明海大学歯学雑誌　４４‐２☆／２．流石

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1 J Meikai Dent Med 44 2, , Hellman Hellman CT 3 Virtual Place Advance PLUS 1.0 mm CBCT Changes in the Mandibular Canal Running Due to Growth and Development of the Mandible Mayu SASUGA 1, Nobuhide KOIZUMI 2, Tatsuya SUZUKI 1, Yoshihiro SAITO 1, Naoki KISHIDA 1, Keisuke SAITO 1, Makiko IKE 3, Hideki SAKA 4 and Yasuhiko OKUMURA 1 1 Division of Dental Radiology, Department of Diagnostic & Therapeutic Science, Meikai University School of Dentistry 2 Department of Oral Radiology, Tokyo Dental College 3 Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Department of Tissue Regeneration and Reconstruction, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences 4 Division of Forensic Odontology, Department of Diagnostic & Therapeutic Science, Meikai University School of Dentistry Abstract : Experimental samples were five dried human mandibles at respective Hellman s dental ages, thus a total of 100 samples including the right and left mandibles. Their CT images were subjected to analysis. A dental cone-beam CT scanner Finecube YOSHIDA DENTAL MFG. CO., Tokyo was used. In the image analysis, a high-speed 3 D image analyzer Virtual Place Advance PLUS AZE, Tokyo was used to reconstruct measured images. For the area from the mandibular foramen to the mental foramen, multiplanar reconstruction MPR processing of para-axial images was performed at intervals of 1.0 mm. In this manner, the frontal cross-sectional images were visualized at intervals of 1.0 mm. This study analyzes each cross-sectional image for the condition of the mandibular canal associated with the growth and development. Key words : mandibular canal, growth and development, CBCT

2 U 1 2, 3 4, CT CBCT Hellman A A CBCT Virtual Place Advance Plus AZEVPA Plus CBCT 90 kv 4mA mm Fig 1 Fig mm Figs 3, 4 1 Fig 3a d mm Fig 4e h mm Fig 4i l

131 Fig 1 Dried human mandible. Fig 2 The mandible tomographic image reconstruction by VPA Plus. A : The configuration of paraxial tomographic plane.

0 mm Fig 4m, n VPA Plus 5 X Y Y 65 mm Hellman 10 AA VPA Plus Fig 3 Measurement point of the thickness of cortical bone and innersurface of the cortical bone

3 131 Fig 1 Dried human mandible. Fig 2 The mandible tomographic image reconstruction by VPA Plus. A : The configuration of paraxial tomographic plane. B : The configuration of sepital tomographic plane. C : Measurement points on the reconstruction image mm Fig 4m, n VPA Plus 5 X Y Y 65 mm Hellman 10 AA VPA Plus Fig 3 Measurement point of the thickness of cortical bone and innersurface of the cortical bone distance of the mandibular foramen. a. vertical distance of mandibular foramen. b. vertical thickness of the mandibular foramen. c. vertical distance of mental foramen. d. vertical thickness of the mental foramen.

