欧州における空港会社の戦略展開 : 複数一括運営の推進を中心として

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1 Kwansei Gakuin University Rep Title Author(s) 欧州における空港会社の戦略展開 : 複数一括運営の推進を中心として Nomura, Munenori, 野村, 宗訓 Citation 経済学論究, 63(1): Issue Date URL Right

2 Active Strategies of Airport Companies in Europe: Focusing on the Integrated Operation of Multiple Airports Beginning in the 1980 s, deregulation of the airline industry has been accompanied by regulatory reform in the airport industry. Airports that were operated by governments in the past have been transformed into private companies by selling shares or contracting-out of airport operating services. In the countries that have promoted privatization, such as the U.K. and Germany, ownership of some airports has been taken over by construction firms or investment funds. On the contrary, in France, Spain and the Netherlands, airports still remain state-owned companies. The management of privatized companies are often criticized because the owner has no definitive vision for the future. However, if multiple airports could co-operate each other, and become integrated, passengers would see benefits in terms of improved routes and timetables. Integrated operation of airports would effectively re-vitalize regional airports faced with possible closures. In this paper, firstly, the facts of ranking for the top twenty airports in the world will be presented. Secondly, the status quo of integrated operation for the top five airports in Europe and their international activities will be introduced. Thirdly, the methods of integrated management used by operators and owners in the U.K. will be investigated. Finally some implications of regulatory reform in reference to airport policies will be discussed. JEL L93 Key words airport policy, privatization, integrated operation, ownership, Low Cost Carriers 119

3 I 1 1) ) 120

4 BAA Aéroports de Paris ADP Fraport Aeropuertos Españoles y Navegación Aérea AENASchiphol Group 3 5 BAA 7 ADP 14 Fraport 3 AENA 47 Schiphol Group BAA ADP 2 Fraport 8 AENA Schiphol Group 7 4 2) 2 LCC Low Cost Carriers LCC 3) LCC 2) 20 3) LCC ANA [2008] 5 [2006] 8 121

6 3 European Low Fares Airline Association ELFAA clickair/ easyjet/ Flybe/ Jet2.com/ Myair.com/ Norwegian/ Ryanair/ Sky Europe/ Sterling/ Sverige Flyg/ transavia.com/ Wizz Air 12 4 LCC easyjet Ryanair 123

7 63 1 Ryanair 1 4 European Low Fares Airline Association 12 LCC LCC 4) LCC 5 LCC LCC 90% 80% 4) [2006]

8 5 LCC LCC 5 BAA Fraport AENA Schiphol Group

9 63 1 BAA 2006 Ferrovial Fraport ADP Schiphol Group 70% AENA Ministry of Transports and Infrastructures AENA ADP Schiphol Group ) 2004 KLM 12 8% ADP Schiphol Group 3 5) ADP and Schiphol Group [2008]. 126

10 BAA 4 127

11 63 1 AENA Aena Internacional 5 7 BAA Ferrovial 6) ADP AENA ADP Servicios de Tecnología Aeroportuaria 25.5% AENA Aeropuertos Mexicanos del Pacifico 33.33% 7) Servicios de Tecnología Aeroportuaria 16.7% OMA OMA 13 Aeropuertos Mexicanos del Pacifico 17.3% Grupo Aeroporutuario del Pacifico 12 8) II 1 BAA 1986 Airports Act ) BAA 7) ) AENA, Annual Report

13 63 1 Civil Aviation Authority CAA % 10 80% 9) 2 Manchester Airports Group MAGPeel Airports Peel Highlands and Islands Airports Ltd. HIAL MAG Peel HIAL 3 2 BAA 10) BAA British Airports Authority Office of Fair Trading Competition Commission 3 11) BAA 9) 10) [2009] 11) Competition Commission [2009] 130

14 8 131

16 133

18 9 10 BAA Ferrovial 1 135

19 MAG BAA 3 Fraport 4 BAA 20 Ferrovial 2006 BAA 100 Ferrovial BAA 3 MAG MAG MAG MAG 82.7% 17.3% MAG 2 MAG 4 136

20 BAA 2 12) MAG , MAG BAA Peel 13) Peel 2005 Peel Group MAG 8 Peel ) BAA MAG the UK s largest British-owned airport operator 13) [2009] 137

21 Peel 2003 European Investment Bank 5, ,000 10,000 Peel ) HIAL 2 F 3 HIAL 15) HIAL 16) 1986 CAA 95 Secretary of State for Scotland Scottish Ministers1990 HIAL 1 14) 8 City Airport Manchester 15) [2008] 16) British Airways HIAL 138

22 catalyst 5 Inverness Airport Business Park Limited HIAL % HIAL 11 HIAL 17) economic and social fabric a pivotal role HIAL 17) Aer Arann Atlantic Airways British Airways Eastern Airways easyjet Flybe Highlands Airways Loganair Ryanair British Airways Loganair bmi Discover Jersey Falcon Newmarket Holidays Thomson 139

23 HIAL 18) HIAL 19) 4 BAA 18) Snowflake ScotAirwaysHIAL Lufthansa Ryanair Wizz Air Maslen [2008] p ) HIAL [2008] 140

24 BAA 3 2 CAA oneworld Star Alliance SkyTeam 3 20) 3 SkyTeam KLM ADP Schiphol Group ) ANA [2008] 4 141

25 63 1 LCC LCC AENA, Annual Report Aéroports de Paris [2007], Registration Document. Aéroports de Paris and Schiphol Group [2008], Aeroports de Paris and Schiphol Group to create a leading global alliance in the airport industry. Civil Aviation Authority [2005], UK Regional Air Services. Civil Aviation Authority [2007], Air Services at UK Regional Airports. Competition Commission [2008], BAA Market Investigation: Provisional decisions on sale of three airports and other remedies to competition problems. 142

26 Competition Commission [2009], BAA airports market investigation: A report on the supply of airport services by BAA in the UK. European Low Fares Airline Association [2004], Liberalisation of European Air Transport: The Benefits of Low Fares Airlines to Consumers, Airports, Regions and the Environment. Fraport A.G. [2008], Annual Report Highlands and Islands Airports Limited [2008], Annual Report and Group Accounts 2007/2008. Maslen, R. [2008], The Highland Gateway, Airports of the World. Robin Hood Airport, Background Information. Schiphol Group [2007], Annual Report ANA [2008] [2009a] BAA 69 1 [2009b] 60 3 [2008] 2008 [2008] LCC HIAL [2009] BAA KANSAI No.363 [2006] 143

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