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1 MEMOIRS OF SHONAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY Vol. 39, No. 1, 2005 * Nationalism and National Security Masanori HASEGAWA* This article considers nationalism in terms of national security. Nationalism has been one of the most important causes of war and closely relative to international political structure (anarchy). Therefore, nationalism should be viewed and explained not only from the viewpoint of history, sociology, or anthropology, but also from the viewpoint of international politics (security studies). This article is composed of five chapters. Chapter 1: The Virtue and Vice of Nationalism. Chapter 2: Anarchical Nationalism: The General Cause of Nationalism from A View of International Politics. Chapter 3: The Various Causes that Exalt or Soften Nationalism. Chapter 4: Implication of Nationalism in National Security. Chapter 5: The Future of Nationalism. The future trend of international politics will depend on that of nationalism. The reality of Samuel Huntington s best selling book The Clash of Civilizations that has been an object of discussions at almost all national academies will also depend on the future trend of nationalism in North Atlantic states and Islamic world * (W. Connor) 1 (1) Walker Connor, Ethnonationalism (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1994) p. xi. 81

2 (2) (3) 2 vs vs (9) Edward Mansfield and Jack Snyder, Democratization and War, Foreign Affairs, Vol. 74, No. 3, 1995, pp (1) 6 (2) X Y 82

3 Y X Y X Y X Y X Y X Y 7 (3) 8 9 (4) Randall L. Schweller, Deadly Imbalance (New York: Columbia University Press, 1998), pp. 57, Stephen Van Evera, Causes of War (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1999) pp (5) 10 (6) (7)

4 (1)(2) (8) Stephen M. Walt, Revolution and War (Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press, 1996) pp (9) (1) 15 (2) (3) 16 84

5 (4) (5) (1) (2) X X X X 17 Robert Gilpin, War and Change in World Politics (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1981), p Kenneth N. Waltz, Theory of International Politics (New York: Mcgraw-Hill Publishing Company, 1979), pp. 88, 91, 102, 118, 126. X ASEAN (ARF) (OSCE) 2 (K. Waltz) 19 (R. Schweller) 85

6 Schweller, Deadly Imbalance, pp. 21, D , 39 40, (E. Gellner) (B. Anderson) 2000 NTT Alexander Wendt, Social Theory of International Politics (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999), pp. 261, 268, , (A. Wendt) 23 86

7 EU (1) (A. Smith) , (21) (2) A, B B A A (1) B AB 26 (3) (1) (4) (1) 1 (5) (1)(4) (6) 87

8 (7) 29 (8) 1 1(1) 3 1(1) (9) 27 Stephen M. Walt, The Origins of Alliance, paperback edition (Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press, 1990), pp Emmerson, Will Indonesia Survive?, p (Pledge of Allegiance) (10) 30 (11) (12) (12) (1) 3 1(1) (2) 3 1(1)(4) 3 2(1)(3) (3) 3 1(5) 3 2(1)(2) (4) 3 1(7) 2 (5) (8) 88

9 (6) 3 1(8) 3 1(8) 3 1(8) (7) 3 1(10) 32 (8) 3 1(11)(12) 3 1(2)(6)(7)(9) 3 1(12) 3 1(4)(5) 3 2(2)(3) 3 2(7) 3 2(1)(6)(8) 32 40, Thomas U. Berger, Norms, Identity, and National Security in Germany and Japan, in Peter J. Katzenstein, ed., The Culture of National Security: Norms and Identity in World Politics, New York: Columbia University Press, 1996, pp (Ibid., p. 355), A Chinese Puzzle, The Economist, April 21st 2001, P (1) (2) 1 2(5) 35 (3) (1 1(1)) (4) 2 3 1(1)(4) 89

10 39 1 (5) 3 1(6), 3 2(6) (6) 1 1(2) Ted Robert Gurr, Ethnic Warfare on the Wane, Foreign Affairs, Vol. 79, No. 3, 2000, p Thomas Risse-Kappen, Collective Identity in a Democratic Community: The Case of NATO, in Katzenstein, ed., The Culture of National Security, pp ; Bruce Russett, Grasping the Democratic Peace: Principles for a Pos- World (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1993) Mansfield and Snyder, Democratization and War, pp NATO (1)

11 (2) 41 EU 42 (3) (J. Mearsheimer) 41 Robert O. Keohane and Joseph S. Nye Jr., Globalization: What s New? What s Not? (And So What?), Foreign Policy, No. 118, Spring 2000, p John J. Mearsheimer, Buck to the Future: Instability in Europe After the Cold War, International Security, Vol. 15, No. 1, 1990, pp. 21, i x, 3 31, NTT , 76 79, 106, (4) 1992 (5) 2 (A) (B) (A) (B) 45 91

12 PLO , Gurr, Ethnic Warfare on the Wane, p , 54, (Ted Robert Gurr) 50 (S. Huntington) (6) 1 1(2) 3 1(1)

37 1 (Martin Wight) (balancing) (bandwagoning) 8 ABC A B C B A A B C A

37 1 (Martin Wight) (balancing) (bandwagoning) 8 ABC A B C B A A B C A MEMOIRS OF SHONAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY Vol. 37, No. 1, 2003 * Balance-of-Power Theory vs. International Political Reality Mougenthau, Waltz, and Post-Waltz Masanori HASEGAWA* Theory of International

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