Effect of Temperature and Day Length on the Zoosporangial Sorus Formation and Growth of Sporophytes Laminaria japonica Areschoug (Laminariales, Phaeop
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1 Effect Temperature Day Length on the Zoosporangial Sorus Formation Growth Sporophytes Laminaria japonica Areschoug (Laminariales, Phaeophyceae) in Tank Culture Shinji KIRIHARA*1, Yoshikazu FUJIKAWA*2, Masahiro NOTOYA*3 Abstract: In order to obtain mature sporophytes Laminaria japonica for seeding, effect seawater temperature (5,10,15, 20, 25 Ž) (15 : 9,12 :12, 9 :15h LD) on the growth zoosporangial sorus formation were investigated in 150 litres culture tank with flowing filtered seawater, compare with natural seawater temperature as a control experiment. The sporophytes could not survive at 25 Ž. At Ž, the sporophytes died early with increasing higher temperature or shorter. Many sporophytes produced a zoosporangial sorus at 5-20 Ž 9 D :15 L in a short culture period. Zoosporangial sorus was produced earlier more than three weeks at 5-20 Ž 9 L :15 D at 15 Ž 12 L :12 D in contrast to control experiment tank. We can get mature sporophytes within a month from natural young 1st year sporophytes under these culture conditions. It is considered that the suitable conditions for the growth maturation Sporophytes are at lower temperature in the long conditions. Key words: Laminaria japonica; Zoosporangial sorus formation; Mature condition; Sporophyte
2 Fig. 1. Changes the natural sea water temperature ( ) (-) in the culture tank sporophyte Laminaria japonica. Arrows show the date zoosporangial sorus formation. Fig. 2. Formation zoosporangial sorus on five sporophytes Laminaria japonica at the natural filterd seawater., unformed zoosporangial sorus;, formed zoosporangial sorus on the reverse side the sporophyte;, formed zoosporangial sorus on both surface sporophyte.
3 Fig.3. Formation zoosporangial sorus on the sporophyte Laminaria japonica at various temperatures., unformed zoosporangial sorus;, formed zoosporangial sorus on the reverse side sporophyte;, formed zoosporangial sorus on both surface sporophyte.
4 388 桐原 5 の 順 に,培 養14日 そ れ ぞ れ 培 養58日 目,43日 目,101日 目,58日 目 か ら 認 め ら れ, 目,209日 目に は全個体 で 形 成 した 短 日 の 場 合 も 同 様 に15,10,5 培 養21日 29日 目,21日 目,29日 目,36日 目,49日 の 場 合 は,短 日,中 藤 川 能 登 谷 の 順 に, 目 か ら 形 成 さ れ 始 め,培 養 目 に は 全 個 体 が 成 熟 し た 20 日,長 日 の 川頁に 早 期 に 多 数 の 個 体 が 子 嚢 斑 を形 成 す る 傾 向 が 見 られ た Fig,4に 温 度5-20 子 嚢 斑 形 成 状 況 の 写 真 を 示 し た 体(Fig.4C-E)は,培 4F)と 養 開 始 後58日 同 様 に,い の 胞 子 目 に 対 照 区(Fig. ず れ も葉状 部 基 部付 近 に子 嚢 斑 の 形 成 が 認 め ら れ る し か し,5 で 培 養 し た 胞 子 体 に は, 距 嚢 斑 は 初 め 上 部 の 中 帯 縁 辺 部 分 を 中 心 に2条 の筋 状 に 形 成 さ れ(Fig.4A),培 状 部 基 養85日 目 以 降 に,葉 部 付 近 に 次 の 子 嚢 斑 形 成 が 認 め ら れ る(Fig.4B) の 短 日で 培 養 し た個 体 の 胞 子 体 の 実 験 開 始 か ら1997年1月 まで の 生 長 に お よ ぼ す 温 度 お よ び 日 長 の 影 響 をFig.5に 対 照 区 で は,実 生 長 し 続 け,平 験 開 始 か ら136日 均5.8cmの 示 した 目 の12月20日 まで 生 長 量 を 示 し た が,そ は 生 長 帯 部 分 が 湾 曲 し た た め,生 の後 長 量の値 はやや 減少 す る こ ととな った 5 の 個 体 は,い ず れ の 日 長 で も 順 調 に 生 長 し,長 日, 中 日,短 日 で は,そ れ ぞ れ13.8cm,14.8cm,15.2cm 伸 長 し た ま た,10 の 個 体 は 長 日 で16.2cmと 伸 長 量 が 大 き く,中 6.6cmで は,そ な り 日 や 短 日 で は そ れ ぞ れ11.6cm, あ っ た 15 の 個 体 は,長 日,中 れ ぞ れ7.6cm,5.5cm,4.4cm,20 8.2cm,6.3cm,5.4cmを 日,短 日で の そ れ は 示 し,25 で は0 9cm-2.4cm で ほ と ん ど 伸 長 す る こ と は な か っ た し た が っ て,5 を 除 い て,高 い 温 度 お よ び 短 日の 条 件 ほ ど伸 長 量 は低 ドし た Fig. 4. Formation phyte 5 Ž (F). (A), a ral zoosporangial Laminaria 10 Ž Bar (C), 15 Ž 9 L : 15 D after shows sorus japonica 9 L: 10 cm. (D) 85 the sporo- temperatures 20 Ž 58 s, 15 D after seawater on at various s temperature (E) under at 5 Ž (B), under natu- (control) a Fig.5. Growth at various 5 Ž; œ, stard the sporophyte temperatures 10 Ž;, deviation. seawater 15 Ž; Ÿ Laminaria s, temperature 20 Ž;, japonica natural (control)., 25 Ž; Vertical bar,
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6 zoosporangia on the thalli Undaria pinnatifida Costaria costata in culture. Bull. Hokkaido Reg. Fish Res. Lab., 32, )Mizuta, H., K. Nimura, H. Yamamoto (1999) : Inducible condition for sorus formation the sporophyte discs Laminaria japonica Areschoug (Phaeophyceae). Fisheries Sci., 65(1), )Lð¹ning, K. (1988): Photoperiodic control sorus formation in the brown algae Laminaria saccharine. Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 45, )Sanbonsuga, Y. Y. Hasegawa (1969): Studies on Laminariales in culture. II. Effects culture condition on the zoosporangium formation in Costaria costata (Turn.) Saunders. Bull. Hokkaido Reg. Fish Res. Lab., 35, )Sanbonsuga, Y. Y. Hasegawa (1967): Studies on Laminariales in culture. I. On the formation 18)Nimura, K. H. Mizuta (2002): Inducible effects abscisic acid on sporophyte Laminayia japonica Areschoug (Laminariales, Phaeophyceae). J. appl. Phycol., 14(3), )Lð¹ning, K., A. Wagner, C. Buchholtz (2000) : Evidence for inhibitors sporangium formation in Laminayia digitata (Phaeophyceae) during the season rapid growth. J. Phycol., 36,
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