4 Fig 4 Measurement point of the thickness of cortical bone and each direction distance at mandibular cross-section image. A : Length and cortical bone thickness from mandibular foramen center to a point intersecting cortical bone in the vertical direction and the horizontal direction. e. Length from the mandibular foramen center to the cortical bone inboard surface in the horizontal buccal side direction. f. Cortical bone thickness of a part intersecting the cortical bone in the horizontal buccal side direction from the mandibular foramen center. g. Length from the mandibular foramen center to the cortical bone inboard surface in the horizontal lingual side direction. h. Cortical bone thickness of a part intersecting the cortical bone in the horizontal lingual side direction from the mandibular foramen center i. Length from the mandibular foramen center to the cortical bone inboard surface in the vertical direction. j. Cortical bone thickness of a part intersecting the cortical bone in the vertical direction from the mandibular foramen center. B : Length and cortical bone thickness of a part at right angles to the cortical bone inboard surface of buccal side and lingual side from the mandibular foramen center. k. Length from the mandibular foramen center to the part at right angles to the buccal cortical bone inboard surface. l. Cortical bone thickness from the mandibular foramen center to the part at right angles to the buccal side cortical bone inboard surface. m. Length from the mandibular foramen center to the part at right angles to the lingual side cortical bone inboard surface. n. Cortical bone thickness from the mandibular foramen center to the part at right angles to the lingual side cortical bone inboard surface. 1 1 Fig 5A Fig 5 Vertical distance and cortical bone thickness of mandibular foramen. A! Vertical direction length from mandibular foramen to the mandibular inferior border cortical bone inboard surface. Fig 3 a " The thickness of the mandibular inferior border cortical bone in the vertical direction from mandibular foramen. Fig 3 b BFig 3 a!fig 3 b " A 5.9 mma 23.4 mm S AC 9.0 mm C A 3.2 mm A 5.2 mm 1.1 mm A A 2 Fig 5B A C 4.6 mmc A 1.8 mma 3.3 mm S A C 0.8 mm 2.8 mm

5 133 Fig 7 The distance average that measured perpendicularly in the lingual side cortical bone inboard surface from the mandibular canal center in each para-axial aspects slice from mandibular foramen to mental foramen. A : Change of the front direction in the state that fixed mandibular foramen. B : Change of each anatomical position in the state that fixed mandibular foramen and mental foramen. Fig 6 Vertical distance and cortical bone thickness of mental foramen. A! Vertical direction length from mental foramen to the mandibular inferior border cortical bone inboard surface. Fig 3 c " The thickness of the mandibular inferior border cortical bone in the vertical direction from mental foramen. Fig 3 d BFig 3 c!fig 3 d " C A 2.8 mm 3.4 mm 3 1 Fig 6A A C 6.7 mm 15.9 mm A C 16.0 mm 18.2 mm A A 19.4 mm 24.9 mm 2 Fig 6B A C 3.7 mm 16.0 mm A A 10.4 mm 16.0 mm mm Fig 7A Fig 7B A 1.7 mm 1.1 mm 10 mm C 0.7 mm 1.3 mm 5.0 mm A 1.2 mm 1.5 mm 10 mm C 1.5 mm 2.4 mm

134 44 2015 12 mm A 1.2 mm 1.3 mm 12 mm B 1.4 mm 1.7 mm 8.0 mm C 1.6 mm 2.3 mm 10 mm A 1.1 mm 1.1 mm 2.5 mm 10 mm 2.5 mm 12 mm C 1.5 mm 2.1 mm 15 mm A 1.7 mm 1.5 mm 2.5 mm 12 mm 2.5 mm 9.0 mm 2 1.

6 mm A 1.2 mm 1.3 mm 12 mm B 1.4 mm 1.7 mm 8.0 mm C 1.6 mm 2.3 mm 10 mm A 1.1 mm 1.1 mm 2.5 mm 10 mm 2.5 mm 12 mm C 1.5 mm 2.1 mm 15 mm A 1.7 mm 1.5 mm 2.5 mm 12 mm 2.5 mm 9.0 mm mm Fig 8A Fig 8B A 1.6 mm 1.5 mm 10 mm C 3.9 mm 5.0 mm A 3.8 mm 3.8 mm 4.5 mm 10 mm Fig 8 The distance average that measured perpendicularly in the buccal side cortical bone inboard surface from the mandibular canal center in each para-axial aspects slice from mandibular foramen to mental foramen. A : Change of the front direction in the state that fixed mandibular foramen. B : Change of each anatomical position in the state that fixed mandibular foramen and mental foramen. C 3.0 mm 3.4 mm A 4.2 mm 14 mm B 4.2 mm 4.3 mm 15 mm C 5.3 mm 5.0 mm 20 mm A 4.3 mm 3.2 mm 10 mm C 4.6 mm 3.5 mm 20 mm A

