. VOCA (Voce Output Communcaton Ads) [], [] [] [] GloveTalkII [] F/F [] [] [8] [9], [0] HMM ) ).. m a m n b n. Stylanou [] a bz=[a, b] (Gaussan Mxture
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1 THE INSTITUTE OF ELECTRONICS, INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERS TECHNICAL REPORT OF IEICE E-mal: {kunkosh,qao,mne,hrose}@gavo.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp Nasal sound generaton and ptch control for the real- hand to speech system A. KUNIKOSHI, Y. QIAO, N. MINEMATSU, and K. HIROSE Grad. School of Eng., The Unv. of Tokyo, -- Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo -8, Japan Grad. School of Info. Sc. and Tech., The Unv. of Tokyo, -- Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo -00 E-mal: {kunkosh,qao,mne,hrose}@gavo.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp Abstract When ndvduals wth speakng dsabltes, dysarthrcs, try to communcate usng speech, they often have to use speech syntheszers whch requre them to type word symbols or sound symbols. Ths nput method often makes real operatons dffcult and dysarthrc users fal to control the flow of conversaton. In ths study, we are developng a new and novel speech syntheszer where not symbol nputs but hand motons are used to generate speech. In recent years, statstcal voce converson technques have been proposed based on space mappng between gven parallel data sequences. By applyng these methods, a hand space and a vowel space s mapped and a converter from hand motons to vowel transtons s developed. It has been reported that the proposed method s effectve enough to generate Japanese fve vowels. In ths paper, we dscuss expanson of ths system to consonant generaton and ptch control. For the former, two methods are examned: waveform concatenaton and space mappng for consonant sounds are dscussed. For the latter, ptch control s realzed usng posture of the arm measured by a magnetc sensor. Key words Dysarthra, speech producton, hand motons, meda converson, arrangement of gestures and vowels
2 . VOCA (Voce Output Communcaton Ads) [], [] [] [] GloveTalkII [] F/F [] [] [8] [9], [0] HMM ) ).. m a m n b n. Stylanou [] a bz=[a, b] (Gaussan Mxture ModelGMM) q p(z) = ω N (z; µ, Σ ) () Σ = = q ω =, ω > = 0 () = [ µ = Σ AA Σ BA [ µ A µ B Σ AB Σ BB ] ] N (z; µ, Σ ) µ, Σ q ω f(a) q f(a) = h( a)[µ B + Σ BA Σ AA (a µ A )] () = h( a) () ()
3 C B D 0 A 8 8 E ND FORMANT [] // /u/ /e/ /o/ /a/ ST FORMANT [] Female average Male average (a) (b) (a) PCA 8 (b) F/F 8 h( a) = ω N (a; µ A, Σ AA ) q j= ω jn (a; µ A j, ΣAA j ) a b b = f(a).. () [8][0] DTW Wu [] 8 = [9], [0] 8 8 = PCA 8 (a) AE (b) F/F A E. Immerson CyberGlove P = 0 ( + 0) = 8, 00 ms 0 ( + 0) = STRAIGHT [] 0-0 ms, ms =. (a) (b) (c) STRAIGHT F0 0 Hz
