Flow Drag and Heat Transfer Characteristics of Organic Brine with Drag Reduction Surfactant in a Straight Pipe (2nd Report, Influences of Another Kind

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1 Flow Drag and Heat Transfer Characteristics of Organic Brine with Drag Reduction Surfactant in a Straight Pipe (2nd Report, Influences of Another Kind of Organic Brine) Naoto HARUKI*5, Hideo INABA, Akihiko HORIBE, Yu KODAMA and Kazuma YAMAGATA Graduate School of Natural and Technology, Okayama University, Naka, Tsushima, Okayama-shi, Okayama, Japan There has been some interest in the flow drag and heat transfer reduction effects of brine flow with drag reduction surfactants in order to achieve the effective energy consumption in an industrial cooling system. Therefore, there have been our previous investigations of brine flow (Ethylene Glycol (EG) solution for organic brine) with drag reduction surfactant (Oleyldihydroxyetyl Amine Oxide (ODEAO) of non-ion surfactant) showing the flow drag and heat transfer reduction effect. But some technical issues are that EG is an environmentally harmful brine and the use of EG will be restricted in the future. Whereas, Propylene Glycol (PG) and Potassium Acetate (=PA) are expected to be environmentally friendly brines. But, there have been few studies on the flow drag and heat transfer reduction effects of PG or PA solution with drag reduction surfactants. This present paper shows that the flow friction coefficient and mean forced convection heat transfer coefficient of the PG, or PA solution with ODEAO in a straight pipe were measured for each parameter of concentration of brines, concentration of ODEAO and temperature of the brine with ODEAO. Finally, useful non-dimensional correlative equations for maximum flow resistance and heat transfer reduction effect are derived in terms of various non-dimensional parameters, and these experimental results of PG solution with ODEAO were compared with that of EG solution with ODEAO. Key Words: Drag Reduction, Pipe Flow, Surfactant, Organic Brine, Heat Transfer Coefficient haruki@mech.okayama-u.ac.jp

2

3 Fig. 1 Schematic diagram of experimental apparatus Fig. 2 Pseudoplastic viscosity K and power-law exponent n (Cpro= 30mass%)

4 (Cpro=30mass%,Co=5160ppm) Fig. 4 Relationship between Nu/Pr'13 and Re' (Cpro=30mass%,Co=5160ppm)

5

6

7 (CpA=30 mass%, C0=9000PPm) (CPA=30 mass%, Co=9000ppm) Fig. 12 Relationship between Re' and Nu/Pr'1/3

8 (a) Ethylene glycol (b) Propylene glycol Fig. 13 Molecular formulas of EG and PG 167

9 Fig. 15. Comparison of predicted value of Fig. 16. Comparison of predicted value of (Nu/Pr'1/3)c Fig. 17. Comparison of predicted value of Re'c

10 (1) Usui, H. and Suzuki, H., Progress of Drag Reducing Technology in the New Century, Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers, Series B, Vol.67, No.658 (2001), pp (2) Kawaguchi, Y., Flow Drag Reduction Effect by Surfactant and Application (in japanese), Journal of Energy Conservation, Vol.51, No.13 (1999), pp (3) B. A. Toms, Some Observation on the Flow of Liner Polymer Solutions Through Straight Tubes at Large Reynolds Numbers, Proceeding of First International Congress on Rheology, Vol.2, (1948),.pp (4) P. S. Virk, Drag Reduction Fundamentals, AIChE Journal, Vol.21, No.4 (1975), pp (5) J. L. Zakin, B. Lu and H.-W. Bewersdorff, Surfactant Drag Reduction, Reviews in Chemical Engineering, Vol.14, No.4-5 (1998), pp (6) Haruki, N., Inaba, H., Horibe, A., Tanaka, S., Nakata, T. and Sato, K., Flow Drag and Heat Transfer Characteristics of Organic Brine with Drag Reduction Surfactant in a Straight Pipe, Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers, Series B, Vol.71, No.702 (2005), pp (7) Haruki, N., Inaba, H., Horibe, A., Kodama, Y., Flow Drag and Heat Transfer Reduction Characteristics of Organic Brine with Drag Reduction Surfactant in a Straight Pipe, Transactions of the Japan Society of Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers, Vol.23, No.4 (2006), pp (8) Ministry of the Environment Government of Japan,"factsheet 2006", Risk comunication (online), available from < factsheet/data/1-043.html>, (accessed ). (9) "PRTR Ministry substances of the Environment list" Government of Japan,, PRTR information plaza Japan (online), available from < (accessed ). (10) Tomita, K., Shirato, H., Sasaki, T., Takano, A., Mitsuhashi, H., Nagano, N., Yamakoshi, Y., Mizutani, M., Sagasaki, A. and Totsuka, M., Development of Low Environmental Loading Antifreeze Solution for Road Heating, Reports of Hokkaido Industrial Research Institute, No.304, (2006), pp (11) Haruki, N., Inaba, H., Horibe, A., Tanaka, S., Viscosity Measurement of Ethylene Glycol Solution with Flow Drag Reduction Additives, Netsu Bussei, Vol.19, No.2, (2005), pp (12) W. M. Rohsenow, J. P. Hartnett and E. N. Ganie, Handbook of Heat Transfer Applications Second Edition, (1985), pp , McGraw-Hill. (13) The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers ed., JSME Mechanical Enginees' Handbook The Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers (14) Sider, E. N. and tate, G. E., Industrial and engineering chemistry, Vol.28, (1936), pp (15) Nakata, T, Inaba, H., Horibe, A., Haruki, N. and Sato, K., The Surfactant Development as Flow Drag Reduction Agent in the Piping, Journal of Japanese Society of Tribologists, Vo.49, No.1 (2004), pp (16) A. V. Shenoy; A review on drag reduction with special reference to micellar systems, Colloid & Polymer Science, Vol.262, (1984), pp (17) Tanahashi, M., Susanta K. DAS, Shoji, K. and Miyauchi, T., Coherent Fine Scale Structure in Turbulent Channel Flows, Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers, Series B, Vol.65, No.638 (1999), pp (18) Kunieda, H. and Sakamoto, K., Advanced Functions of Surfactant & Amphiphilic Polymers, (2005), pp CMC Publishing CO.,LTD. (19) Kariyone, T., Aplication and Characteristis of Surfactant (in Japanese), (1988), pp.29-31, SAIWAISHOBO. (20) Yoshida, T., Shindo, S., Ogaki, T. and Yamanaka, Y., Surfactant Handbook (in Japanese), (1987), pp.8-9, Kougakutosho.

Fig. 1 Experimental apparatus.

Fig. 1 Experimental apparatus. Effects of Concentration of Surfactant Solutions on Drag-Reducing Turbulent Boundary Layer In this study, the influence of a drag-reducing surfactant on the turbulent boundary layer was extensively investigated

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