7 mm 4.0 mm 15 mm A A B mm 1 Fig 9A Fig 9B A 0.6 mm C 0.5 mm 0.8 mm A 0.8 mm 5.0 mm 1.2 mm C 1.2 mm 1.3 mm A 1.2 mm 12 mm 1.2 mm 1.8 mm B 1.2 mm 2.0 mm C 0.5 mm 1.4 mm A 0.7 mm 1.5 mm C 1.0 mm 1.5 mm A 1.5 mm 2.0 mm 2 Fig 10A Fig 10B A 0.6 mm C 0.5 mm 0.9 mm A 0.5 mm 1.5 mm 1.0 mm C 1.0 mm 2.0 mm 10 mm A 1.4 mm 2.2 mm 12 mm B 1.2 mm 2.3 mm 5.0 mm Fig 9 The cortical bone thickness average that measured perpendicularly in the lingual side cortical bone inboard surface from the mandibular canal center in each para-axial aspects slice from mandibular foramen to mental foramen. A : Change of the front direction in the state that fixed mandibular foramen. B : Change of each anatomical position in the state that fixed mandibular foramen and mental foramen. Fig 10 The cortical bone thickness average that measured perpendicularly in the buccal side cortical bone inboard surface from the mandibular canal center in each para-axial aspects slice from mandibular foramen to mental foramen. A : Change of the front direction in the state that fixed mandibular foramen. B : Change of each anatomical position in the state that fixed mandibular foramen and mental foramen.

136 44 2015 C 1.5 mm 2.5 mm 18 mm A 1.0 mm 2.2 mm C 1.0 mm 2.5 mm A 1.8 mm 2.8 mm 3 1 1.0 mm S Scammon 1 Fig 11A Fig 11B A 5.1 mm 1.

8 C 1.5 mm 2.5 mm 18 mm A 1.0 mm 2.2 mm C 1.0 mm 2.5 mm A 1.8 mm 2.8 mm mm S Scammon 1 Fig 11A Fig 11B A 5.1 mm 1.6 mm Fig 11 Vertical distance from the mandibular canal center to each para-axial aspects slice from mandibular foramen to mental foramen to inferior border of mandible and the cortical bone inboard surface. A : The distance of the inferior border of mandible direction from the mandibular canal center. B : Change of each anatomical position in the state that fixed mandibular foramen and mental foramen. C 6.7 mm 2.6 mm 4.0 mm A 11.7 mm 3.0 mm 4.0 mm 3.0 mm 5.0 mm C 13.8 mm 3.5 mm 6.0 mm 3.5 mm 4.6 mm A 12.3 mm 1.8 mm 5.0 mm 1.8 mm 4.5 mm B 15.3 mm 2.7 mm 5.0 mm 2.7 mm 6.1 mm C 15.4 mm 3.0 mm 8.0 mm 3.2 mm 7.4 mm A 18.8 mm 3.8 mm 7.0 mm 3.8 mm 7.1 mm C 17.6 mm 4.1 mm 9.0 mm 4.1 mm 7.9 mm A 21.9 mm 5.1 mm

137 7.0 mm 5.1 mm 8.6 mm 2 Fig 12A Fig 12B A 0.7 mm C 0.5 mm 1.1 mm A 0.9 mm 1.9 mm C 1.2 mm 2.2 mm A 1.5 mm 3.1 mm B 1.5 mm 2.2 mm 2.7 mm C 0.8 mm 2.1 mm A 1.2 mm 2.5 mm 2.5 mm C 0.9 mm 4.8 mm A 1.

