1 Table 1 Arrangement of location tracking methods LAN RFID Create Connection Command Remote Name Request Command Remote Name Request Command Bluetoot

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1 マルチメディア, 分散, 協調とモバイル (DICOMO2008) シンポジウム平成 20 年 7 月 Bluetooth , 5 Bluetooth Bluetooth Bluetooth Inquiry Command MAC Remote Name Request Command Bluetooth Bluetooth A consideration of detecting Bluetooth devices Ismail Arai, 1 Takahiro Hirofuchi, 2 Kazutoshi Fujikawa, 3 Nobuhiko Nishio 4 and Hideki Sunahara 3, 5 Taking advantage of spreadness and cost effectiveness of Bluetooth technologies, we apply it to context-aware services. Some ordinary Bluetooth devices that users have would not reply to an Inquiry Command. Also, there is a Remote Name Request Command which offer the Bluetooth devices to reply their names. This command force all devices to reply though the response is slower. In this paper, we describe the effectiveness of Bluetooth device detection by evaluating response time from ordinary Bluetooth devices. 1. Web 1 The Research Organization of Science and Engineering, Ritsumeikan University 2 Information Technology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology 3 Graduate School of Information Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology 4 Department of Computer Science, Ritsumeikan University 5 Graduate School of Media Design, Keio University RFID (Radio Frequency IDentification) RFID RFID Bluetooth RFID Bluetooth Inquiry Command Inquiry Command MAC 1504

2 1 Table 1 Arrangement of location tracking methods LAN RFID Create Connection Command Remote Name Request Command Remote Name Request Command Bluetooth Inquiry Command Remote Name Request Command Bluetooth Inquiry Command Create Connection Command Remote Name Request Command 2 Bluetooth 3 Bluetooth Active Bat 1) 3 3cm ALTAIR 2) LAN 3 PlaceLab 3) Locky 5) Place Engine 4) 10m LAN LAN 2.4GHz Bluetooth PC Madhavapeddy 6) LAN Bluetooth 3 RFID RFID 7) 9) Active Bat ALTAIR 1 LAN 1505

3 RFID Bluetooth Bluetooth RFID 3. Bluetooth Bluetooth Inquiry Command Inquiry Command Bluetooth Oneril 10) Wireless Rope 11) Bluetooth Inquiry Command MAC Inquiry Command Bluetooth PC PDA Create Connection Command Bluetooth MAC ACL(Asynchronous Conectionoriented) Inquiry Com- Table 2 2 Specification of the experiment PC 1 CPU: 1.2GHz, Mem: 1GB, linux , BlueZ 3.30 PC(1) 4 CPU: 1.2GHz, Mem: 1GB, windows XP PC(2) 7 CPU: GHz, Mem:1 2GB, windows Vista PC(3) 2 CPU: 2.2, 2.6GHz, Mem: 2, 4GB, Mac OS X Panasonic P902i 1 Plantronics M2500 mand Inquiry Command Remote Name Request Command Inquiry Command MAC Bluetooth MAC Bluetooth Inquiry Command Inquiry Command Remote Name Request Command Bluetooth 4. 2 PC 3 PC Bluetooth CSR (Core 1506

4 % % )" (" 012"34/1" "578819:78" #$%&',-." $ $ #$%&',-.! '" &" %" $" $" %" &" '" (" )" *" +" $ $$" $%" $&" $'" $ $(" $)" $*" $+" % $" %" &" '" (" )" *" +" # # #$" #%" #&" #'" #(" #)" #*" #+" $ ()',/." ()',/." 1 Remote Name Request Command ( ) Fig. 1 Average response time for Remote Name Request Command (mobile phole) 3 Fig. 3 Remote Name Request Command ( PC) Average response time for Remote Name Request Command (Laptop PC) #$%&',-.! # +" *" )" (" '" &" %" $" 2 Fig. 2 $" %" &" '" (" )" *" +" # # #$" #%" #&" #'" #(" #)" #*" #+" $ ()',/." Remote Name Request Command ( ) Average response time for Remote Name Request Command (Head set) Solution Research) PC Linux Bluetooth BlueZ 1 Inquiry Command Remote Name Request Command 4.1 Inquiry Command PC 3 1m 20m 1m Remote Name Request Command Create Connection Command PC 10 1 Inquiry Command Bluetooth 10m 100m 10m 13m m VoiP 3 PC 20m 6 PC Create Connection Command Remote Name Request Command Remote Name Request Command Create Connection Com- 1507

5 ,-./012" #$%! '$" ' ' &" %" $" '" (" $" )" %" *" &" +" ' ''" ' '(" '$" ')" '%" '*" '&" '+" #,-./01289:-;<=! 4 Inquiry Command Fig. 4 Numbers of response for Inquiry Command mand Create Connection Command Bluetooth Inquiry Command Create Connection Command 4.2 Inquiry Command 2 Inquiry Command 13 Bluetooth PC 1 Inquiry Command Inquiry Command Bluetooth HCI Inqury Inquiry Length Inquiry Length Inquiry Length N N x 1.28 Inquiry Length Inquiry Command 4 13 PC Inquiry Length 3 13 Inquiry Length Bluetooth Inquiry Length Inquiry Command Bluetooth 5. Bluetooth Inquiry Command Remote Name Request Command Request Name Request Command Inquiry Command 1) Addlesee, M., Curwen, R. W., Hodges, S., Newman, J., Steggles, P., Ward, A. and Hopper, A.: Implementing a sentient computing system, Computer, Vol. 34, No. 8, pp (2001). 2) Sakata, M., Yasumuro, Y., Imura, M., Manabe, Y. and Chihara, K.: ALTAIR: Automatic Location Tracking System using Active IR-tag, IEEE Conference on Multisensor Fusion and Integration for Intelligent Systems (MFI2003), pp (2003). 3) Schilit, B.N., LaMarca, A., Borriello, G., Griswold, W.G., McDonald, D., Lazowska, E., Balachandran, A., Hong, J. and Irverson, V.: Challenge: Ubiquitous Location-Aware Computing and the Place LabÏnitiative, First ACM International Workshop of Wireless Mobile Applications and Services on WLAN (WMASH 03) (2003). 4) PlaceEngine: WiFi 2006 pp (2006). 5) LAN Locky.jp (DICOMO2006) pp (2006). 6) Madhavapeddy, A. and Tse, A.: A Study of Bluetooth Propagation Using Accurate Indoor Location Mapping, UbiComp 2005, LNCS, Vol.2660, pp (2005). 7) RFID 00-HI-88 pp (2000). 1508

6 8) ActiveRFID NS pp (2004). 9) Vol.72, No.4, pp (2005). 10) O Neil, E., Kostakos, V., Kindberg, T., Schiek, A.F., Penn, A., Fraser, D.S. and Jones, T.: Instrumenting the city: developing methods for observing and understanding the digital cityscape, Ubicomp 2006, LNCS, Vol.4206, pp (2006). 11) Nicolai, T., Behrens, N. and Yoneki, E.: Wireless Rope: Experiment in Social Proximity Sensing with Bluetooth, Demenstration at Fourth Annual IEEE International Conference (PerCom 2006) (2006). 1509

6_27.dvi

6_27.dvi Vol. 49 No. 6 1932 1941 (June 2008) RFID 1 2 RFID RFID RFID 13.56 MHz RFID A Experimental Study for Measuring Human Activities in A Bathroom Using RFID Ryo Onishi 1 and Shigeyuki Hirai 2 A bathroom is