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1 March JACL Yamamoto Takeo, Yamamoto Iwao, Yamakura Akihiro, Some Thoughts on the Wartime Removal and Incarceration ofpeopleofjapaneseancestry inkosaka,k.ed.,aquestforalternative Sociology, TransPacific Press, Adarand

2 Relocation Centers Assembly Centers War Relocation Authority WRA WASHINGTON Puyallup Portland OREGON Missoula MONTANA NORTH DAKOTA Bismarck Marysville Sacramento Military Area 1 Tule Lake Stockton Tanforan Turlock Merced Salinas Pinedale Fresno Manzanar Tulare CALIFORNIA Santa Anita Pomona Military Area 1 IDAHO Poston Minidoka UTAH Topaz Heart Mountain WYOMING Moab COLORADO Leupp ARIZONA Santa Fe Mayer NEW MEXICO Gila Granada (Amache) ARKANSAS Rohwer Jerome TEXAS Crystal City Weglin, M.Years of infamy. Morrow: New York., p. Relocation Center, Assembly Center interenment

3 March WRA WRA WRA AB ABDC

4 WRA C C B WRA Japanese American Citizens League JACL JACL

5 March WRA JACL WRA WRA WRA No C Yes WRA Yes No YesNo

6 JACL JACL JACL JACL JACL JACL JACL JACL WRA WRA WRA WRA JACL JACL JACL JACL

7 March JACL JACL JACL JACL JACL JACL WRA WRA JACL JACL PMC JACL JACL PMC

8 JACL JACL JACL A B C B

9 March B C JACL B MP D D JACL Yamato colony, Cortez colony, Cressey colony Merced Amache Poston colony

10 Topaz Amache community Yamato colony Yamato colony Cressey Cortez schoolboy SF JACL Yamato colony colony H Cortez H CresseyYamato Cortez Cressey N Matsumoto, V.J. Farming the Home Place PP, CornellUniv. Press, Noda, K, Yamato Colony Livingston-Merced JACL Chapter,

11 March ALL American Loyalty League of Livingston Livingston chronicle community Merced community community Amache Amache community community Yamato colony Yamato colony F F Yamato colony Yamato colony colony F Yamato colony F F

12 SF F Yona SF YMCA F F school boy F SF city college UC Berkeley BA social work YMCA dean Tanforan YMCA Topaz social work Springfield college YMCA Japanese American National Museum U SF U U

13 March Salinas sugar beet U Yamato colony U SF U U U U Yamato colony U U U L U U state college final U

14 U pontiac U Poston S cook S REMEMBERED STORIES S

15 March S CA CA S S S S CA J THE YONEDA FAMILYJ

16 CA J J FBI FBI J J Poston Native American J J J J YesYes YesYes NoNo NoNo Santa Fe

17 March camp Santa Fe camp Bismarck camp Santa Fe camp J J redress J J Phd Sacramento city college J redress Topaz feet feet feetfeet

18 Topaz Time, Pre-issue, No., p. WRA city council

19 March WRA WRA VOL, nos.

20 WRA JACL SF NY VOL, nos.

21 VOL, nos. No. March

22

23 March

24 S Fujimoto Sato Kawata Hoshiyama

25 March An Aspect on the Realities Concerning Japanese-American Internment ABSTRACT In a recent paper I have considered and analyzed the overall course of Japanese- American internment in the United States during World War. Inthatconsideration and analysis I discussed the reasons for and significance of taking up this matter more than 60 years after the conclusion of the war. What were the background factors and mechanisms that led to the internment, and what has been and needs to be done in order to prevent a re-occurrence of such a tragic situation in future? In previous work, due to a limitation in the number of pages that could be devoted to the subject matter, the concrete process of political procedures, and the realities of the people who were most affected were not adequately disclosed. The purpose of this paper is, therefore, to focus on minute actualities of Japanese-American people s internment, using facts discovered and uncovered in various written materials, as well as verbal evidence obtained through field research. The present paper consists of three sections. The first section focuses on the political procedures of authorities that led to the internment. The second section covers the reactions and responses of the Japanese-American society in the United States toward such procedures. The concluding third section will foreground the realities of those people who actually experienced internment. In this final section I will present and analyze the physical and mental burdens that were cast on the people who actually experienced internment due to the anomalistic course of action resulting from the ad-hoc policy of authorities in America at that time. Key Words : Japanese-American, Internment, Life History, JACL, Kibei, Field Survey

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