenon was explained by the diffusion theory of carbon and the activation heat of diffusion was calculated for alpha iron in the same way as for gamma iron and was found to be independent of decarburizing temperature and decarburizing method. From thepresent study, it seems that the decarburization occurs by the following mechanism ; in the surface of steel or cast iron the carbon content decreases down to zero to take an equilibrium with surrounding gas; if the composition of gas is in proper condition, the carbon diffuses in atomic state from interior to the surface, not only in austenite but also in alpha iron, and then it reacts with oxidizing gas. (Received October 12, 19401
2 (1} : èc 19 (1934), 980, 20 (1935), 657, 22 (1937), 17. (2) J. A. Welber : Trans. Amer. Soc. Metals, (1938), 515. (3) F. K. Naumann : Stahl u. Eisen, 12 (1937), 889. (4) Wust, Hatfield: "Cast iron in the light of recent research" (1928),254. (5) D. H. Rowland, C. Upthegrove: Trans. Amer. Soc. Metals, (1936), 96. (6) C. Wagner: Arch. Eisenhiittenwes., 11 (1938), 449.
3 Table 1 Diffusion Data, Carbon in Gamma Iron. Fig. 1 Distribution of Carbon below Surface, Decarburized at 1,100. Fig. 2 Distribution of Carbon below Surface, Decarburized at 1,050. Fig. 3 Distribution of Carbon below Surface, Decarburized at 1,000. Fig. 5 Distribution of Carbon below Surface, Decarburized at 900. Fig. 4 Distribution of Carbon below Surface, Decarburized at 950. Fig. 6 Diffusion Coefficient against Temperature. (8) Bramley & Jinkings: J. Iron & Steel Inst. Carnegie Scol. Mem., (1926), 30. (9) Paschke u. Hauttman: Arch. Eisenhuttenwes., 9 (1935), 305. (10) Bradley : Trans. Faraday Soc., 33 (1937), (11) Eyring : J. Chem. Phys., 4 (1936), 283. (12) Langmuir & Dushman: Phys, Rev., 20(1922),113,
4 Fig. 7 Du (Logarithmic scale) versus 1/T. Fig. 8 Distribution of Carbon below Surface; Decarburized White Cast Iron at 950. Fig. 9 Relation between;distribution of Carbon and the Iron-Carbon Equilibrium Diagram. i
5 Fig. 10 Thickness of Decarburized Zone of White Cast Iron, Decarburized at 950. Fig. I I Distribution of Carbon in Decarburized Zone of White Cast Iron.
6 Fig. 14 Relation of the Width of Alpha Iron Band to Time at 860. Fig. 15 Effect of Temperature on Width of Alpha Iron Band. Fig. 12 Relataion of the Width of Alpha Iron Band to Time at 760'. Fig. 16 Relation between Distribution of Carbon and Initial Carbon Content. Fig. 13 Relation of the Width of Alpha Iron Band to Time at 810. (15) D. H. Rowland & C. Upthegrove : IN (16) W. D. Jones : J. Iron & Steel Inst., 2 (1934), 42y