4 Hz (a) 分析再合成音 Hz 図 /n/と/a/の切り出し (a) 分析再合成音 (b) 明確に動かしたジェスチャーを入力とした場合の合成音 Hz (a) 波形接続による合成音 図 な に対応する合成音 今回は予備的検討として 成人男性1名から あ い う え お および な をそれぞれ 回ずつ 合計 8 個のデー タを収録した 次にそれぞれに対して STRAIGHT 分析を行 い ケプストラム係数 0- 次 フレーム長 0 ms, フレームシ (c) 不明確に動かしたジェスチャーを入力とした場合の合成音 図 あいうえお に対する合成音の比較 フト ms で再合成した そして図 のように 母音の再合成 音からはそれぞれ安定した 0. 秒間 な からは視認によっ この手法の有効性が示された また手の動かし方 明確 不明 て/n/に相当するおよそ 0. 秒を切り出した なお テキスト 確 によって 発話スタイル 明瞭 不明瞭 も制御できるこ 合成と異なり /n/をコンテキスト依存で用意することはしてい とが分かる しかし より自由な発話を目指すためには 子音 ない リアルタイム変換の場合 コンテキストをジェスチャー の追加やピッチ パワーなどの制御が必要不可欠である 以降 から指定するのは困難である の章では 本システムにおける子音の合成方式やピッチの制御 方法について述べる. 子音の合成 現在 音声の合成方法としては コーパスベースの音声合成 方式や HMM に基づく音声合成方式などが提案されている /n/の波形の後半 d [ms] にはブラックマン窓の後半部を 母 音部の波形の前半 e [ms] にはブラックマン窓の前半部をそれぞ れ掛け /n/の後半部と母音の前半部を m [ms] だけ重ね合わせ た d, e, m の値は話者によって変化する 本稿では実験的に d = 0 [ms], e = 0 [ms], m = 0 [ms] の値を用いた 図 に 結果を示す しかし本システムではジェスチャーデータ フレーム毎にリア. 空間写像方式 ルタイム変換を行っているため これらの手法をそのまま応用.. 子音を考慮したジェスチャーデザイン することは難しい 本システムへの子音の導入方法としては もう一つの方法として 子音にもジェスチャーを割り当て ) 子音の開始時刻のみを前腕の姿勢角などで特定し ジェス 母音に対して用いた提案手法を子音の合成にも拡張する方法が チャーから得られる母音波形に子音の波形を接続する波形接続 考えられる この方式では子音と母音のつなぎ目は滑らかにな 方式 ) 母音に対して用いた提案手法を子音の合成に拡張した るが その一方で 音声にして数 数十 [ms] にしか持続しな 空間写像方式などが考えられる 本稿では子音として鼻音に注 い子音に割り当てるジェスチャーの決定が問題になる 目し 波形接続方式および空間写像方式の2通りについて実験 的検討を行った 手の主な働きはものを掴むことであるから ものを握る動き は最も形成が容易で 速く動かすことができる動きのひとつで. 波形接続方式 あると考えられる そこで本稿ではもの握る動きを子音 母音の 母音と異なり 子音継続長の発声速度に関する影響は小さい 遷移に割り当てることとし 図 の No. のジェスチャーを/n/ そこで腕姿勢などで特定した子音の開始時刻から あらかじめ に割り当てることとした 収録音声から切り出した子音の波形を出力し それに続けて /n/だけを発音する際の口の形は う に近いため 図 (a) ジェスチャーから生成した母音の波形と接続することによって の PCA 空間において No. と う に割り当てられるジェス 子音を含んだ音声を合成する 注 チャーは近いことが推測される これと. 節での議論とか ら /n/を考慮した場合のジェスチャーデザインを図 8 のよう 注 現在のシステムには 子音の開始時刻を特定する機能は搭載していない 本実験では 子音の開始時刻が適切に特定できるものと仮定している に設定した
5 /n/ (a) (b) GMM (c) GMM n 8 /n/ (d) GMM.. /n/ P = 0 (0 + 0) = 90 0 (0 + 0) = = 9. = ntellgblty GMM d = 0 [ms], e = 0 [ms], m = 0 [ms] + = /n//m//n//nu/, /m//nu/ /n//m/ /n/ /n//m/ /n//m/ /n//m//n//nu/, /m//nu/
6 . /n//m/ [] /n/ GMM GMM. TDS0V TDS0V 0 Roll F0 Roll Roll / + const. F0 F0 00 [Hz]. 0 TDS0V Azmuth, Ptch, Roll [] [] [],,, pp-, 00 [],, Vol.0 No. pp.-0, 00 [] Glove-Talk II [],, pp.9-,, 00 [] Y. Stylanou et.al., Contnuous probablstc transform for voce converson, IEEE Trans. Speech Audo Process., vol., pp.-, 998 [8],,, -Q-, pp.-, 008 [9],,, SP008-8, pp.-0, 008 [0] A. Kunkosh et.al., Speech generaton from hand gestures based on space mappng, Proc. INTERSPEECH, pp.08-, 009 [] Y. Wu et.al., Analyzng and Capturng Artculated Hand Moton n Image Sequences IEEE Trans. Pattern Analyss and Machne Intellgence, vol., No., pp.90-9, 00 [] H. Kawahara et.al. Restructurng speech representatons usng a ptch-adaptve -frequency smoothng and an nstantaneous-frequency-based F0 extracton, Speech Commun.,, 8-0, 999 [],, pp.-8,, 00
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