9 mm 5.1 mm 8.6 mm 2 Fig 12A Fig 12B A 0.7 mm C 0.5 mm 1.1 mm A 0.9 mm 1.9 mm C 1.2 mm 2.2 mm A 1.5 mm 3.1 mm B 1.5 mm 2.2 mm 2.7 mm C 0.8 mm 2.1 mm A 1.2 mm 2.5 mm 2.5 mm C 0.9 mm 4.8 mm A 1.5 mm 3.5 mm mm mm Fig 13A Fig 13B A 0.7 mm 2.1 mm 5.0 mm C 0.8 mm 2.2 mm 5.0 mm Fig 12 The cortical bone thickness average from the mandibular canal center to each para-axial aspects slice from mandibular foramen to mental foramen to inferior border of mandible and the cortical bone inboard surface. A : The cortical bone thickness average of the inferior border of mandible direction from the mandibular canal center. B : Change of each anatomical position in the state that fixed mandibular foramen and mental foramen. Fig 13 Changes from the mandibular canal center to a horizontal direction. A : It is averaged horizontal direction distance of the lingual side cortical bone inside by the mandibular canal center in each para-axial aspects slice from mandibular foramen to mental foramen. B : Change of each anatomical position in the state that fixed mandibular foramen and mental foramen.

138 44 2015 A 1.5 mm 8.0 mm C 1.5 mm 6.0 mm A 1.4 mm 1.4 mm 8.0 mm B 1.3 mm 2.3 mm 10 mm C 1.7 mm 10 mm A 1.1 mm 2.8 mm 8.0 mm C 1.7 mm 2.5 mm 8.0 mm A 1.4 mm 2.3 mm 8.0 mm 2 1.

10 A 1.5 mm 8.0 mm C 1.5 mm 6.0 mm A 1.4 mm 1.4 mm 8.0 mm B 1.3 mm 2.3 mm 10 mm C 1.7 mm 10 mm A 1.1 mm 2.8 mm 8.0 mm C 1.7 mm 2.5 mm 8.0 mm A 1.4 mm 2.3 mm 8.0 mm mm Fig 14A Fig 14B A 6.0 mm 2.5 mm 1.6 mm 2.7 mm 9.0 mm C 9.0 mm 3.5 mm 2.4 mm 2.8 mm 9.0 mm Fig 14 Changes from the mandibular canal center to a horizontal direction. A : It is averaged horizontal direction distance of the buccal side cortical bone inside by the mandibular canal center in each para-axial aspects slice from mandibular foramen to mental foramen. B : Change of each anatomical position in the state that fixed mandibular foramen and mental foramen. A 5.0 mm 4.1 mm 3.6 mm 4.7 mm 5.0 mm C 6.0 mm 5.1 mm 4.2 mm 5.7 mm 14 mm A 10 mm 3.9 mm 2.9 mm 4.9 mm 17 mm B 12 mm 4.8 mm 3.1 mm 5.9 mm 5.0 mm C 10 mm 4.5 mm 3.5 mm 5.5 mm 23 mm A 11 mm 4.9 mm 3.2 mm 5.8 mm 7.0 mm

11 139 Fig 15 Position change of the mandibular canal which displayed from axial direction and the front direction. C 15 mm 4.3 mm 2.6 mm 4.7 mm 14 mm A 14 mm 5.1 mm 3.4 mm 6.2 mm 5 1 Fig mm X Y Y 65 mm 34 mm A C 14 mm C A 6.0 mma C 9.0 mm C A 5.0 mm Fig 15 CBCT multi planar reconstruction MPR Fig 16 2 Fig 17A, B Fig 15 0 Fig 15 AA C

140 44 2015 Fig 16 There images which performed super-impose of the run of the run of the mandibular canal to MPR image.

12 Fig 16 There images which performed super-impose of the run of the run of the mandibular canal to MPR image. Fig 17 Run of the mandibular canal in each Hellman s dental agescoronal image A : Position changes from Hellman s dental stage A to A. B : Position changes from Hellman s dental stage B to A. 1 18, 19 X CT μ-ct 19, 20 μ-ct μ-ct CBCT μ-ct CT CT

13 CBCT CT CBCT CT CBCT CT CT CBCT 30 CBCT 3 1 C A 6.6 mm A A 3.5 mm C B 31 C A A C 7.50 mm A 5.04 mmc 4.78 mmca 1.75 mm Scammon 2 A C 3.4 mm A C Scammon 3

14 A A B mm 4.0 mm A C A C A A C A Fig 15 Fig 15 CBCT MPR Fig 16 Fig 17A, B Fig 15 AA C Fig 18 A 25 mm A 35 mm 60 mm S 31 C C A C Fig 18 Front growth of the mental foramen in of Hellman s dental stage.