7 第1號 鐵 鋼 の 晩 炭 機 構 に 就 て Photo. No. 2 Specimen 21 b. Hours st 1 Decarburized Part Decarburized 34 Decarburized 760. No. 3 of White Hours Specimen at Cast Iron 950. ~ 50. c. Decarburized Hours No No. Specimen 20 Hours b. Decarburized at No. Specimen 21 Hours 5 Specimen 7 Hours a. at Decarburized 760. b. Decarburized at Photo. X,Y,Zな at 31 2 Alpha る三 つ の場 合 を生 ず る こ とに な る.即 ちXは 最初 の炭 素 量 が その 脱 炭温 度 に於 け るA3點 Iron Band. ~ 50. 次 に 然 ら ば この α鐵 内 の 炭 素 の 輸 送 は 如 何 な る機 構 に よ り遙 に 高 い場 合 で あつ て,こ の 際 に は 圖 の 如 くオ ー ステ ナ イ トの よつ て 行 は れ る か と云 ふ こ と に な る.低 温脱炭 による α 鐵 暦 の 發 達 に 關 す る 實 験 的 事 實 は 相 當 古 くか ら認 め ら れ 部分 に も炭 素 濃 度 勾 配が あ る ので.オー ステ ナ イ ト内に も て 居 るが そ の 成 因 に關 して は 今 日 ま だ 定 説 が な い.古 炭素 擴 散 は生 じ且 つ α鐵 内 に も炭 素 の輸 途 が 起 き る こ と Stead(171, Austin(18)以 に な る.Yの 浩 失 面 が 表 面 か ら次 第 に 深 部 に 進 む もの と 漠 然 と考 へ ら 場 合 の如 く最 初 の 含 炭 量がA3點 の附近 に く 來 脆 炭 性 瓦 斯 の 侵 入 に よ り炭 素 の あ る場 合 に は オー ス テ ナ イ ト内 に は 炭素 の濃 度 勾 配 な く れ て 來 て 居 た が,近 時Rowland(19)&Upthegroveは 瓦 從 つ てそ のト の 炭 素擴 散 も 考 へ る 必 要 が な い,脱 炭 はa 斯 侵 入 説 の 矛 盾 を認 め 酸 素 の 擴 散 説 を 述 べ て 居 る.然 る 鐵 内 の み の炭 素 の 輸 送 に よ つ て 進 行 す る.又Zの 炭 素 量がA3點 よ り低 い 場 合 は オー ステ ナ イ トとa 如く と にYensen(20), Sims(21}等 は こ れ 等 の 詮 に 反 對 し炭 素 の 消 失 面 は 當 に鋼 の 表 面 で あつ て深 部 の 炭 素 は α 内 を擴 混在 す る もの が 脆 炭 され るの で あ る が,こ の 際 は 前 節 の 散 して 表 面 に輸 逸 され た もの と述 べ て居 る.な ほ そ の他 オー ス テ ナ イrと セ メン タイ トと混 在 す る場 合 と同様 な に セ メン タ イ トの 分 子 の 移動 に よる と考 へ る者 もあ るが ことに な り嚴 格 に は 二 相 が 一面 で 境 され る こ とに は な ら 著 者 は上 記 の實 験 結 果 を吟 味 しYensen等 な いが,A3點 上 の オ ー ステ ナ イ トが 炭 素 を失 つ て α鐵 に 内 の 炭 素擴 散 が 少 くと もこの機 構 の主 因 となつ て居 る こ な る變 化 が速 で あれ ばa鐵 と を知 り得 た の で あ る. 暦 は順 次 そ の 境 界 面 の オ ー ステ ナ イrを 消 失 す るに あ らざれ ば それ よ り深 部 の炭 素 を奪 ふ こ とは 出 來 ぬ の で 大 體 前 のYの と同 様 僕鐵 Welber(22)の 如 くオ ー ステ ナ イ トの 炭 素 原子 擴 散 説 に 場 合 と同 様 最 初 同意 して 居 る人 で も α鐵 析 出 の 場 合 に は これ に 同意 し の状 態 の ま ゝ表 面 の方 か ら順 次 α鐵 に變 りその 境 界 は明 兼 ね て居 るの はた ゞ α鐵 の炭 素 固 溶 量 が 甚 だ 少い こと か に 示 され る ことarcなる.こ の こ とは實 測 上 明 か に見 ら に原 因 して居 るの で あ る.然 しa 内の炭 素 輸 送量の れ る こ とTあ つ て,今 α鐵 とオ ー ス テ ナ イ トの 混 在 部 を a鐡 の み の部 分 に勤 し他 の 一 相 の 如 く考 へ る こ とが 出來 る. (17) (18) Austin : J. Iron & Steel, 1 (1922), 93. (19) D. H. RowlanA C. Upthegrove: JR#4. (20) (21) T. D. Yensen C. E. Sims. (19) Discussion.
8 a Fig. 17 Relation between Distribution of Carbon and the Iron-Carbon Equilibrium Diagram. (22) J. A. Welber: OŒf. (23) -) : o Ft, 3 (1926), 119. (24) AM: JA D 3C, 6 (11929), (25) W. Seith: "Diffusion in Metallen", (1939), 38. (26) F. N. Rhines & C. Wells: Trans. Amer. Soc. Metals, 27 (1939), 625.
9 Fig. 1S Solubility Curve of Carbon in Alpha Iron. Table 2 A3 Transformation Points of Specimens. (34) D. H. Rowland & C. Upthegrove
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