15 mmc 6.48 mma 6.08 mm 32, Scammon S Barber , 37 1 Scammon A C 2 mm 3 4 In 2 pp , 1996 Van L borgh, J : A new view on the control of the morphogenesis of the skull. Acta Morphol. Neerl Scand 8, , , 1 56, , , 1971 Bernard L In 2 pp , 2006 Rosalia C. B 37, , 1999 Tsuji Y, Muto T, Kawakami J, and Takeda S : Computed tomographic analysis of the position and course of the mandibular canal : relevance to the sagittal split ramus osteotomy. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 34, , 1970 Yu IH, Wong YK : Evalution of mandibular anatomy related to sagittal split ramus osteotomy using 3-dimensional computed tomography scan images. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 37, , 2008 Ueki K, Okabe K, Miyazaki M, Mukozawa A, Marukawa K, Nakagawa K and Yamamoto E : Position of mandibular canal and ramus morphology before and after sagittal split ramus osteotomy. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 68, , 2010 CT 40, , 1989 CT 50, 1 10, 2004 Sato I, Ueno R, Kawai T, and Yosue T : Rare courses of the

16 mandibular canal in the molar regions of the human madibule. A cadaveric study. Okajimas Folia Anat Jpn 82, , , 2 7, 2009 X CT Ortho-CT 40, 47 57, , , 1995 Ito M, Nakamura T, Matsumoto T, Tsurusaki K, and Hayashi K : Analysis of trabecular micro-architecture of human iliace bone using micro-computed tomography in patients with hip arthrosis with or without vertebral fracture. Bone 23, , 1998 Shibata T, Matsumoto S and Nagano T : Tomograms of the arterial system of the human fetal auditory apparatus obtained by very-high-resolution microfocus X-ray CT and 3D reconstruction 74, , 1999 Micro-CT J OralBiol44, 29 39, , 33 41, 2013 Natalie DM, Khadry AG and Timothy DW : Determining position of the inferior alveolar nerve via anatomical dissection and micro-computed tomography in preparation for dental implants. J Can Dent Assoc 79, 39, 2013 CT 48, , , , 2009 CT 41, , 2012 CT 18, , 2005 CT CT 80, 5 9, 2006 Hashimoto K, Kawashima S, Araki M, Iwai K, Sameda K and Akiyama Y : Comparison of image performance between conebeam computed tomography for dental use and four-row multidetector helical CT. J Oral Sci 48, 27 34, 2006 Mahkameh M, Mohammad AT, Ehsan TH, Ali TH and Iman TH : Analysis of linear measurement accuracy obtained by cone beam computed tomography CBCT-NewTom VG. JDentRes 9, 57 62, 2012 Asieh ZN, Bahar BM : A comparative study of linear measurement using cone beam and multi-slice computed tomographies for ecaluation of mandibular canal location in dry mandibles. J Dent Res 10, 15 19, , , 1979 CT 23, 51 54, , , , , , , , 53 63, 1998 Barber CG, Green LT, Cox CJ : Effect of the physical consistency of the rat diet on the condylar growth of the rat mandible. J Dent Res 42, , , , , ,

明海大学歯学雑誌　３６‐２／１１．黒岩

明海大学歯学雑誌　３６‐２／１１．黒岩 J Meikai Dent Med 362, 153 160, 2007 153 X X X 0.5 mm 2mm X X 0.91.0 6.93 mm 6.93 mm 20 mm 9.5 10.4 30 mm 6.3 6.9 X Radiological Study for Implant Preoperative Diagnosis Geometric Accuracy of Panoramic

明海大学歯学雑誌 ４４‐２☆／２．流石

明海大学歯学雑誌　４４‐２☆／２．流石